{ "packId": "summer-olympic-trivia", "packName": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats", "packVersion": "1.0.5", "shortName": "Summer Olympics", "icon": "πŸ“˜", "description": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats", "author": "", "language": "en", "lessons": [ { "id": "lesson-1", "title": "Ancient Roots to Modern Revival (776 BC – 1896 – 1912)", "order": 1, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/guides/ancient-roots-to-modern-revival.md", "sources": [ { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” " } ], "parts": [ { "id": "part-1", "title": "The Ancient Olympiad & Sacred Truce", "order": 1, "blurb": "The Ancient Olympiad & Sacred Truce", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-stadion-first-champion", "item-sum-001", "item-sum-002", "fact-sot-sacred-truce-ekecheiria", "item-sum-003", "fact-sot-pankration-two-rules", "item-sum-004", "fact-sot-olive-wreath-not-medal", "item-sum-005", "fact-sot-theodosius-bans-games", "item-sum-006", "fact-sum-007-d", "item-sum-007", "fact-sot-cynisca-first-female-champion", "item-sum-008", "fact-sot-olympiad-four-years", "item-sum-009", "fact-sum-010-d", "item-sum-010", "ot-anc-first-champion", "ot-anc-stadion-length", "ot-anc-pankration-rule", "ot-anc-timeline-order", "ot-anc-olympiad-unit" ] }, { "id": "part-2", "title": "Pierre de Coubertin & Athens 1896 Revival", "order": 2, "blurb": "Pierre de Coubertin & Athens 1896 Revival", "studyGuideAnchor": "pierre-de-coubertin-athens-1896-revival", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-coubertin-sorbonne-congress", "item-sum-011", "fact-sot-athens-1896-begins", "item-sum-012", "fact-sot-spyridon-louis-marathon", "item-sum-013", "fact-sot-1904-first-gold-medals", "item-sum-014", "fact-sum-015-d", "item-sum-015", "fact-sot-five-olympic-rings", "item-sum-016", "fact-sot-paris-1900-women-compete", "item-sum-017", "fact-sum-018-d", "item-sum-018", "item-sum-019", "item-sum-020", "ot-rev-sorbonne-venue", "ot-rev-nations-count", "ot-rev-marathon-winner", "ot-rev-medal-1896", "ot-rev-gold-medal-games" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-sum-l01-ancient", "statement": "Identify the traditions, combat rules, and historical timeline of the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC to 393 AD.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l01-ancient-core" ] }, { "id": "obj-sum-l01-revival", "statement": "Recall the founders, inaugural awards, and key milestones of the Athens 1896 modern Olympic revival.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l01-revival-core" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-sum-l01-ancient-core", "label": "Ancient Olympiad Traditions", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-001", "item-sum-002", "item-sum-004", "item-sum-006" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 }, { "id": "d-sum-l01-revival-core", "label": "Athens 1896 Modern Revival", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-011", "item-sum-012", "item-sum-013", "item-sum-014" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-ancient-olympics", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l01-ancient", "title": "Ancient Olympic Traditions", "mcqIds": [ "ot-anc-first-champion", "ot-anc-stadion-length", "ot-anc-pankration-rule", "ot-anc-timeline-order", "ot-anc-olympiad-unit" ] }, { "id": "test-1896-revival", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l01-revival", "title": "Athens 1896 Revival", "mcqIds": [ "ot-rev-sorbonne-venue", "ot-rev-nations-count", "ot-rev-marathon-winner", "ot-rev-medal-1896", "ot-rev-gold-medal-games" ] } ] }, { "id": "lesson-2", "title": "Track & Field: Sprint Legends & Hurdle Breakthroughs", "order": 2, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/guides/track-and-field-sprint-legends-and-hurdles.md", "sources": [ { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” " } ], "parts": [ { "id": "part-3", "title": "Sprint Dominance: 100m, 200m & World Records", "order": 1, "blurb": "Sprint Dominance: 100m, 200m & World Records", "studyGuideAnchor": "sprint-dominance-100m-200m-world-records", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-usain-bolt-fastest-ever", "item-sum-021", "fact-sot-flo-jo-olympic-record", "item-sum-022", "fact-sot-jesse-owens-berlin-1936", "item-sum-023", "fact-sum-024-d", "item-sum-024", "item-sum-025", "fact-sot-noah-lyles-photo-finish", "item-sum-026", "fact-sot-donovan-bailey-lane-8", "item-sum-027", "fact-sum-028-d", "item-sum-028", "fact-sot-relay-exchange-zone-30m", "item-sum-029", "item-sum-030", "ot-sum-sprint-wr-100m", "ot-sum-sprint-peak-speed", "ot-sum-sprint-bailey-lane", "ot-sum-sprint-four-golds-pair", "ot-sum-sprint-relay-zone" ] }, { "id": "part-4", "title": "Hurdles, Relays & Mid-Distance Milestones", "order": 2, "blurb": "Hurdles, Relays & Mid-Distance Milestones", "studyGuideAnchor": "hurdles-relays-mid-distance-milestones", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-edwin-moses-122-streak", "item-sum-031", "item-sum-032", "fact-sot-johnson-spikes-keino-grit", "item-sum-033", "item-sum-034", "fact-sot-wayde-van-niekerk-400m-record", "item-sum-035", "item-sum-036", "fact-sum-037-d", "item-sum-037", "fact-sot-joan-benoit-early-breakaway", "item-sum-038", "fact-sum-039-d", "item-sum-039", "fact-sot-400m-hurdles-record-progression", "item-sum-040", "ot-sum-hurdle-moses-streak", "ot-sum-hurdle-warholm-sub46", "ot-sum-hurdle-vanniekerk-400m", "ot-sum-hurdle-keino-illness", "ot-sum-hurdle-young-wr" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-sum-l02-sprints", "statement": "Recall standing world records, peak velocities, and historic medal milestones in Olympic sprint events.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l02-sprints-core" ] }, { "id": "obj-sum-l02-hurdles", "statement": "Recall win streak numbers, world record times, and tactical milestones in Olympic hurdles and distance races.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l02-hurdles-core" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-sum-l02-sprints-core", "label": "Sprint World Records & Milestones", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-021", "item-sum-022", "item-sum-023", "item-sum-025" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 }, { "id": "d-sum-l02-hurdles-core", "label": "Hurdles Streaks & Distance Breakthroughs", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-031", "item-sum-032", "item-sum-034", "item-sum-039" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-sum-l02-sprints", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l02-sprints", "title": "Sprint Legends & Records", "mcqIds": [ "ot-sum-sprint-wr-100m", "ot-sum-sprint-peak-speed", "ot-sum-sprint-bailey-lane", "ot-sum-sprint-four-golds-pair", "ot-sum-sprint-relay-zone" ] }, { "id": "test-sum-l02-hurdles", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l02-hurdles", "title": "Hurdles & Distance Milestones", "mcqIds": [ "ot-sum-hurdle-moses-streak", "ot-sum-hurdle-warholm-sub46", "ot-sum-hurdle-vanniekerk-400m", "ot-sum-hurdle-keino-illness", "ot-sum-hurdle-young-wr" ] } ] }, { "id": "lesson-3", "title": "Track & Field: Field Leaps, Throws & The Decathlon", "order": 3, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/guides/track-and-field-leaps-throws-and-decathlon.md", "sources": [ { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” " } ], "parts": [ { "id": "part-5", "title": "Defying Gravity: High Jump, Long Jump & Pole Vault", "order": 1, "blurb": "Defying Gravity: High Jump, Long Jump & Pole Vault", "studyGuideAnchor": "defying-gravity-high-jump-long-jump-pole-vault", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-long-jump-beamon-to-powell", "item-sum-041", "fact-sot-fosbury-flop-sotomayor-record", "item-sum-042", "item-sum-043", "fact-sum-044-d", "item-sum-044", "fact-sot-pole-vault-bubka-to-duplantis", "item-sum-045", "item-sum-046", "item-sum-047", "fact-sot-jonathan-edwards-triple-jump", "item-sum-048", "fact-sum-049-d", "item-sum-049", "fact-sot-kostadinova-womens-high-jump", "item-sum-050", "ot-jumps-beamon", "ot-jumps-fosbury-athlete", "ot-jumps-bubka", "ot-jumps-duplantis-height", "ot-jumps-powell-1", "ot-cov-sum-l03-jumps-1", "ot-cov-sum-l03-jumps-2" ] }, { "id": "part-6", "title": "Decathlon Kings & Historic Throws", "order": 2, "blurb": "Decathlon Kings & Historic Throws", "studyGuideAnchor": "decathlon-kings-historic-throws", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-jim-thorpe-greatest-athlete", "item-sum-051", "fact-sum-052-d", "item-sum-052", "fact-sot-javelin-redesign-1986", "item-sum-053", "fact-sot-shot-put-crouser-adams", "item-sum-054", "fact-sum-055-d", "item-sum-055", "fact-sot-daley-thompson-back-to-back", "item-sum-056", "fact-sot-decathlon-ten-events", "item-sum-057", "fact-sot-jackie-joyner-kersee-heptathlon-record", "item-sum-058", "fact-sum-059-d", "item-sum-059", "item-sum-060", "ot-throws-decathlon-events", "ot-throws-javelin-redesign", "ot-throws-thorpe-quote", "ot-throws-crouser-shotput", "ot-throws-thompson-backtoback", "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-1", "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-2" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-sum-l03-jumps", "statement": "Identify landmark leaps, technique revolutions, and record measurements across Olympic field jump events.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l03-jumps-core" ] }, { "id": "obj-sum-l03-throws", "statement": "Recall decathlon point records, equipment redesign specifications, and multi-gold throwing dynasties.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l03-throws-core" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-sum-l03-jumps-core", "label": "Field Jumps & Biomechanical Revolutions", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-041", "item-sum-042", "item-sum-043" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 }, { "id": "d-sum-l03-throws-core", "label": "Decathlon & Throwing Milestones", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-051", "item-sum-053", "item-sum-054", "item-sum-057", "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-1", "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-2" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-field-jumps", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l03-jumps", "title": "Field Jump Records", "mcqIds": [ "ot-jumps-beamon", "ot-jumps-fosbury-athlete", "ot-jumps-bubka", "ot-jumps-duplantis-height", "ot-jumps-powell-1", "ot-cov-sum-l03-jumps-1", "ot-cov-sum-l03-jumps-2" ] }, { "id": "test-decathlon-throws", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l03-throws", "title": "Decathlon & Throwing Dynasties", "mcqIds": [ "ot-throws-decathlon-events", "ot-throws-javelin-redesign", "ot-throws-thorpe-quote", "ot-throws-crouser-shotput", "ot-throws-thompson-backtoback", "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-1", "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-2" ] } ] }, { "id": "lesson-4", "title": "Pool of Champions: Swimming & Aquatics Dominance", "order": 4, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/guides/pool-of-champions-swimming-and-aquatics.md", "sources": [ { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” " } ], "parts": [ { "id": "part-7", "title": "Michael Phelps & The Golden Era of Aquatics", "order": 1, "blurb": "Michael Phelps & The Golden Era of Aquatics", "studyGuideAnchor": "michael-phelps-the-golden-era-of-aquatics", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-michael-phelps-most-decorated", "item-sum-061", "item-sum-062", "fact-sot-phelps-cavic-hundredth-second", "item-sum-063", "fact-sum-064-d", "item-sum-064", "fact-sot-phelps-breaks-ancient-record", "item-sum-065", "fact-sum-066-d", "item-sum-066", "fact-sot-caeleb-dressel-tokyo-2020", "item-sum-067", "fact-sum-068-d", "item-sum-068", "fact-sum-069-d", "item-sum-069", "fact-sot-olympic-pool-50-meters", "item-sum-070", "ot-phelps-1", "ot-phelps-2", "ot-phelps-3", "ot-phelps-4", "ot-phelps-5", "ot-cov-sum-l04-phelps-1", "ot-cov-sum-l04-phelps-2" ] }, { "id": "part-8", "title": "Freestyle Queens, Stroke Innovators & Diving Feats", "order": 2, "blurb": "Freestyle Queens, Stroke Innovators & Diving Feats", "studyGuideAnchor": "freestyle-queens-stroke-innovators-diving-feats", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-katie-ledecky-nine-golds", "item-sum-071", "item-sum-072", "fact-sot-greg-louganis-concussion-comeback", "item-sum-073", "fact-sot-butterfly-stroke-origin", "item-sum-074", "fact-sum-075-d", "item-sum-075", "fact-sot-summer-mcintosh-teen-prodigy", "item-sum-076", "fact-sot-matt-biondi-seoul-1988", "item-sum-077", "item-sum-078", "fact-sot-diving-platform-height", "item-sum-079", "fact-sot-synchronized-diving-debut", "item-sum-080", "ot-aquatics-1", "ot-aquatics-2", "ot-aquatics-3", "ot-aquatics-4", "ot-aquatics-5", "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-1", "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-2" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-sum-l04-phelps", "statement": "Recall Michael Phelps' medal tallies, record swims, and razor-thin Olympic victory margins.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l04-phelps-core" ] }, { "id": "obj-sum-l04-aquatics", "statement": "Identify historic swimming win streaks, stroke evolution milestones, and diving feats.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l04-aquatics-core" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-sum-l04-phelps-core", "label": "Michael Phelps & Golden Era Feats", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-061", "item-sum-062", "item-sum-063" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 }, { "id": "d-sum-l04-aquatics-core", "label": "Freestyle Dynasties & Diving Lore", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-071", "item-sum-072", "item-sum-073", "item-sum-079", "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-1", "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-2" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-phelps", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l04-phelps", "title": "Phelps: Medals & Margins", "mcqIds": [ "ot-phelps-1", "ot-phelps-2", "ot-phelps-3", "ot-phelps-4", "ot-phelps-5", "ot-cov-sum-l04-phelps-1", "ot-cov-sum-l04-phelps-2" ] }, { "id": "test-aquatics", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l04-aquatics", "title": "Swim Streaks & Diving Feats", "mcqIds": [ "ot-aquatics-1", "ot-aquatics-2", "ot-aquatics-3", "ot-aquatics-4", "ot-aquatics-5", "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-1", "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-2" ] } ] }, { "id": "lesson-5", "title": "Gymnastics & Court Showdowns: The Quest for Perfection", "order": 5, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/guides/gymnastics-and-court-showdowns.md", "sources": [ { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” " } ], "parts": [ { "id": "part-9", "title": "Artistic Gymnastics: Perfect 10s & Simone Biles", "order": 1, "blurb": "Artistic Gymnastics: Perfect 10s & Simone Biles", "studyGuideAnchor": "artistic-gymnastics-perfect-10s-simone-biles", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-nadia-comaneci-perfect-10", "item-sum-081", "item-sum-082", "fact-sum-083-d", "item-sum-083", "fact-sot-kerri-strug-injured-vault", "item-sum-084", "fact-sot-simone-biles-most-decorated-gymnast", "item-sum-085", "item-sum-086", "fact-sot-gymnastics-scoring-since-2006", "item-sum-087", "fact-sum-088-d", "item-sum-088", "fact-sot-vitaly-scherbo-six-golds", "item-sum-089", "fact-sum-090-d", "item-sum-090", "ot-gym-first-10", "ot-gym-comaneci-tens", "ot-gym-scoring-overhaul", "ot-gym-biles-skills", "ot-gym-not-allaround", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-1", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-2", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-3", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-4" ] }, { "id": "part-10", "title": "Olympic Basketball: The 1992 Dream Team & Showdowns", "order": 2, "blurb": "Olympic Basketball: The 1992 Dream Team & Showdowns", "studyGuideAnchor": "olympic-basketball-the-1992-dream-team-showdowns", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-dream-team-dominance", "item-sum-091", "item-sum-092", "fact-sot-munich-1972-final-and-vault", "item-sum-093", "item-sum-094", "fact-sot-usa-women-basketball-dynasty", "item-sum-095", "fact-sum-096-d", "item-sum-096", "fact-sot-steph-curry-paris-2024-clincher", "item-sum-097", "fact-sot-oscar-schmidt-scoring-record", "item-sum-098", "item-sum-099", "fact-sot-1936-berlin-basketball-rain", "item-sum-100", "ot-bball-dreamteam-margin", "ot-bball-daly-timeouts", "ot-bball-munich-score", "ot-bball-athens2004-upset", "ot-bball-women-dynasty-false" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-sum-l05-gymnastics", "statement": "Recall historic gymnastics scores, scoring overhauls, and signature skills of iconic gymnasts.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l05-gymnastics-core" ] }, { "id": "obj-sum-l05-basketball", "statement": "Recall scoring margins, timeout records, and iconic showdowns in Olympic basketball history.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l05-basketball-core" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-sum-l05-gymnastics-core", "label": "Gymnastics Perfect 10s & Skill Mastery", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-081", "item-sum-082", "item-sum-085", "item-sum-087", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-1", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-2", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-3", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-4" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 }, { "id": "d-sum-l05-basketball-core", "label": "Olympic Basketball Showdowns", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-091", "item-sum-092", "item-sum-093" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-sum-l05-gymnastics", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l05-gymnastics", "title": "Gymnastics: Scores & Icons", "mcqIds": [ "ot-gym-first-10", "ot-gym-comaneci-tens", "ot-gym-scoring-overhaul", "ot-gym-biles-skills", "ot-gym-not-allaround", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-1", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-2", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-3", "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-4" ] }, { "id": "test-sum-l05-basketball", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l05-basketball", "title": "Olympic Basketball Showdowns", "mcqIds": [ "ot-bball-dreamteam-margin", "ot-bball-daly-timeouts", "ot-bball-munich-score", "ot-bball-athens2004-upset", "ot-bball-women-dynasty-false" ] } ] }, { "id": "lesson-6", "title": "Summer Lore, Combat & The All-Time Medal Pantheon", "order": 6, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/guides/summer-lore-combat-and-medal-pantheon.md", "sources": [ { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” " } ], "parts": [ { "id": "part-11", "title": "Combat, Racquets, Sand & Discontinued Sports", "order": 1, "blurb": "Combat, Racquets, Sand & Discontinued Sports", "studyGuideAnchor": "combat-racquets-sand-discontinued-sports", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-muhammad-ali-rome-1960", "item-sum-101", "fact-sum-102-d", "item-sum-102", "fact-sot-mijain-lopez-five-golds", "item-sum-103", "fact-sum-104-d", "item-sum-104", "fact-sum-105-d", "item-sum-105", "fact-sot-walsh-may-treanor-streak", "item-sum-106", "fact-sot-single-nation-dominance-table-tennis-archery", "item-sum-107", "item-sum-108", "item-sum-109", "fact-sot-paris-1900-pigeon-shooting", "item-sum-110", "ot-sum-combat-1", "ot-sum-combat-2", "ot-sum-combat-3", "ot-sum-combat-5", "ot-sum-tabletennis-china-1" ] }, { "id": "part-12", "title": "Marathon Chaos & The All-Time Summer Pantheon", "order": 2, "blurb": "Marathon Chaos & The All-Time Summer Pantheon", "studyGuideAnchor": "marathon-chaos-all-time-summer-pantheon", "itemIds": [ "fact-sot-1904-marathon-chaos", "item-sum-111", "item-sum-112", "fact-sot-olympic-art-competitions", "item-sum-113", "fact-sum-114-d", "item-sum-114", "fact-sum-115-d", "item-sum-115", "fact-sot-olympic-extremes-medals-ages", "item-sum-116", "item-sum-117", "item-sum-118", "fact-sot-1980-moscow-boycott", "item-sum-119", "fact-sot-olympic-motto-together", "item-sum-120", "ot-sum-pantheon-1", "ot-sum-pantheon-2", "ot-sum-pantheon-3", "ot-sum-pantheon-4", "ot-sum-pantheon-5" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-sum-l06-combat", "statement": "Identify Olympic feats: Ali's Rome 1960 boxing gold, Lopez's wrestling streak, the Walsh/May-Treanor volleyball run, and Korea's archery streak.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l06-combat-core" ] }, { "id": "obj-sum-l06-pantheon", "statement": "Recall wild marathon lore, art competition medals, and all-time Summer Olympic medal records.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-sum-l06-pantheon-core" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-sum-l06-combat-core", "label": "Combat & Specialty Sport Feats", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-101", "item-sum-103", "item-sum-106", "item-sum-108" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-sum-l06-pantheon-core", "label": "Summer Lore & Medal Pantheon", "itemIds": [ "item-sum-111", "item-sum-113", "item-sum-116" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-sum-l06-combat", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l06-combat", "title": "Combat & Racquet Dynasties", "mcqIds": [ "ot-sum-combat-1", "ot-sum-combat-2", "ot-sum-combat-3", "ot-sum-tabletennis-china-1", "ot-sum-combat-5" ] }, { "id": "test-sum-l06-pantheon", "objectiveId": "obj-sum-l06-pantheon", "title": "Marathon Lore & Medal Pantheon", "mcqIds": [ "ot-sum-pantheon-1", "ot-sum-pantheon-2", "ot-sum-pantheon-3", "ot-sum-pantheon-4", "ot-sum-pantheon-5" ] } ] } ], "items": [ { "id": "fact-sot-stadion-first-champion", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Stadion: The First Olympic Event", "body": "For the first several decades of the ancient Games at Olympia, the *stadion* β€” a single sprint the length of the stadium track, roughly **192 meters** β€” was the only event on the program. The first champion recorded by name, in **776 BC**, was **Coroebus of Elis**, a baker who won that footrace.", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "stadion", "champions" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Ancient Olympic Games", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-001", "item-sum-002" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "ruins of ancient Olympia stadium", "alt": "The ruins of the ancient stadium at Olympia, Greece.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: The ruins of the ancient stadium at Olympia, Greece. 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Heralds called *spondophoroi* travelled from Elis to every Greek city-state announcing the festival dates, participating states suspended any ongoing wars, and athletes, pilgrims and officials travelling to Olympia were guaranteed safe passage. Athletes sealed the occasion by swearing solemn oaths before the statue of Zeus before competing.", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "truce" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olympic Truce", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Truce" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-003" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "ruins of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia", "alt": "The ruins of the Temple of Zeus at ancient Olympia.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: The ruins of the Temple of Zeus at ancient Olympia. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Library of Congress Β· Ruins of Temple Zeus, Olympia, Greece Β· No known restrictions (verify at source)", "creditUrl": "http://www.loc.gov/item/2020680936/", "subject": "Sepia stereograph card (duplicate twin panels) captioned '7155β€”Ruins of Temple of Zeus, Olympia, Greece': rows of large fallen stone blocks in an open field, a man in a wide-brimmed hat standing in the foreground surveying the ruins, wooded hill behind.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-sacred-truce-ekecheiria.webp" }, "uid": "1ox0hipi82z2j" }, { "id": "item-sum-003", "shape": "procedure", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "truce" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olympic Truce", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Truce" }, "goal": "The proclamation and enforcement of the Ancient Olympic Truce (Ekecheiria)", "steps": [ "Heralds (spondophoroi) travel across Greek city-states announcing the festival dates", "Participating city-states enact an immediate cessation of all ongoing armed warfare", "Guaranteed safe passage is granted to athletes, pilgrims, and officials traveling to Elis", "Athletes swear solemn oaths before the statue of Zeus at Olympia before competing" ], "notes": "The Ekecheiria protected travelers to ensure the Panhellenic festival could proceed safely.", "uid": "1imb7wjkrlspl" }, { "id": "fact-sot-pankration-two-rules", "shape": "fact", "title": "Pankration's Only Two Rules", "body": "**Pankration** was a near-limitless ancient combat sport blending wrestling and boxing, and it permitted almost everything a fighter could do to an opponent. The only two actions strictly forbidden were **biting** and **gouging an opponent's eyes** β€” everything else, including strikes on the ground, was fair game.", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "combat" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Pankration", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankration" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-004" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "ancient Greek pankration vase painting", "alt": "An ancient Greek vase painting depicting pankration combat.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: An ancient Greek vase painting depicting pankration combat. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "1hdm1gsq83moc" }, { "id": "item-sum-004", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "combat" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Pankration", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pankration" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which two actions were strictly forbidden in the brutal ancient combat sport of Pankration?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Biting opponents or gouging an opponent's eyes", "short": "Biting & eye-gouging" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tripping opponents or grappling on the sand", "short": "Tripping & sand holds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Kicking the groin or striking opponents on the ground", "short": "Kicking groin & ground" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Choking opponents or twisting their limb joints", "short": "Choking & joint twists" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Pankration was an all-out martial art with only two rules: no biting and no eye-gouging.", "uid": "18gx36i1hyu03s" }, { "id": "fact-sot-olive-wreath-not-medal", "shape": "fact", "title": "An Olive Wreath, Not a Medal", "body": "Ancient Olympic champions never stood on a podium for gold. Victors received only a sacred wreath of wild olive branches, the *kotinos* β€” the same **olive crown** awarded to Cynisca's victorious chariot team β€” while medals and prize money on-site did not exist. Home city-states often rewarded their champions afterward with pensions and honors instead.", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "medals" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olive wreath", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_wreath" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-005" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "ancient Greek olive wreath crown", "alt": "An olive wreath of the kind awarded to ancient Olympic champions.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: An olive wreath of the kind awarded to ancient Olympic champions. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Olive wreath Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_wreath", "subject": "A circular wreath woven from olive branches, with silvery-green olive leaves and small unripe green olives visible on the twigs, photographed flat on a plain gray surface -- a genuine olive wreath (kotinos), matching the Wikipedia 'Olive wreath' article it is drawn from.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-olive-wreath-not-medal.webp" }, "uid": "10dze7eyxii00" }, { "id": "item-sum-005", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olive wreath", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_wreath" }, "statement": "Ancient Olympic champions were awarded gold medals and prize money on the podium at Olympia.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Ancient Olympic victors received a sacred wreath of wild olive branches (kotinos); medals were introduced in 1896.", "explanation": "Ancient victors received only an olive wreath at Olympia, though their home city-states often gave them pensions and honors.", "uid": "1tmihiyux9008" }, { "id": "fact-sot-theodosius-bans-games", "shape": "fact", "title": "Theodosius I Ends the Ancient Games", "body": "The ancient Olympics ran for nearly twelve centuries. Their last securely recorded celebration came in **393 AD**, traditionally linked to Roman Emperor **Theodosius I**'s broader suppression of pagan practices and sanctuaries across the Christianized empire β€” though archaeological evidence suggests some competitions continued for a few more years before the festival finally lapsed under his successors.", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "history" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Theodosius I", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-006" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Theodosius I", "alt": "A historical depiction of Roman Emperor Theodosius I.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A historical depiction of Roman Emperor Theodosius I. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "9k2mk71xw6rxz" }, { "id": "item-sum-006", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "history" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Theodosius I", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which Roman Emperor is traditionally credited with banning the ancient Olympic Games around 393 AD?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Theodosius I (emperor)" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Julius Caesar (dictator)" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Emperor Nero (ruler)" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Constantine the Great (monarch)" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I is traditionally credited with banning pagan festivals and cult sanctuaries around 393 AD, the last securely recorded ancient Games, though evidence suggests competitions may have continued a bit longer before finally ending under his successors.", "uid": "1jja6epj6bd6l" }, { "id": "item-sum-007", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "athletes" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Milo of Croton", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo_of_Croton" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Milo of Croton" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Six-time ancient Olympic wrestling champion between 540 BC and 516 BC", "short": "Six-time wrestling champion" }, "uid": "14e56jm1t2jzzk" }, { "id": "fact-sot-cynisca-first-female-champion", "shape": "fact", "title": "Cynisca, the First Female Champion", "body": "Women were barred from competing at the ancient Games, but not from winning them. The Spartan princess **Cynisca** became the first female Olympic champion in **396 BC** by **owning and training the victorious chariot team** β€” in equestrian events, ancient rules crowned the owner rather than the driver.", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "women" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Cynisca", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynisca" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-008" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Cynisca", "alt": "A depiction associated with the Spartan princess Cynisca.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A depiction associated with the Spartan princess Cynisca. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Cynisca Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynisca", "subject": "Full top-down photo of a broken, dark stone statue base with a worn Greek inscription across its top face, on a museum plinth β€” the Wikipedia article's own lead image for \"Cynisca\", identified via Wikimedia Commons as the statue base she dedicated at Olympia, Museum of the Olympic Games in Antiquity", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-cynisca-first-female-champion.webp" }, "uid": "g3cybk9ebzlo" }, { "id": "item-sum-008", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "women" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Cynisca", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynisca" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How did the Spartan princess Cynisca become the first female Olympic champion in 396 BC?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Financing the construction of the Olympia track", "short": "Financed stadium track" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Disguising herself as a male competitor in wrestling", "short": "Disguised male wrestler" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Owning and training the winning chariot team", "short": "Chariot team owner" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Winning the Heraean Games sprint footrace title", "short": "Heraean Games sprint" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Olympic rules designated the chariot owner as the official victor, enabling Spartan princess Cynisca to win in 396 BC.", "uid": "hu4ggf139aegb" }, { "id": "fact-sot-olympiad-four-years", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Olympiad: A Four-Year Clock", "body": "An **Olympiad** was the four-year interval between successive Olympic festivals. It became the standard unit for reckoning historical time across the Greek world, so ancient writers dated events by which Olympiad they fell in rather than by a fixed calendar year.", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "olympiad" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-ancient-olympiad-sacred-truce", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olympiad", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-009" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "ancient Olympia archaeological site", "alt": "The archaeological site of ancient Olympia, Greece.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: The archaeological site of ancient Olympia, Greece. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Annatsach Β· CC BY-SA 4.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Archaeological_Site_of_Ancient_Olympia_-_9.jpg", "subject": "A path lined with weathered ancient stone columns and square pedestals running through a grove of trees at the Olympia site, no people, overcast sky β€” matches the Wikimedia title 'Archaeological Site of Ancient Olympia - 9.jpg'.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-olympiad-four-years.webp" }, "uid": "1pu0m9j1gq7xad" }, { "id": "item-sum-009", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "olympiad" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olympiad", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympiad" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many years are in an Olympiad, the ancient Greek chronological unit?" }, "value": 4, "unit": "years", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "An Olympiad is a four-year period between consecutive Olympic Games, used as a dating system in ancient Greece.", "uid": "77ztls1rrw2n2" }, { "id": "item-sum-010", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "ancient-greece", "culture" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Strigil", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigil" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Strigil" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Curved metal tool used by ancient athletes to scrape oil and dirt from their skin", "short": "Curved skin-scraping tool" }, "uid": "1sqozmg128scik" }, { "id": "fact-sot-coubertin-sorbonne-congress", "shape": "fact", "title": "Coubertin's Sorbonne Congress", "body": "The modern Olympic revival began with French educator **Pierre de Coubertin**, who convened a congress at **the Sorbonne in Paris** in **1894**. The congress established the **International Olympic Committee** and resolved to stage the first modern Games in Athens two years later.", "tags": [ "olympics", "modern-revival", "ioc" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "pierre-de-coubertin-athens-1896-revival", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Pierre de Coubertin", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-011" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Pierre de Coubertin", "alt": "A portrait of Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic movement.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A portrait of Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic movement. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Photograph from Bain News Service. Β· Public domain", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baron_Pierre_de_Coubertin.jpg", "subject": "Identical file to index 3 β€” Wikimedia Commons 'File:Baron Pierre de Coubertin.jpg', explicitly licensed Public domain, the same young-Coubertin formal studio portrait (Bain News Service).", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-coubertin-sorbonne-congress.webp" }, "uid": "14db3sp1ujay4j" }, { "id": "item-sum-011", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "modern-revival", "ioc" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Pierre de Coubertin", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Where did Pierre de Coubertin hold the 1894 congress that established the modern IOC?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "The Palace of Westminster in London", "short": "Westminster in London" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The Sorbonne in Paris, France", "short": "The Sorbonne, Paris" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The Royal Palace in Stockholm, Sweden", "short": "Stockholm Royal Palace" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The Panathenaic Stadium in Athens", "short": "Panathenaic Stadium" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The International Olympic Committee was founded on June 23, 1894, during a congress held at the Sorbonne in Paris.", "uid": "3sh68619zm10i" }, { "id": "fact-sot-athens-1896-begins", "shape": "fact", "title": "Athens 1896: The Games Begin", "body": "The inaugural modern Olympics in **1896** drew **14 nations** to Athens. The first champion of the modern era was American **James Connolly**, who won **the triple jump** on **April 6, 1896** β€” the opening day of competition.", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "nations", "usa" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "pierre-de-coubertin-athens-1896-revival", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1896 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-012", "item-sum-020" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "James Connolly triple jump athlete", "alt": "A depiction of James Connolly, the first champion of the modern Olympics.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A depiction of James Connolly, the first champion of the modern Olympics. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikimedia Commons β€” James Brendan Connolly, 1906 1.JPG Β· See Wikimedia Commons (per-file)", "creditUrl": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294321", "subject": "Formal 1906 studio portrait of a younger man with wavy, side-parted hair and a polka-dot bow tie, captioned 'James Brendan Connolly, 1906' and identity-verified via Wikidata's image property for Q294321 β€” this is the actual 1896 triple-jump Olympic champion, distinct from the man in index 0.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-athens-1896-begins.webp" }, "uid": "1jggkuz4oxjjn" }, { "id": "item-sum-012", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "nations" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1896 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many nations participated in the inaugural 1896 modern Olympic Games in Athens?" }, "value": 14, "unit": "nations", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Fourteen nations participated in the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens in April 1896.", "uid": "1rkwwj01vpqape" }, { "id": "fact-sot-spyridon-louis-marathon", "shape": "fact", "title": "Spyridon Louis Wins the First Marathon", "body": "The defining moment of Athens 1896 was the marathon, won by **Spyridon Louis**, **a Greek water-carrier and farmer**. His victory on home soil, timed at 2:58:50, made him a national hero overnight.", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "marathon" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "pierre-de-coubertin-athens-1896-revival", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Spyridon Louis", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Louis" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-013" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Spyridon Louis", "alt": "A portrait of Spyridon Louis, winner of the first modern Olympic marathon.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A portrait of Spyridon Louis, winner of the first modern Olympic marathon. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Spyridon Louis Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Louis", "subject": "Sepia studio portrait of a young mustached man in traditional Greek Evzone dress (dark fez with long tassel, ornately embroidered vest) wearing a round medal on a ribbon in the Greek flag's colours; this is the lead image of Wikipedia's own \"Spyridon Louis\" article.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-spyridon-louis-marathon.webp" }, "uid": "m40j74lsuc5e" }, { "id": "item-sum-013", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "marathon" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Spyridon Louis", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Louis" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What was the profession of Spyridon Louis, winner of the first modern Olympic marathon in 1896?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "A commercial merchant captain" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A university mathematics professor", "short": "Math professor" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A professional military courier" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A Greek water-carrier and farmer" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Spyridon Louis was a humble water-carrier who became a Greek national hero by winning the 1896 marathon in 2:58:50.", "uid": "1penfsz15q9829" }, { "id": "fact-sot-1904-first-gold-medals", "shape": "fact", "title": "Gold Medals Didn't Start Until 1904", "body": "At **Athens 1896**, first-place finishers received a silver medal and an olive branch, with bronze going to second place β€” there was no gold. The now-familiar gold-silver-bronze format for first, second and third place debuted only at the **1904 St. Louis Games**, the third modern Olympics.", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "st-louis-1904", "medals" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "pierre-de-coubertin-athens-1896-revival", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1896 Summer Olympics medal table", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics_medal_table" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-014", "item-sum-019" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "early Olympic medal 1904 St Louis", "alt": "An early Olympic medal from the 1904 St. Louis Games era.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: An early Olympic medal from the 1904 St. Louis Games era. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” 1904 Summer Olympics medal table Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics_medal_table", "subject": "Obverse and reverse of an actual 1904 Olympic medal: front embossed 'OLYMPIAD' with a robed victor figure and '1904'; back reads 'UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION', 'ST. LOUIS U.S.A.', and '800 METER RUN' inside a wreath β€” a real period medal from the 1904 St. Louis Games, matching the card's subject despite a", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-1904-first-gold-medals.webp" }, "uid": "1u7sbed1nlts7r" }, { "id": "item-sum-014", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1896 Summer Olympics medal table", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics_medal_table" }, "prompt": "Which describes the awards given to first-place winners at Athens 1896, rather than modern Games?", "correct": { "caption": "Winners received a silver medal and an olive branch, with bronze for second place" }, "incorrect": { "caption": "Winners received a solid gold medal, with silver for second and bronze for third" }, "explanation": "At Athens 1896, first place received silver and olive branches; gold medals were not awarded until 1904.", "uid": "1cjierm19t27y6" }, { "id": "item-sum-015", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "stadium" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Panathenaic Stadium", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Panathenaic Stadium" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Historic Athens stadium restored entirely in white marble for the 1896 Games", "short": "White marble 1896 stadium" }, "uid": "1f6uk1wuy9v9q" }, { "id": "fact-sot-five-olympic-rings", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Five Olympic Rings", "body": "Pierre de Coubertin gave the Olympic movement its lasting emblem: **five interlocking rings**, designed to represent the **five inhabited continents** taking part in the Games. Coubertin designed the symbol in 1913, but its planned 1914 public debut was delayed by World War I β€” the rings did not fly at the Games until the 1920 Antwerp Olympics.", "tags": [ "olympics", "symbols", "rings" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "pierre-de-coubertin-athens-1896-revival", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olympic symbols", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_symbols" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-016" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Olympic rings symbol", "alt": "The five interlocking Olympic rings.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: The five interlocking Olympic rings. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "RuinDig/Yuki Uchida Β· CC BY 4.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The-Olympic-Rings_Tokyo_15.jpg", "subject": "The same style of large Olympic rings sculpture standing on a plaza near Tokyo's National Stadium, with trees and the stadium roof visible behind it; clean, centered, unobstructed.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-five-olympic-rings.webp" }, "uid": "k9s8pqkvg7sy" }, { "id": "item-sum-016", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "symbols", "rings" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Olympic symbols", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_symbols" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many interlocking rings make up the official Olympic symbol designed by Coubertin?" }, "value": 5, "unit": "rings", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Pierre de Coubertin designed the five interlocking rings in 1913 to represent the five inhabited continents.", "uid": "1n1oqjf1khwiaz" }, { "id": "fact-sot-paris-1900-women-compete", "shape": "fact", "title": "1900 Paris: Women Compete for the First Time", "body": "Athens 1896 was men-only. Women first competed at the **1900 Paris Games**, where **22 female athletes** took part in events including tennis, golf, sailing, croquet and equestrian.", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-1900", "women" ], "lessonId": "lesson-1", "studyGuideAnchor": "pierre-de-coubertin-athens-1896-revival", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1900 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-017" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "1900 Paris Olympics women athletes", "alt": "A historical scene from the 1900 Paris Olympics, the first Games to include women.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A historical scene from the 1900 Paris Olympics, the first Games to include women. 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During that race he reached an instantaneous peak speed of **27.78 mph** β€” a velocity no human has been measured exceeding on foot. Across his Olympic career, spanning Beijing 2008 through Rio 2016, Bolt won **eight gold medals**.", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "usain-bolt", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "sprint-dominance-100m-200m-world-records", "source": { "label": "World Athletics: Usain Bolt Profile", "url": "https://worldathletics.org" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-021", "item-sum-025", "item-sum-030" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Usain Bolt", "alt": "Usain Bolt, holder of the men's 100m world record.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Usain Bolt, holder of the men's 100m world record. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Usain Bolt Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usain_Bolt", "subject": "Usain Bolt smiling and running in Jamaica's yellow/green kit; bib reads 'TDK / Bolt / berlin 2009', the race where he set the men's 100m world record cited in the card", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-usain-bolt-fastest-ever.webp" }, "uid": "smxgqqh6kjm" }, { "id": "item-sum-021", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "usain-bolt", "records" ], "source": { "label": "World Athletics: Usain Bolt Profile", "url": "https://worldathletics.org" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is Usain Bolt's standing men's 100m world record in seconds?" }, "value": 9.58, "unit": "seconds", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Usain Bolt set the unbroken 100-meter world record of 9.58 seconds at the 2009 World Championships in Berlin.", "uid": "39q8z41uauaqq" }, { "id": "fact-sot-flo-jo-olympic-record", "shape": "fact", "title": "Flo-Jo's Enduring Olympic Record", "body": "**Florence Griffith Joyner**'s women's 100m Olympic record of **10.62 seconds**, set at Seoul in **1988**, has never been broken. She had run even faster, 10.49 seconds, at the US Trials that year β€” a mark recognized as the world record β€” but her 10.62 remains the standing Olympic mark.", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "flo-jo", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "sprint-dominance-100m-200m-world-records", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Florence Griffith Joyner", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Griffith_Joyner" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-022" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Florence Griffith Joyner", "alt": "Florence Griffith Joyner, holder of the women's 100m Olympic record.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Florence Griffith Joyner, holder of the women's 100m Olympic record. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Florence Griffith Joyner Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Griffith_Joyner", "subject": "Studio-style portrait of Florence Griffith Joyner smiling, hair down, wearing a red/white/blue USA Olympic team jacket, standing in front of a bookshelf -- her Wikipedia lead image.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-flo-jo-olympic-record.webp" }, "uid": "qm7i91xhjc4t" }, { "id": "item-sum-022", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "flo-jo", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Florence Griffith Joyner", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Griffith_Joyner" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is Florence Griffith Joyner's standing women's 100-meter Olympic record set in 1988?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "10.62 seconds (set at Seoul 1988)", "short": "10.62 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10.75 seconds (championship time)", "short": "10.75 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10.88 seconds (qualifying round time)", "short": "10.88 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10.49 seconds (world record trials mark)", "short": "10.49 seconds" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Flo-Jo ran 10.49s at the 1988 US Trials (WR) and set the unbroken Olympic record of 10.62s at Seoul 1988.", "uid": "1uimbf816i8hxm" }, { "id": "fact-sot-jesse-owens-berlin-1936", "shape": "fact", "title": "Jesse Owens at Berlin 1936", "body": "**Jesse Owens** won **four gold medals** at the **1936 Berlin Olympics** β€” in the 100m, 200m, long jump, and 4x100m relay. His success at Games staged by Nazi Germany made his achievement inseparable from the politics surrounding them.", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "jesse-owens", "berlin-1936" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "sprint-dominance-100m-200m-world-records", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jesse Owens", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Owens" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-023" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Jesse Owens", "alt": "Jesse Owens, four-time gold medalist at the 1936 Berlin Olympics.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Jesse Owens, four-time gold medalist at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Jesse Owens Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Owens", "subject": "Close head-and-shoulders portrait of a young Black man in a dark tank top, laughing/smiling broadly -- the canonical Wikipedia lead photo of Jesse Owens, 1936.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-jesse-owens-berlin-1936.webp" }, "uid": "1ajhivf5oalif" }, { "id": "item-sum-023", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "jesse-owens", "berlin-1936" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jesse Owens", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Owens" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many gold medals did African American icon Jesse Owens win at the 1936 Berlin Olympics?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Five gold medals including team relays", "short": "Five gold medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Two gold medals in sprint events" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Three gold medals in individual events", "short": "Three gold medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Four gold medals across four events", "short": "Four gold medals" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Jesse Owens won 4 gold medals in Berlin: 100m, 200m, long jump, and 4x100m relay.", "uid": "gxxxr51mwvgcl" }, { "id": "item-sum-024", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "carl-lewis" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Carl Lewis", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Lewis" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Carl Lewis" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Matched Jesse Owens by winning four track and field golds at Los Angeles 1984", "short": "Four golds at LA 1984" }, "uid": "fcrzqy1cm7k8s" }, { "id": "item-sum-025", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "usain-bolt", "speed" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 100 metres", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_metres" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What was Usain Bolt's peak top speed in miles per hour during his 9.58s world record sprint?", "short": "Bolt's top speed in his 9.58s record (mph)" }, "value": 27.78, "unit": "mph", "tolerance": 0.2, "explanation": "Bolt reached an instantaneous top speed of 27.78 mph (44.72 km/h) between 60m and 80m in Berlin.", "uid": "1xstun41mltjyu" }, { "id": "fact-sot-noah-lyles-photo-finish", "shape": "fact", "title": "Noah Lyles' Photo-Finish Gold", "body": "Sprint margins can be invisible to the eye. **Noah Lyles** won the Paris 2024 Olympic 100m final by just **five thousandths of a second (0.005s)**, clocking 9.784 to Kishane Thompson's 9.789 in a razor-thin photo finish.", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "noah-lyles", "photo-finish" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "sprint-dominance-100m-200m-world-records", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-026" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Olympic sprint photo finish camera", "alt": "A photo-finish camera image used to decide close Olympic sprint races.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A photo-finish camera image used to decide close Olympic sprint races. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Photo finish Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_finish", "subject": "A black-and-white slit-scan photo-finish frame of a harness (trotting) race, showing three sulky drivers and horses numbered 4, 7 and 5, warped and stretched in the distinctive way finish-line strip cameras render motion β€” this is literally the lead image of Wikipedia's 'Photo finish' article.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-noah-lyles-photo-finish.webp" }, "uid": "1ybyreb27pdsf" }, { "id": "item-sum-026", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "noah-lyles", "photo-finish" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "By what margin did Noah Lyles win the Paris 2024 Olympic 100m gold medal in a photo finish?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Five thousandths of a second (0.005s)", "short": "0.005 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Four thousandths of a second (0.004s)", "short": "0.004 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Two thousandths of a second (0.002s)", "short": "0.002 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Three thousandths of a second (0.003s)", "short": "0.003 seconds" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Noah Lyles clocked 9.784 to defeat Kishane Thompson (9.789) by exactly five thousandths of a second.", "uid": "178q52ppbxun7" }, { "id": "fact-sot-donovan-bailey-lane-8", "shape": "fact", "title": "Donovan Bailey's 1996 World-Record Gold", "body": "Canada's **Donovan Bailey** won the **1996 Atlanta** Olympic 100m in a world-record 9.84 seconds running from **lane 6**.", "tags": [ "olympics", "atlanta-1996", "donovan-bailey" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "sprint-dominance-100m-200m-world-records", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Donovan Bailey", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donovan_Bailey" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-027" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Donovan Bailey", "alt": "Donovan Bailey, 1996 Olympic 100m champion.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Donovan Bailey, 1996 Olympic 100m champion. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "18450sy1j6yn0u" }, { "id": "item-sum-027", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "atlanta-1996", "donovan-bailey" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Donovan Bailey", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donovan_Bailey" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "From which lane did Canada's Donovan Bailey win the 1996 Atlanta 100m gold in world record time?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 5 positioned in the middle" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 1 positioned on the inside" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 4 positioned in the center" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 6" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Donovan Bailey ran 9.84 seconds to win gold from lane 6 at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.", "uid": "1ev0oohvuf1bb" }, { "id": "item-sum-028", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "elaine-thompson" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Elaine Thompson-Herah", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaine_Thompson-Herah" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Elaine Thompson-Herah" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Completed back-to-back 100m and 200m Olympic sprint double golds at Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020", "short": "Back-to-back sprint double golds" }, "uid": "eu3i8v17pjghd" }, { "id": "fact-sot-relay-exchange-zone-30m", "shape": "fact", "title": "The 30-Meter Relay Exchange Zone", "body": "Relay teams hand off the baton inside a measured **exchange zone**. Since a **2018** rule change merged the old acceleration zone with the passing zone, that zone has measured **30 meters**, giving sprinters more room to build speed before the handoff.", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "relays", "rules" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "sprint-dominance-100m-200m-world-records", "source": { "label": "World Athletics: Relay Rules", "url": "https://worldathletics.org" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-029" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "relay baton exchange sprinters", "alt": "Sprinters exchanging a relay baton on a track.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Sprinters exchanging a relay baton on a track. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Pexels Β· BOOM πŸ’₯ Photography Β· Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-passing-a-baton-12585936/", "subject": "Close-up against a bright sunlit blue sky of two forearms and hands transferring a wooden relay baton, sun flare centered in frame β€” a clear, unambiguous depiction of a baton hand-off.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-relay-exchange-zone-30m.webp" }, "uid": "k6dlsup0a662" }, { "id": "item-sum-029", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "relays", "rules" ], "source": { "label": "World Athletics: Relay Rules", "url": "https://worldathletics.org" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is the official length of the 4x100m relay exchange zone in meters since the 2018 rule change?", "short": "4x100m relay exchange zone since 2018 (m)" }, "value": 30, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "In 2018, the acceleration zone was merged with the passing zone, creating a 30-meter exchange zone.", "uid": "1ty0ipf1xd7291" }, { "id": "item-sum-030", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "usain-bolt", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Olympedia: Usain Bolt", "url": "https://www.olympedia.org" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total Olympic gold medals did Usain Bolt win in his career?" }, "value": 8, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Usain Bolt won 8 Olympic gold medals across Beijing 2008, London 2012, and Rio 2016.", "uid": "1jz8od0q6jwve" }, { "id": "fact-sot-edwin-moses-122-streak", "shape": "fact", "title": "Edwin Moses' Unbeaten Streak", "body": "**Edwin Moses** compiled the most extraordinary streak in track and field: **122 consecutive 400m hurdles races won** across nine years, nine months and nine days without a single defeat. The streak, run between 1977 and 1987, included his 1984 Olympic gold β€” the second of his two career titles, the first coming in 1976 before the streak began.", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "edwin-moses", "hurdles" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "hurdles-relays-mid-distance-milestones", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Edwin Moses", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Moses" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-031" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Edwin Moses", "alt": "Edwin Moses, holder of the longest winning streak in 400m hurdles history.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Edwin Moses, holder of the longest winning streak in 400m hurdles history. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Andy Miah from Liverpool, UK Β· CC BY-SA 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edwin_Moses_2008.jpg", "subject": "The same man from 0-2, waist-up, standing at a lectern with a microphone; a nameplate on the lectern reads 'AEI' and 'Edwin Moses', directly confirming identity in-frame (uncropped version of the same 2008 photo).", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-edwin-moses-122-streak.webp" }, "uid": "o9f7kf1aaaifd" }, { "id": "item-sum-031", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "edwin-moses", "hurdles" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Edwin Moses", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Moses" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many consecutive 400m hurdles races did Edwin Moses win during his 9-year undefeated streak?", "short": "Moses' consecutive 400m hurdles wins" }, "value": 122, "unit": "consecutive wins", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Edwin Moses won 122 consecutive 400m hurdles races between 1977 and 1987; the streak included his 1984 Olympic gold, one of two career titles (the other came in 1976, before the streak began).", "uid": "yl8b1o1fq4xc8" }, { "id": "item-sum-032", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "sydney-mclaughlin", "hurdles" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_McLaughlin-Levrone" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What world record time did Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone run to win 400m hurdles gold at Paris 2024?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "51.46 seconds (previous world mark)", "short": "51.46s" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "49.88 seconds (aspirational split)", "short": "49.88s" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "50.37 seconds (sixth world record)", "short": "50.37s" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "52.12 seconds (Olympic trials mark)", "short": "52.12s" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "McLaughlin-Levrone ran 50.37 seconds at Paris 2024, lowering the world record for the sixth time.", "uid": "dno9qltosbmx" }, { "id": "fact-sot-johnson-spikes-keino-grit", "shape": "fact", "title": "Golden Spikes and Grit: Johnson and Keino", "body": "Style and adversity have both left their mark on Olympic middle-distance running. **Michael Johnson** won the 200m/400m double at **Atlanta 1996** wearing custom **golden spikes**. Decades earlier, **Kip Keino** won the **1968 Mexico City** 1500m gold while suffering from a **severe gallbladder infection**, after running to the stadium on foot when his bus was caught in traffic.", "tags": [ "olympics", "atlanta-1996", "michael-johnson", "mexico-1968" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "hurdles-relays-mid-distance-milestones", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Michael Johnson (sprinter)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Johnson_(sprinter)" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-033", "item-sum-034" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Michael Johnson sprinter", "alt": "Michael Johnson, who won the 1996 200m/400m double in custom golden spikes.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Michael Johnson, who won the 1996 200m/400m double in custom golden spikes. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Michael Johnson (sprinter) Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Johnson_(sprinter)", "subject": "A bald, muscular middle-aged Black man wearing a light heather-grey quarter-zip top branded \"MJ Michael Johnson [Performance] Centre,\" standing in a gym β€” the Wikipedia lead image for the \"Michael Johnson (sprinter)\" article.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-johnson-spikes-keino-grit.webp" }, "uid": "102ciqg14x2s1k" }, { "id": "item-sum-033", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "atlanta-1996", "michael-johnson" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Michael Johnson (sprinter)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Johnson_(sprinter)" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What distinctive footwear did Michael Johnson wear when winning the 200m/400m double at Atlanta 1996?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Custom golden spikes manufactured for the Games", "short": "Golden spikes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Red-and-blue sprint shoes with leather uppers", "short": "Red-and-blue shoes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Silver racing flats with custom carbon soles", "short": "Silver racing flats" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Neon green racing spikes with ceramic pins", "short": "Neon green spikes" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Michael Johnson famously swept the 200m (19.32s WR) and 400m (43.49s OR) wearing custom golden spikes.", "uid": "a2uy4w14l6vss" }, { "id": "item-sum-034", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "mexico-1968", "kip-keino" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Kipchoge Keino", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipchoge_Keino" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What medical ailment did Kip Keino overcome when winning the 1968 Mexico City 1500m gold?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "A broken collarbone fracture from training", "short": "Broken collarbone" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A severe gallbladder infection causing pain", "short": "Gallbladder infection" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A sprained running ankle suffered in heats", "short": "Sprained ankle" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A torn hamstring muscle pulled in warmups", "short": "Torn hamstring" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Keino suffered from a severe gallbladder infection, jogged a mile to the track, and won the 1500m by 20 meters.", "uid": "dcjqvy12h5zxy" }, { "id": "fact-sot-wayde-van-niekerk-400m-record", "shape": "fact", "title": "Van Niekerk's Lane-8 World Record", "body": "**Wayde van Niekerk** ran the 400m in a world-record **43.03 seconds** from **lane 8** at Rio 2016, breaking Michael Johnson's long-standing mark. Running from the outermost lane, he was unable to see any rival for the entire race.", "tags": [ "olympics", "rio-2016", "wayde-van-niekerk", "400m" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "hurdles-relays-mid-distance-milestones", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Wayde van Niekerk", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayde_van_Niekerk" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-035" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Wayde van Niekerk", "alt": "Wayde van Niekerk, 400m world record holder.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Wayde van Niekerk, 400m world record holder. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Erik van Leeuwen, attribution: Erik van Leeuwen (bron: Wikipedia). Β· GFDL", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wayde_van_Niekerk_London_2017.jpg", "subject": "A male sprinter in a green-and-gold kit reading 'SOUTH AFRICA' with his name printed on the leg, standing at the blocks with arms spread in a pre-race ritual, flanked by rivals labeled 'Talbot' (lane 8) and 'Ellis Jr' (Barbados), under IAAF/TDK World Championships signage. File titled 'Wayde van Nie", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-wayde-van-niekerk-400m-record.webp" }, "uid": "9bfrji41g972" }, { "id": "item-sum-035", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "rio-2016", "wayde-van-niekerk", "400m" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Wayde van Niekerk", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayde_van_Niekerk" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What 400m world record time in seconds did Wayde van Niekerk run from lane 8 at Rio 2016?" }, "value": 43.03, "unit": "seconds", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Wayde van Niekerk ran 43.03 seconds from lane 8 at Rio 2016 to break Michael Johnson's world record.", "uid": "1nu09n7fh9jpt" }, { "id": "item-sum-036", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "tokyo-2020", "karsten-warholm", "hurdles" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Karsten Warholm", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karsten_Warholm" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What milestone did Karsten Warholm achieve by running 45.94s in the 400m hurdles at Tokyo 2020?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "First to run hurdles barefooted" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "First to win five hurdle titles" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "First man under 46 seconds", "short": "First under 46s" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "First man under 47 seconds mark" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Karsten Warholm became the first person in history to break the 46-second barrier in the 400m hurdles.", "uid": "6l28jn655b7j" }, { "id": "item-sum-037", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-2004", "hicham-el-guerrouj" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Hicham El Guerrouj", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicham_El_Guerrouj" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Hicham El Guerrouj" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Moroccan legend who achieved the 1500m and 5000m double gold at Athens 2004", "short": "1500m & 5000m double gold" }, "uid": "dxkrs61edw8hg" }, { "id": "fact-sot-joan-benoit-early-breakaway", "shape": "fact", "title": "Joan Benoit's Audacious Breakaway", "body": "**Joan Benoit** won the inaugural women's Olympic marathon in **1984** with a bold tactical gamble. She broke away from the field at **mile 3** β€” astonishingly early for a marathon β€” and held on in 90-degree heat to finish in 2:24:52.", "tags": [ "olympics", "los-angeles-1984", "joan-benoit", "marathon" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "hurdles-relays-mid-distance-milestones", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Joan Benoit", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Benoit" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-038" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Joan Benoit", "alt": "Joan Benoit, winner of the first women's Olympic marathon.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Joan Benoit, winner of the first women's Olympic marathon. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Goyk (talk) Β· CC BY-SA 3.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Joan_Benoit_2008.jpg", "subject": "The identical image again, this time sourced directly from the Wikimedia Commons file page 'File:Joan Benoit 2008.jpg' with an explicit CC BY-SA 3.0 licence and named uploader/attribution.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-joan-benoit-early-breakaway.webp" }, "uid": "12et6v5x7ihkt" }, { "id": "item-sum-038", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "los-angeles-1984", "joan-benoit", "marathon" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Joan Benoit", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Benoit" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At what point in the race did Joan Benoit break away to win the inaugural women's Olympic marathon in 1984?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Mile 20 entering the final grueling hill climb", "short": "Mile 20 hill climb" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mile 3 in an audacious early breakaway move", "short": "Mile 3 early break" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mile 25 approaching the stadium entry tunnel", "short": "Mile 25 tunnel" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mile 13 crossing the official halfway mark", "short": "Mile 13 halfway" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Joan Benoit broke away alone at mile 3 in 90-degree heat, finishing in 2:24:52 to win gold.", "uid": "mj610t1ky19gd" }, { "id": "item-sum-039", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "rome-1960", "abebe-bikila", "marathon" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Abebe Bikila", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abebe_Bikila" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Abebe Bikila" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ran barefoot across Rome's cobblestones to win the 1960 marathon in world record time", "short": "Barefoot marathon champion" }, "uid": "1eml2v47c39c2" }, { "id": "fact-sot-400m-hurdles-record-progression", "shape": "fact", "title": "The 400m Hurdles World Record Falls", "body": "The hurdles have fallen fast in the modern era. **Kevin Young** set a world record of **46.78 seconds** at Barcelona 1992 that stood for nearly 29 years, until **Karsten Warholm** became the **first man under 46 seconds**, running **45.94 seconds** at Tokyo 2020. On the women's side, **Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone** ran **50.37 seconds** to win at Paris 2024 β€” her **sixth** world record in the event.", "tags": [ "olympics", "track-and-field", "hurdles", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-2", "studyGuideAnchor": "hurdles-relays-mid-distance-milestones", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Kevin Young (hurdler)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Young_(hurdler)" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-040", "item-sum-036", "item-sum-032" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "400m hurdles race", "alt": "Athletes competing in a 400m hurdles race.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Athletes competing in a 400m hurdles race. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” 400 metres hurdles Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/400_metres_hurdles", "subject": "Wikipedia's lead photo for the '400 metres hurdles' article: a packed stadium, several runners strung out along a red track clearing blue hurdles, a live scoreboard reading 'S. SDIRI 4 FRA', sponsor banners (Fortum, Peugeot) in the stands.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-400m-hurdles-record-progression.webp" }, "uid": "z6yh46955kdc" }, { "id": "item-sum-040", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "barcelona-1992", "kevin-young", "hurdles" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Kevin Young (hurdler)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Young_(hurdler)" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What 400m hurdles world record time in seconds did Kevin Young set at Barcelona 1992?" }, "value": 46.78, "unit": "seconds", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Kevin Young ran 46.78 seconds to win gold at Barcelona 1992, a record that stood for nearly 29 years.", "uid": "whw8x81qqafr8" }, { "id": "fact-sot-long-jump-beamon-to-powell", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Long Jump: Beamon to Powell", "body": "At Mexico City 1968, **Bob Beamon** long-jumped **8.9 meters**, obliterating the existing world record by so much that the stadium's optical measuring device couldn't even reach his mark. The record stood for 23 years until **Mike Powell** jumped **8.95 meters** in 1991 to finally break it.", "tags": [ "olympics", "long-jump", "bob-beamon", "mike-powell" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "defying-gravity-high-jump-long-jump-pole-vault", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Bob Beamon", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Beamon" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-041", "item-sum-047" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Bob Beamon", "alt": "Bob Beamon, whose 1968 long jump world record stood for 23 years.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Bob Beamon, whose 1968 long jump world record stood for 23 years. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Unknown author Β· CC0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Beamon_1968.jpg", "subject": "Iconic black-and-white action shot: an athlete captured mid-air during a long jump, knees tucked to chest, arms outstretched, competitor bib '2', blurred stadium crowd behind; titled 'Bob Beamon 1968.jpg', CC0", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-long-jump-beamon-to-powell.webp" }, "uid": "1gqbkcr17bj9ex" }, { "id": "item-sum-041", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "mexico-1968", "bob-beamon", "long-jump" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Bob Beamon", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Beamon" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What was Bob Beamon's historic long jump world record distance in meters at Mexico City 1968?", "short": "Beamon's long jump record, Mexico City 1968 (m)" }, "value": 8.9, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Bob Beamon jumped 8.90 meters (29 ft 2.5 in), shattering the world record by 55 cm (21.7 in).", "uid": "1j2m1yl1r3o0yp" }, { "id": "fact-sot-fosbury-flop-sotomayor-record", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Fosbury Flop and the High Jump Record", "body": "At Mexico City 1968, **Dick Fosbury** won high jump gold using a technique nobody else was using: a **backward, head-first layout over the bar**. The 'Fosbury Flop' is now universal, and the men's world record β€” **Javier Sotomayor**'s **2.45 meters**, set in 1993 β€” has been set no other way.", "tags": [ "olympics", "high-jump", "dick-fosbury", "sotomayor" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "defying-gravity-high-jump-long-jump-pole-vault", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Dick Fosbury", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Fosbury" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-042", "item-sum-046" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Dick Fosbury", "alt": "Dick Fosbury, originator of the Fosbury Flop high jump technique.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Dick Fosbury, originator of the Fosbury Flop high jump technique. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Los Angeles Times Β· CC BY 4.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dick_Fosbury_at_the_1968_Olympic_trials.jpg", "subject": "Black-and-white action photograph of an athlete performing the backward, head-first Fosbury Flop over the bar in a packed Olympic stadium; Wikimedia Commons file explicitly titled 'Dick Fosbury at the 1968 Olympic trials.jpg', credited to the LA Times, CC BY 4.0.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-fosbury-flop-sotomayor-record.webp" }, "uid": "9l7bbi1rh5jjw" }, { "id": "item-sum-042", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "mexico-1968", "dick-fosbury", "high-jump" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Dick Fosbury", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Fosbury" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What revolutionary high-jump technique did Dick Fosbury introduce to win gold at Mexico City 1968?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "The western roll face-down clearance method", "short": "Western roll" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The classic straddle barrel roll technique", "short": "Straddle technique" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The scissors kick clearance over the crossbar", "short": "Scissors kick" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The backward head-first layout over the bar", "short": "Fosbury Flop" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Dick Fosbury introduced the 'Fosbury Flop', arching backward over the bar head-first, winning gold at 2.24m.", "uid": "16m0px0e79pvc" }, { "id": "item-sum-043", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "duplantis", "pole-vault" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Armand Duplantis", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_Duplantis" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What world record height in meters did Mondo Duplantis clear to win pole vault gold at Paris 2024?", "short": "Duplantis' winning pole vault height, Paris 2024 (m)" }, "value": 6.25, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Mondo Duplantis cleared 6.25 meters on his final attempt at Paris 2024 to break the world record.", "uid": "3j4cinhkwrcb" }, { "id": "item-sum-044", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "al-oerter", "discus", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Al Oerter", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Oerter" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Al Oerter" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "First athlete to win four consecutive Olympic golds in the same event (Discus: 1956–1968)", "short": "Four consecutive discus golds" }, "uid": "19yxfsm144i3gy" }, { "id": "fact-sot-pole-vault-bubka-to-duplantis", "shape": "fact", "title": "Pole Vault: Bubka to Duplantis", "body": "Pole vault has two defining names. **Sergey Bubka** became the first person to clear **6.00 meters**, doing so in Paris in **1985**. Nearly four decades later, **Mondo Duplantis** pushed the ceiling far past it, winning Paris 2024 gold at a world-record **6.25 meters**.", "tags": [ "olympics", "pole-vault", "sergey-bubka", "duplantis" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "defying-gravity-high-jump-long-jump-pole-vault", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Sergey Bubka", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Bubka" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-045", "item-sum-043" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Armand Duplantis", "alt": "Armand 'Mondo' Duplantis, pole vault world record holder.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Armand 'Mondo' Duplantis, pole vault world record holder. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Aeltegop Β· CC BY 4.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Armand_Duplantis_-_Olympic_Games_-_03.08.2024.jpg", "subject": "Wide stadium shot of a pole vaulter in yellow/blue Sweden kit clearing the bar, with a large 'PARIS 2024' banner and packed crowd visible, confirming the Paris 2024 Olympics setting.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-pole-vault-bubka-to-duplantis.webp" }, "uid": "1h8fhziiafgja" }, { "id": "item-sum-045", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "sergey-bubka", "pole-vault" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Sergey Bubka", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Bubka" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What historic barrier did pole vault legend Sergey Bubka become the first person to clear in 1985?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "5.80 meters height" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "6.00 meters height" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "6.20 meters height" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "5.50 meters height" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Sergey Bubka cleared 6.00 meters in Paris in 1985 and won Olympic gold at Seoul 1988.", "uid": "xbjjqcf5qdty" }, { "id": "item-sum-046", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "high-jump", "sotomayor", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Javier Sotomayor", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Sotomayor" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is Javier Sotomayor's standing men's high jump world record in meters?" }, "value": 2.45, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Javier Sotomayor set the world high jump record of 2.45 meters (8 ft 0.5 in) in 1993.", "uid": "1dmsomq11baku6" }, { "id": "item-sum-047", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "mike-powell", "long-jump", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Mike Powell (long jumper)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Powell_(long_jumper)" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What distance did Mike Powell jump in 1991 to break Bob Beamon's long jump world record?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "8.90 meters distance" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "8.92 meters distance" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "8.85 meters distance" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "8.95 meters distance" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Mike Powell jumped 8.95 meters (29 ft 4.25 in) at Tokyo 1991 to break Beamon's 23-year-old record.", "uid": "1opjpj1810qsd" }, { "id": "fact-sot-jonathan-edwards-triple-jump", "shape": "fact", "title": "Jonathan Edwards' Triple Jump Record", "body": "Jonathan Edwards' triple jump world record of 18.29 meters, set in 1995, has stood for three decades.", "tags": [ "olympics", "jonathan-edwards", "triple-jump", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "defying-gravity-high-jump-long-jump-pole-vault", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(triple_jumper)" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-048" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Jonathan Edwards triple jumper", "alt": "Jonathan Edwards, triple jump world record holder.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Jonathan Edwards, triple jump world record holder. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "12psfgj1nqr0f3" }, { "id": "item-sum-048", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "jonathan-edwards", "triple-jump", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jonathan Edwards (triple jumper)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(triple_jumper)" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is Jonathan Edwards' standing men's triple jump world record in meters?" }, "value": 18.29, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Jonathan Edwards set the triple jump world record of 18.29 meters (60 feet) in 1995.", "uid": "zvucoj1nx7eap" }, { "id": "item-sum-049", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "christian-taylor", "triple-jump" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Christian Taylor (athlete)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Taylor_(athlete)" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Christian Taylor" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "American triple jumper who won consecutive Olympic gold medals at London 2012 and Rio 2016", "short": "Two-time triple jump gold" }, "uid": "uc5tukc7lurc" }, { "id": "fact-sot-kostadinova-womens-high-jump", "shape": "fact", "title": "Kostadinova's Long-Standing High Jump Record", "body": "**Stefka Kostadinova** set the women's high jump world record of **2.09 meters** in Rome in **1987**. Nearly four decades later, it remains one of athletics' longest-standing marks in any event.", "tags": [ "olympics", "stefka-kostadinova", "high-jump", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "defying-gravity-high-jump-long-jump-pole-vault", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Stefka Kostadinova", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefka_Kostadinova" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-050" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Stefka Kostadinova", "alt": "Stefka Kostadinova, women's high jump world record holder.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Stefka Kostadinova, women's high jump world record holder. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Stefka Kostadinova Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefka_Kostadinova", "subject": "Wikipedia's infobox/lead photo for the Stefka Kostadinova article: a blonde woman in later-middle-age wearing an ornate floral-embroidered top, smiling at what appears to be an evening reception.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-kostadinova-womens-high-jump.webp" }, "uid": "mg53ydzgk007" }, { "id": "item-sum-050", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "stefka-kostadinova", "high-jump", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Stefka Kostadinova", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefka_Kostadinova" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What height in meters did Stefka Kostadinova jump in 1987 to set the long-standing women's record?", "short": "Kostadinova's 1987 high jump record (m)" }, "value": 2.09, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0.01, "explanation": "Stefka Kostadinova set the women's high jump world record of 2.09 meters in Rome in 1987.", "uid": "1dh6mwibr2nao" }, { "id": "fact-sot-jim-thorpe-greatest-athlete", "shape": "fact", "title": "'The Greatest Athlete in the World'", "body": "The decathlon champion carries an informal title as the world's best all-round athlete, a phrase that traces to **1912**. That year, **King Gustav V of Sweden** is said to have presented **Jim Thorpe** his Olympic decathlon trophy with the words: *'Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world'* β€” a widely repeated account that did not appear in print until decades later.", "tags": [ "olympics", "stockholm-1912", "jim-thorpe", "decathlon" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "decathlon-kings-historic-throws", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jim Thorpe", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-051" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Jim Thorpe", "alt": "Jim Thorpe, 1912 Olympic decathlon champion.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Jim Thorpe, 1912 Olympic decathlon champion. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Harris & Ewing Β· Public domain", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jim_Thorpe_1910s2.jpg", "subject": "Young man with tousled dark hair in a dark athletic jersey, looking directly at the camera against a plain light background; Wikimedia Commons file explicitly titled 'Jim Thorpe 1910s2.jpg', public domain, credited to Harris & Ewing β€” same image as index 2.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-jim-thorpe-greatest-athlete.webp" }, "uid": "14qcm7g152ez2k" }, { "id": "item-sum-051", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "stockholm-1912", "jim-thorpe", "decathlon" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jim Thorpe", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Thorpe" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In the widely told 1912 story, what is King Gustav V of Sweden said to have told Jim Thorpe?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "'You have conquered the stadium of gods today.'", "short": "Conquered stadium of gods" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "'No warrior in history has matched this strength.'", "short": "No warrior matched strength" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "'Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world.'", "short": "Greatest athlete in the world" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "'You are the undisputed master of all physical sports.'", "short": "Master of all physical sports" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The story β€” widely repeated, though historians doubt its exact wording β€” has Gustav V telling Thorpe: 'Sir, you are the greatest athlete in the world.'", "uid": "104aa951o0xwrz" }, { "id": "item-sum-052", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "ashton-eaton", "decathlon" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Ashton Eaton", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashton_Eaton" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ashton Eaton" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "American decathlete who won back-to-back Olympic golds in 2012 and 2016, scoring 8,893 points at Rio", "short": "Back-to-back decathlon golds" }, "uid": "xd6mkz14z5hap" }, { "id": "fact-sot-javelin-redesign-1986", "shape": "fact", "title": "Why the Javelin Was Redesigned", "body": "In **1986**, the men's javelin was redesigned with its **center of gravity moved 4 centimeters forward**. The change made the javelin dive nose-first earlier in flight, shortening throws after distances had begun threatening to clear the infield entirely.", "tags": [ "olympics", "javelin", "redesign", "safety" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "decathlon-kings-historic-throws", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Javelin throw", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javelin_throw" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-053" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "javelin lying on a track infield", "alt": "A javelin resting on the infield of an athletics track.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A javelin resting on the infield of an athletics track. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Pexels Β· Jim M. Β· Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/javelins-on-an-outdoor-track-field-in-spring-37277204/", "subject": "Several colorful javelins planted upright in short grass beside a soccer goal, with a red athletics running track visible in the background β€” real javelins at a track facility, though standing rather than lying flat and multiple rather than one.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-javelin-redesign-1986.webp" }, "uid": "10iir7w1tozmfi" }, { "id": "item-sum-053", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "javelin", "redesign", "safety" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Javelin throw", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javelin_throw" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many centimeters forward was the men's javelin center of gravity moved during the 1986 redesign?", "short": "Javelin centre of gravity shift, 1986 redesign (cm)" }, "value": 4, "unit": "centimeters", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "In 1986, the center of gravity was moved 4 cm forward to shorten throws and ensure tip-first landings.", "uid": "pftv5kqcpcr2" }, { "id": "fact-sot-shot-put-crouser-adams", "shape": "fact", "title": "Shot Put Dominance: Crouser and Adams", "body": "**Ryan Crouser** won **three consecutive** Olympic shot put gold medals, at Rio 2016, Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024. New Zealand's **Valerie Adams** built her own streak of longevity, medalling in the shot put across **four consecutive Olympic Games** β€” gold in 2008 and 2012, silver in 2016, and bronze in 2020.", "tags": [ "olympics", "shot-put", "ryan-crouser", "valerie-adams" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "decathlon-kings-historic-throws", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Ryan Crouser", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Crouser" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-054", "item-sum-060" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Ryan Crouser", "alt": "Ryan Crouser, three-time Olympic shot put champion.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Ryan Crouser, three-time Olympic shot put champion. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Ryan Crouser Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Crouser", "subject": "Ryan Crouser (Wikipedia-infobox photo), tight crop of his face/shoulder holding a yellow indoor shot put at his jaw, red beard, indoor arena", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-shot-put-crouser-adams.webp" }, "uid": "ae2egte2kxr5" }, { "id": "item-sum-054", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "ryan-crouser", "shot-put", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Ryan Crouser", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Crouser" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many consecutive Olympic shot put gold medals did Ryan Crouser win between 2016 and 2024?", "short": "Crouser's consecutive shot put golds, 2016–2024" }, "value": 3, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Ryan Crouser won three consecutive Olympic shot put gold medals: Rio 2016, Tokyo 2020, and Paris 2024.", "uid": "1bdwui19kxkcz" }, { "id": "item-sum-055", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "jan-zelezny", "javelin", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jan Zelezny", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_%C5%BDelezn%C3%BD" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Jan Zelezny" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Czech javelin thrower who won three consecutive Olympic golds (1992, 1996, 2000) and threw 98.48m WR", "short": "Three-time javelin gold" }, "uid": "1b2sf2a19xv8wk" }, { "id": "fact-sot-daley-thompson-back-to-back", "shape": "fact", "title": "Daley Thompson's Back-to-Back Golds", "body": "Britain's **Daley Thompson** won consecutive Olympic decathlon gold medals at **Moscow 1980** and **Los Angeles 1984**. Along the way, he built a fierce rivalry with West Germany's Jurgen Hingsen.", "tags": [ "olympics", "daley-thompson", "decathlon" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "decathlon-kings-historic-throws", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Daley Thompson", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daley_Thompson" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-056" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Daley Thompson", "alt": "Daley Thompson, back-to-back Olympic decathlon champion.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Daley Thompson, back-to-back Olympic decathlon champion. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "aedjlq1irmgmo" }, { "id": "item-sum-056", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "daley-thompson", "decathlon" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Daley Thompson", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daley_Thompson" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which British decathlete won consecutive Olympic gold medals at Moscow 1980 and Los Angeles 1984?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Steve Ovett (Olympic 800m gold medalist)", "short": "Steve Ovett" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sebastian Coe (middle-distance champion)", "short": "Sebastian Coe" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Daley Thompson (British athletics great of the 1980s)", "short": "Daley Thompson" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Steve Cram (mile world record holder)", "short": "Steve Cram" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Daley Thompson won gold in 1980 and 1984, establishing a fierce rivalry with West Germany's Jurgen Hingsen.", "uid": "10s27ek1kzt8gc" }, { "id": "fact-sot-decathlon-ten-events", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Decathlon's Ten Events", "body": "The **decathlon** comprises exactly **10** track and field events, contested across two consecutive days. Its champion carries an informal title as the world's best all-round athlete.", "tags": [ "olympics", "decathlon", "events" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "decathlon-kings-historic-throws", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Decathlon", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decathlon" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-057" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Olympic decathlon competition", "alt": "Athletes competing in an Olympic decathlon event.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Athletes competing in an Olympic decathlon event. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Combined events at the Olympics Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_events_at_the_Olympics", "subject": "Three male athletes mid-race on a rain-soaked track with reflections and bib numbers 616/432/445; Wikimedia caption reads 'Decathlon reflections, Olympic Games, London, 1948' β€” genuine Olympic decathlon competition action.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-decathlon-ten-events.webp" }, "uid": "a57l81y6smlt" }, { "id": "item-sum-057", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "decathlon", "events" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Decathlon", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decathlon" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total track and field events make up the Olympic decathlon?" }, "value": 10, "unit": "events", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "The decathlon consists of exactly 10 events contested across two consecutive days.", "uid": "1kndwni1jdvr2c" }, { "id": "fact-sot-jackie-joyner-kersee-heptathlon-record", "shape": "fact", "title": "Joyner-Kersee's Unbroken Heptathlon Record", "body": "**Jackie Joyner-Kersee** set the heptathlon world record of **7,291 points** at Seoul **1988**. Nearly four decades on, it remains unbroken.", "tags": [ "olympics", "jackie-joyner-kersee", "heptathlon", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-3", "studyGuideAnchor": "decathlon-kings-historic-throws", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jackie Joyner-Kersee", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Joyner-Kersee" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-058" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Jackie Joyner-Kersee", "alt": "Jackie Joyner-Kersee, heptathlon world record holder.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Jackie Joyner-Kersee, heptathlon world record holder. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Jackie Joyner-Kersee Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Joyner-Kersee", "subject": "A middle-aged Black woman with short dark hair and a plaid shirt waving and smiling from behind a green stadium railing under an overcast sky β€” this is the exact file currently used as Wikipedia's own infobox/lead photo for the 'Jackie Joyner-Kersee' article.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-jackie-joyner-kersee-heptathlon-record.webp" }, "uid": "avgj7f16avy5" }, { "id": "item-sum-058", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "jackie-joyner-kersee", "heptathlon", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jackie Joyner-Kersee", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Joyner-Kersee" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What world record point score did Jackie Joyner-Kersee set in the heptathlon at Seoul 1988?", "short": "Joyner-Kersee's heptathlon record, Seoul 1988 (pts)" }, "value": 7291, "unit": "points", "tolerance": 1, "explanation": "Jackie Joyner-Kersee scored 7,291 points at Seoul 1988, a world record that remains unbroken.", "uid": "1clcqg75jeevh" }, { "id": "item-sum-059", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "anita-wlodarczyk", "hammer-throw" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Anita Wlodarczyk", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_W%C5%82odarczyk" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Anita Wlodarczyk" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Polish hammer thrower who won three consecutive Olympic golds (2012, 2016, 2020) and threw 82.98m WR", "short": "Three-time hammer throw gold" }, "uid": "q65b747344ss" }, { "id": "item-sum-060", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "valerie-adams", "shot-put", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Valerie Adams", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerie_Adams" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Across how many consecutive Olympic Games did New Zealand's Valerie Adams win shot put medals?", "short": "Adams' consecutive Games with a shot put medal" }, "value": 4, "unit": "Olympic Games", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Valerie Adams won medals across 4 Games: Gold in 2008 & 2012, Silver in 2016, and Bronze in 2020.", "uid": "gbvxymnby2es" }, { "id": "fact-sot-michael-phelps-most-decorated", "shape": "fact", "title": "Michael Phelps, the Most Decorated Olympian", "body": "**Michael Phelps** finished his career with **28 Olympic medals**, more than any athlete in any sport. The centerpiece was **Beijing 2008**, where he won **eight gold medals** in a single Games, breaking the record of **seven** set by **Mark Spitz** at Munich 1972 β€” a Games in which Spitz had set a world record in every one of his seven events.", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "michael-phelps", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "michael-phelps-the-golden-era-of-aquatics", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Michael Phelps", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Phelps" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-061", "item-sum-062", "item-sum-072" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Michael Phelps", "alt": "Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian in history.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Michael Phelps, the most decorated Olympian in history. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Michael Phelps Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Phelps", "subject": "Michael Phelps, close-up head-and-shoulders, smiling, blue Team USA jacket, blue backdrop β€” the Wikipedia article's lead photo (Rio 2016 press event)", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-michael-phelps-most-decorated.webp" }, "uid": "1xw2jyl1cwzlb9" }, { "id": "item-sum-061", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "michael-phelps", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Michael Phelps", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Phelps" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total Olympic medals did Michael Phelps win across his career, the most in history?", "short": "Phelps' career Olympic medals" }, "value": 28, "unit": "medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Michael Phelps won 28 total Olympic medals (23 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze) from 2000 to 2016.", "uid": "86gjoxfxkuvd" }, { "id": "item-sum-062", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "beijing-2008", "michael-phelps", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 2008 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many gold medals did Michael Phelps win at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, breaking Mark Spitz's record?", "short": "Phelps' golds at Beijing 2008" }, "value": 8, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Phelps won 8 gold medals at Beijing 2008, breaking Spitz's 1972 record of 7.", "uid": "jhsednqt38n9" }, { "id": "fact-sot-phelps-cavic-hundredth-second", "shape": "fact", "title": "Phelps' Hundredth-of-a-Second Margin", "body": "Two of Phelps' eight Beijing 2008 golds came down to almost nothing. He beat **Milorad Cavic** in the 100m butterfly by just **0.01 seconds** β€” Phelps touched in 50.58 to Cavic's 50.59 β€” a margin confirmed only by the timing pads.", "tags": [ "olympics", "beijing-2008", "phelps-cavic", "butterfly" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "michael-phelps-the-golden-era-of-aquatics", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre butterfly", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metre_butterfly" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-063" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "swimming pool touchpad timing", "alt": "A swimming pool's electronic timing touchpad, used to decide razor-thin finishes.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A swimming pool's electronic timing touchpad, used to decide razor-thin finishes. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "1nla4tin69jv6" }, { "id": "item-sum-063", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "beijing-2008", "phelps-cavic", "butterfly" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre butterfly", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_100_metre_butterfly" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "By what margin in seconds did Michael Phelps defeat Milorad Cavic in the 2008 Beijing 100m butterfly?", "short": "Phelps' margin over Cavic, 2008 100m fly (s)" }, "value": 0.01, "unit": "seconds", "tolerance": 0.001, "explanation": "Phelps clocked 50.58 to Cavic's 50.59, winning by a hundredth of a second with a final half-stroke.", "uid": "1shjd8uos7zfg" }, { "id": "item-sum-064", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "beijing-2008", "jason-lezak", "relays" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Jason Lezak", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Lezak" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Jason Lezak" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Swam an impossible 46.06s anchor split to save Phelps' 8-gold quest in the 4x100m freestyle relay", "short": "46.06s relay anchor comeback" }, "uid": "9hr2641nh0168" }, { "id": "fact-sot-phelps-breaks-ancient-record", "shape": "fact", "title": "Phelps Breaks a 2,168-Year-Old Record", "body": "Michael Phelps' 13th individual Olympic gold medal broke a record that had stood for **2,168 years**. It belonged to **Leonidas of Rhodes**, an ancient runner who won **12 individual titles** across four Olympiads between 164 and 152 BC.", "tags": [ "olympics", "michael-phelps", "leonidas-of-rhodes", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "michael-phelps-the-golden-era-of-aquatics", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: List of multiple Olympic gold medalists", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multiple_Olympic_gold_medalists" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-065" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Michael Phelps", "alt": "Michael Phelps, whose 13th individual gold surpassed an ancient Olympic record.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Michael Phelps, whose 13th individual gold surpassed an ancient Olympic record. 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His golds came in the 50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, 100m butterfly, and two relays.", "tags": [ "olympics", "tokyo-2020", "caeleb-dressel", "medals" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "michael-phelps-the-golden-era-of-aquatics", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Caeleb Dressel", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caeleb_Dressel" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-067" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Caeleb Dressel", "alt": "Caeleb Dressel, five-time gold medalist at Tokyo 2020.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Caeleb Dressel, five-time gold medalist at Tokyo 2020. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Caeleb Dressel Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caeleb_Dressel", "subject": "Cropped poolside photo of a tattooed shirtless male swimmer in a blue 'GATOR' Speedo cap and mirrored goggles, arm extended, red-shirted officials blurred in background β€” Wikipedia's own lead image for the 'Caeleb Dressel' article", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-caeleb-dressel-tokyo-2020.webp" }, "uid": "1iq9tqpi3cv1d" }, { "id": "item-sum-067", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "tokyo-2020", "caeleb-dressel", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Caeleb Dressel", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caeleb_Dressel" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many gold medals did American swimmer Caeleb Dressel win at Tokyo 2020?" }, "value": 5, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Caeleb Dressel won 5 gold medals at Tokyo 2020: 50m free, 100m free, 100m fly, and two relays.", "uid": "1vkkym3gg9hr1" }, { "id": "item-sum-068", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "sydney-2000", "ian-thorpe" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Ian Thorpe", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Thorpe" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ian Thorpe" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Australian freestyle giant ('The Thorpedo') who won five career Olympic gold medals", "short": "Five-time swimming gold" }, "uid": "1rb90ra1r0fug8" }, { "id": "item-sum-069", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "alexander-popov", "freestyle" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Alexander Popov (swimmer)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Popov_(swimmer)" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Alexander Popov" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Russian sprinter who won back-to-back 50m/100m freestyle double golds in 1992 and 1996", "short": "Back-to-back sprint doubles" }, "uid": "1ufoy1xegls29" }, { "id": "fact-sot-olympic-pool-50-meters", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Olympic Pool's Standard Length", "body": "Every Olympic swimming record is set in a pool of the same standard size. It measures **50 meters** long and 25 meters wide, with 10 racing lanes.", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "pool-dimensions" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "michael-phelps-the-golden-era-of-aquatics", "source": { "label": "World Aquatics: Facility Rules", "url": "https://www.worldaquatics.com" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-070" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Olympic swimming pool lanes", "alt": "An Olympic-standard 50-meter swimming pool with racing lanes.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: An Olympic-standard 50-meter swimming pool with racing lanes. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "KeepActive Australia from Melbourne, VIC, Australia Β· CC BY-SA 4.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Starting_blocks_in_an_olympic_swimming_pool_with_lanes.jpg", "subject": "An indoor competition pool seen from deck level: white starting blocks along the near edge, and the water divided into multiple lanes by red lane-rope floats β€” a clean, direct match for 'Olympic pool with racing lanes.'", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-olympic-pool-50-meters.webp" }, "uid": "19b7e6hvyztyj" }, { "id": "item-sum-070", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "pool-dimensions" ], "source": { "label": "World Aquatics: Facility Rules", "url": "https://www.worldaquatics.com" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is the standard length in meters of an Olympic competition swimming pool?" }, "value": 50, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "An Olympic competition pool measures exactly 50 meters long and 25 meters wide with 10 lanes.", "uid": "10d8deuf758n0" }, { "id": "fact-sot-katie-ledecky-nine-golds", "shape": "fact", "title": "Katie Ledecky's Distance Dominance", "body": "**Katie Ledecky** has won **nine Olympic gold medals** across four Olympic Games. 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Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Mledecky Β· CC0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katie_Ledecky_at_the_2023_Golden_Goggle_Awards_(cropped).jpg", "subject": "Katie Ledecky, cropped chest-up portrait smiling in a gold sequined top at the 2023 Golden Goggle Awards - Wikimedia Commons file explicitly titled with her name, CC0-licensed, attributed to uploader Mledecky", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-katie-ledecky-nine-golds.webp" }, "uid": "rwoure1xs89ym" }, { "id": "item-sum-071", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "katie-ledecky", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Katie Ledecky", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie_Ledecky" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many career Olympic gold medals has Katie Ledecky won across her four Olympic appearances?", "short": "Ledecky's career Olympic golds" }, "value": 9, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Katie Ledecky has won 9 gold medals and 14 total medals, winning 800m freestyle gold at four straight Games.", "uid": "18okddxa2sd8t" }, { "id": "item-sum-072", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "munich-1972", "mark-spitz", "records" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Mark Spitz", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Spitz" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many gold medals did Mark Spitz win at Munich 1972, setting a world record in every event?", "short": "Spitz's golds at Munich 1972" }, "value": 7, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Mark Spitz won 7 gold medals with 7 world records at Munich 1972.", "uid": "q2g6edmrtmyd" }, { "id": "fact-sot-greg-louganis-concussion-comeback", "shape": "fact", "title": "Greg Louganis' Concussion Comeback", "body": "At **Seoul 1988**, diver **Greg Louganis** struck his head on the springboard during preliminaries, badly enough to need stitches. He returned to the competition and swept both the 3m springboard and 10m platform gold medals.", "tags": [ "olympics", "seoul-1988", "greg-louganis", "diving" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "freestyle-queens-stroke-innovators-diving-feats", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Greg Louganis", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Louganis" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-073" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Greg Louganis", "alt": "Greg Louganis, Olympic diving champion.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Greg Louganis, Olympic diving champion. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "psusbbym1ehr" }, { "id": "item-sum-073", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "seoul-1988", "greg-louganis", "diving" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Greg Louganis", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Louganis" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What injury did Greg Louganis overcome at Seoul 1988 before winning double diving gold?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "A broken collarbone from a severe entry", "short": "Broken collarbone" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A torn shoulder rotator cuff during warmups", "short": "Torn rotator cuff" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A concussion from hitting the springboard", "short": "Springboard concussion" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A sprained ankle slipping on the wet deck", "short": "Sprained ankle" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Louganis hit his head on the springboard, received stitches, and returned to sweep 3m and 10m golds.", "uid": "4ou2am15xz77i" }, { "id": "fact-sot-butterfly-stroke-origin", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Butterfly Stroke's Rule-Loophole Origin", "body": "The butterfly stroke exists because of a rules loophole. In the **1930s**, breaststroke swimmers realized the rules didn't forbid recovering their arms *over* the water rather than under it, and the resulting hybrid technique proved fast enough that swimming's governing body eventually split it into a stroke of its own, in 1952.", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "butterfly", "history" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "freestyle-queens-stroke-innovators-diving-feats", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Butterfly stroke", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_stroke" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-074" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "butterfly stroke swimmer", "alt": "A swimmer performing the butterfly stroke.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A swimmer performing the butterfly stroke. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Butterfly stroke Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_stroke", "subject": "Wikipedia's lead photo for the 'Butterfly stroke' article: close-up front view of a swimmer in a black Speedo cap and goggles, both arms swept wide in the recovery phase, mouth open lifting for a breath, mid-race splash β€” textbook butterfly stroke.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-butterfly-stroke-origin.webp" }, "uid": "19ee34vxak68z" }, { "id": "item-sum-074", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "butterfly", "history" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Butterfly stroke", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_stroke" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "From which swimming stroke did the butterfly stroke evolve as a loophole technique in the 1930s?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Sidestroke (asymmetrical scissor kick glide)", "short": "Sidestroke" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Breaststroke (recovering arms out of water)", "short": "Breaststroke" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Backstroke (inverted flutter kick motion)", "short": "Backstroke" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Freestyle (alternating overarm crawl stroke)", "short": "Freestyle" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Butterfly developed in the 1930s when swimmers recovered arms over the water in breaststroke; FINA split it in 1952.", "uid": "1b65ugn1nl0rbj" }, { "id": "item-sum-075", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "dawn-fraser", "swimming" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Dawn Fraser", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_Fraser" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Dawn Fraser" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Australian pioneer who became the first swimmer to win the same event (100m free) at three straight Games", "short": "Three straight 100m free golds" }, "uid": "pq2a7k3ki8p0" }, { "id": "fact-sot-summer-mcintosh-teen-prodigy", "shape": "fact", "title": "Summer McIntosh, Teenage Prodigy", "body": "Canadian swimmer **Summer McIntosh** won **three individual gold medals** and a silver at the **Paris 2024** Olympics. She achieved this at just **17 years old**.", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "summer-mcintosh", "age" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "freestyle-queens-stroke-innovators-diving-feats", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Summer McIntosh", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_McIntosh" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-076" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Summer McIntosh", "alt": "Summer McIntosh, teenage swimming star of the Paris 2024 Olympics.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Summer McIntosh, teenage swimming star of the Paris 2024 Olympics. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Unknown author Β· CC0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Summer_McIntosh_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympic_Games.webp", "subject": "The identical photograph (same file, same sha256 as index 0), served from its Wikimedia Commons file page, licensed CC0.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-summer-mcintosh-teen-prodigy.webp" }, "uid": "d1h3volix5cg" }, { "id": "item-sum-076", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "summer-mcintosh", "age" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Summer McIntosh", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_McIntosh" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How old was Canadian swimming prodigy Summer McIntosh when she won three individual golds at Paris 2024?", "short": "McIntosh's age at Paris 2024" }, "value": 17, "unit": "years old", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Summer McIntosh won three individual gold medals and one silver at Paris 2024 at just 17 years old.", "uid": "16br7n013f82a0" }, { "id": "fact-sot-matt-biondi-seoul-1988", "shape": "fact", "title": "Matt Biondi's Seven Medals at Seoul", "body": "American swimmer **Matt Biondi** won **seven medals** at the **1988 Seoul Olympics**. His haul included five gold, one silver, and one bronze.", "tags": [ "olympics", "seoul-1988", "matt-biondi", "medals" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "freestyle-queens-stroke-innovators-diving-feats", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Matt Biondi", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Biondi" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-077" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Matt Biondi", "alt": "Matt Biondi, seven-medal winner at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Matt Biondi, seven-medal winner at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "oinqrj6fubwb" }, { "id": "item-sum-077", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "seoul-1988", "matt-biondi", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Matt Biondi", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Biondi" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total medals did American swimmer Matt Biondi win at the 1988 Seoul Olympics?" }, "value": 7, "unit": "medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Matt Biondi won 7 medals (5 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze) at the 1988 Seoul Olympics.", "uid": "sg5q6t1u5abij" }, { "id": "item-sum-078", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "johnny-weissmuller", "hollywood" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Johnny Weissmuller", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Weissmuller" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which iconic Hollywood character did five-time Olympic swimming champion Johnny Weissmuller famously portray?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Hercules in ancient Hollywood epics", "short": "Hercules" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tarzan in twelve classic feature movies", "short": "Tarzan" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Robin Hood in early swashbuckler tales", "short": "Robin Hood" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Flash Gordon in vintage sci-fi serials", "short": "Flash Gordon" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Johnny Weissmuller won 5 Olympic golds (1924, 1928) before starring as Tarzan in 12 feature films.", "uid": "1g6ayf6r1qska" }, { "id": "fact-sot-diving-platform-height", "shape": "fact", "title": "The Height of the Olympic Diving Platform", "body": "Platform diving is contested from Olympic diving's highest point. The platform stands exactly **10 meters** above the water, roughly 33 feet.", "tags": [ "olympics", "diving", "platform-height" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "freestyle-queens-stroke-innovators-diving-feats", "source": { "label": "World Aquatics: Diving Rules", "url": "https://www.worldaquatics.com" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-079" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "10 meter diving platform", "alt": "A 10-meter Olympic diving platform above a pool.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A 10-meter Olympic diving platform above a pool. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Rosslieb (Openverse) Β· cc0 1.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=171293037", "subject": "A sunlit multi-tier diving tower at the Mission Viejo Dr. Ron O'Brien Dive Well (Marguerite Aquatics Complex) with divers standing on stacked platforms of increasing height directly above a competition pool", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-diving-platform-height.webp" }, "uid": "b8qxz510s0e17" }, { "id": "item-sum-079", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "diving", "platform-height" ], "source": { "label": "World Aquatics: Diving Rules", "url": "https://www.worldaquatics.com" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is the height in meters of the highest Olympic diving platform?" }, "value": 10, "unit": "meters", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "The Olympic platform diving event is contested from a height of exactly 10 meters (approx. 33 feet).", "uid": "151wyy619lrd1s" }, { "id": "fact-sot-synchronized-diving-debut", "shape": "fact", "title": "Synchronized Diving's Olympic Debut", "body": "**Synchronized diving** joined the Olympic program at the **2000 Sydney Games**. It was contested in both the 3m springboard and 10m platform events.", "tags": [ "olympics", "sydney-2000", "synchronized-diving" ], "lessonId": "lesson-4", "studyGuideAnchor": "freestyle-queens-stroke-innovators-diving-feats", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Diving at the Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Summer_Olympics" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-080" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "synchronized diving pair", "alt": "A pair of divers competing in synchronized diving.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A pair of divers competing in synchronized diving. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Javid Nikpour / Tasnimnews Β· CC BY 4.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diving_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_synchronized_10_metre_platform_3.jpg", "subject": "Two divers in a mirrored tucked somersault mid-air, red swimsuits, with a 'Rio 2016' banner and Olympic rings clearly visible behind them β€” sharp, well-composed, unambiguous synchronized-diving pair.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-synchronized-diving-debut.webp" }, "uid": "1vtpwqb1kowxph" }, { "id": "item-sum-080", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "sydney-2000", "synchronized-diving" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Diving at the Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_at_the_Summer_Olympics" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At which Olympic Games was synchronized diving introduced to the official program?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "2000 Sydney Olympic Games" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1992 Barcelona Olympic Games" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1996 Atlanta Olympic Games" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2004 Athens Olympic Games" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Synchronized diving debuted at the 2000 Sydney Games in both 3m springboard and 10m platform events.", "uid": "1deedak1c44f22" }, { "id": "fact-sot-nadia-comaneci-perfect-10", "shape": "fact", "title": "Nadia Comaneci's Perfect 10", "body": "At Montreal **1976**, **Nadia Comaneci** scored gymnastics' first-ever perfect **10.0** β€” but the scoreboard displayed **1.00**, because its designers had built it with only three digits, never imagining a perfect score was possible. She went on to earn **seven** perfect tens at those Games, winning three gold medals at age 14.", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "nadia-comaneci", "perfect-10" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "artistic-gymnastics-perfect-10s-simone-biles", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Nadia Comaneci", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-081", "item-sum-082" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Nadia Comaneci", "alt": "Nadia Comaneci, first gymnast to score a perfect 10 at the Olympics.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Nadia Comaneci, first gymnast to score a perfect 10 at the Olympics. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Unknown (Comitetul Olimpic si Sportiv Roman) Β· Public domain", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nadia_Com%C4%83neci_2.jpg", "subject": "Black-and-white action photo of a young gymnast with the same dark bob haircut performing a leaping/split move on a balance beam in front of a large seated arena crowd; Wikimedia Commons title \"Nadia ComΔƒneci 2.jpg\", public domain, same Romanian Olympic Committee attribution as index 4/5.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-nadia-comaneci-perfect-10.webp" }, "uid": "8jd93j1orb8qx" }, { "id": "item-sum-081", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "nadia-comaneci", "perfect-10" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Nadia Comaneci", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Com%C4%83neci" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What score was displayed on the scoreboard when Nadia Comaneci earned the first perfect 10.0 in 1976?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "9.99 because 10.0 was officially capped", "short": "9.99 maximum" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1.00 due to three-digit display limits", "short": "1.00 on scoreboard" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "0.00 as an unprogrammed computer glitch", "short": "0.00 error code" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10.0 flashing on an upgraded scoreboard", "short": "10.0 flashing" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Omega scoreboards had only three digits (e.g. 9.95), forcing officials to display 10.0 as '1.00'.", "uid": "1joz993lg87nf" }, { "id": "item-sum-082", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "nadia-comaneci", "scores" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total perfect 10.0 scores did Nadia Comaneci earn during the 1976 Montreal Olympics?", "short": "Comaneci's perfect 10.0s at Montreal 1976" }, "value": 7, "unit": "perfect tens", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Nadia Comaneci earned seven perfect 10.0 scores during Montreal 1976, winning three gold medals at age 14.", "uid": "1s0yxbj11qkls7" }, { "id": "item-sum-083", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "mary-lou-retton" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Mary Lou Retton", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Lou_Retton" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Mary Lou Retton" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "First American woman to win Olympic individual all-around gymnastics gold at Los Angeles 1984", "short": "First US all-around gold" }, "uid": "1prg1rn1z0s2jp" }, { "id": "fact-sot-kerri-strug-injured-vault", "shape": "fact", "title": "Kerri Strug's Vault on an Injured Ankle", "body": "At **Atlanta 1996**, **Kerri Strug** stuck her final vault landing on a **severely sprained ankle with torn ligaments** to secure the American team's gold medal. She then had to be carried off the competition floor.", "tags": [ "olympics", "atlanta-1996", "kerri-strug", "team-gold" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "artistic-gymnastics-perfect-10s-simone-biles", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Kerri Strug", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerri_Strug" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-084" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Kerri Strug", "alt": "Kerri Strug, whose injured-ankle vault secured USA team gold in 1996.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Kerri Strug, whose injured-ankle vault secured USA team gold in 1996. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "ytb1ha1rxoey" }, { "id": "item-sum-084", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "atlanta-1996", "kerri-strug", "team-gold" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Kerri Strug", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerri_Strug" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What injury did Kerri Strug endure while sticking her final vault to win team gold in 1996?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "A torn knee meniscus tendon on the mat", "short": "Torn meniscus" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A fractured right wrist bone in warmups", "short": "Fractured wrist" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A severely sprained ankle with torn ligaments", "short": "Sprained ankle" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A dislocated shoulder joint from tumbling", "short": "Dislocated shoulder" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Kerri Strug vaulted on a severely injured ankle, stuck the landing on one leg, and secured USA team gold.", "uid": "uwug031bpk3ub" }, { "id": "fact-sot-simone-biles-most-decorated-gymnast", "shape": "fact", "title": "Simone Biles: Modern Gymnastics' Defining Star", "body": "**Simone Biles** holds **11 Olympic medals**. She also has **five eponymous skills** officially named after her in the FIG Code of Points β€” elements so difficult that they carry her name because she was the first to land them in competition.", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "simone-biles", "eponymous-skills" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "artistic-gymnastics-perfect-10s-simone-biles", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Simone Biles", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Biles" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-085", "item-sum-086" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Simone Biles", "alt": "Simone Biles, the most decorated gymnast in Olympic history.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Simone Biles, the most decorated gymnast in Olympic history. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "AgΓͺncia Brasil Fotografias Β· CC BY 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simone_Biles_at_the_2016_Olympics_all-around_gold_medal_podium_(28262782114).jpg", "subject": "A smiling young woman in a navy/red Team USA warm-up jacket waving to the crowd, wearing a gold medal on a green Rio 2016 ribbon; Commons file explicitly titled as Simone Biles on the 2016 all-around gold-medal podium.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-simone-biles-most-decorated-gymnast.webp" }, "uid": "2iw9319aah1p" }, { "id": "item-sum-085", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "simone-biles", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Simone Biles", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Biles" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total Olympic medals has Simone Biles won in her legendary gymnastics career?" }, "value": 11, "unit": "medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Simone Biles has won 11 Olympic medals (7 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze) and 30 World Championship medals.", "uid": "9hoous1wpeh5m" }, { "id": "item-sum-086", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "simone-biles", "eponymous-skills" ], "source": { "label": "FIG: Eponymous Skills", "url": "https://www.gymnastics.sport" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many eponymous skills are officially named after Simone Biles in the FIG Code of Points?", "short": "Skills named after Biles in the FIG Code" }, "value": 5, "unit": "eponymous skills", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Biles has 5 eponymous skills: two on floor, two on vault (including Yurchenko double pike), and one on beam.", "uid": "fsojmzvssv7t" }, { "id": "fact-sot-gymnastics-scoring-since-2006", "shape": "fact", "title": "Gymnastics Scoring Since 2006", "body": "Olympic gymnastics scoring changed fundamentally in **2006**, when the sport's governing body abolished the old **10.0 ceiling**. In its place came an **open-ended score** combining a Difficulty (D-score) with a 10.0-based Execution (E-score) β€” a system designed precisely so that routines of ever-rising difficulty could still be ranked.", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "scoring-systems" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "artistic-gymnastics-perfect-10s-simone-biles", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-087" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "gymnastics judges scoreboard", "alt": "A gymnastics scoreboard displaying difficulty and execution scores.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A gymnastics scoreboard displaying difficulty and execution scores. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Balance beam Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_beam", "subject": "Black-and-white photo of a gymnast performing on the balance beam, with a real judges' scoreboard visible below listing competitor names, countries and scores (e.g. 'SILIVAS Daniela ROM', '19.050') β€” a genuine gymnastics judging scoreboard, pre-2006 style (single total scores, no D/E split).", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-gymnastics-scoring-since-2006.webp" }, "uid": "1dzkx7fw6aov" }, { "id": "item-sum-087", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "scoring-systems" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Points_(artistic_gymnastics)" }, "prompt": "Which characterizes Olympic gymnastics scoring since 2006, rather than the classic system?", "correct": { "caption": "An open-ended score combining Difficulty (D-score) with a 10.0 Execution base (E-score)" }, "incorrect": { "caption": "A single closed 10.0 maximum ceiling with deductions subtracted from a perfect total" }, "explanation": "In 2006, the FIG abolished the 10.0 ceiling for an open-ended Difficulty + Execution scoring system.", "uid": "1dvr4jd1crysuh" }, { "id": "item-sum-088", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "london-2012", "gabby-douglas" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Gabby Douglas", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabby_Douglas" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Gabby Douglas" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "First Black gymnast in Olympic history to win the individual all-around gold medal at London 2012", "short": "First Black all-around gold" }, "uid": "13029gl1axxcj7" }, { "id": "fact-sot-vitaly-scherbo-six-golds", "shape": "fact", "title": "Vitaly Scherbo's Six Golds in One Games", "body": "Vitaly Scherbo won six gold medals at the Barcelona 1992 Olympics. Four of them came in a single day.", "tags": [ "olympics", "barcelona-1992", "vitaly-scherbo", "golds" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "artistic-gymnastics-perfect-10s-simone-biles", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Vitaly Scherbo", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Scherbo" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-089" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Vitaly Scherbo", "alt": "Vitaly Scherbo, six-time gold medalist at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Vitaly Scherbo, six-time gold medalist at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "ffpchaqw9w8q" }, { "id": "item-sum-089", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "barcelona-1992", "vitaly-scherbo", "golds" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Vitaly Scherbo", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Scherbo" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many gold medals did Vitaly Scherbo win at Barcelona 1992, winning four in a single day?", "short": "Scherbo's golds at Barcelona 1992" }, "value": 6, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Vitaly Scherbo won 6 gold medals at Barcelona 1992, including 4 individual golds in one afternoon.", "uid": "uftkwv1biy3i7" }, { "id": "item-sum-090", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "kohei-uchimura" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Kohei Uchimura", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dhei_Uchimura" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Kohei Uchimura" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Japanese gymnastics virtuoso ('King Kohei') who won back-to-back Olympic all-around titles in 2012 and 2016", "short": "Back-to-back all-around golds" }, "uid": "y2rnky1s4p62g" }, { "id": "fact-sot-dream-team-dominance", "shape": "fact", "title": "The 1992 Dream Team's Dominance", "body": "The **1992 USA 'Dream Team'** won its eight games at Barcelona by an average margin of **43.8 points**. Head coach **Chuck Daly** called **zero timeouts** across the entire tournament β€” dominance so total he never needed one.", "tags": [ "olympics", "1992-dream-team", "basketball", "chuck-daly" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "olympic-basketball-the-1992-dream-team-showdowns", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_United_States_men%27s_Olympic_basketball_team" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-091", "item-sum-092" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "1992 USA Dream Team basketball", "alt": "The 1992 United States men's Olympic 'Dream Team' basketball squad.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: The 1992 United States men's Olympic 'Dream Team' basketball squad. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Ken Hackman, U.S. Air Force Β· Public domain", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dream_Team_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics.JPEG", "subject": "A period color photograph of a USA Basketball player (#5, David Robinson) shooting a free throw in a dark USA jersey, with Charles Barkley (#14, name visible on jersey back) and another USA player nearby; the court reads 'Barce[lona]' and shows the Olympic rings β€” the actual 1992 Dream Team at the B", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-dream-team-dominance.webp" }, "uid": "1ldkwu6iaj52" }, { "id": "item-sum-091", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "1992-dream-team", "basketball", "margin" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_United_States_men%27s_Olympic_basketball_team" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What was the average margin of victory in points for the 1992 USA 'Dream Team' at Barcelona?", "short": "Dream Team's average margin, Barcelona 1992 (pts)" }, "value": 43.8, "unit": "points", "tolerance": 0.2, "explanation": "The 1992 Dream Team dominated their 8 Olympic games by an average margin of 43.8 points.", "uid": "19lxjb51k0bg9h" }, { "id": "item-sum-092", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "1992-dream-team", "chuck-daly", "timeouts" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Chuck Daly", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Daly" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many timeouts did head coach Chuck Daly call during the Dream Team's entire 1992 Olympic tournament?", "short": "Timeouts Daly called in the 1992 tournament" }, "value": 0, "unit": "timeouts", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Chuck Daly famously never called a single timeout during the entire 8-game 1992 tournament.", "uid": "v0dx6ftzeh0t" }, { "id": "fact-sot-munich-1972-final-and-vault", "shape": "fact", "title": "The 1972 Munich Final and the Refused Silvers", "body": "The **1972 Munich** men's basketball final remains the sport's most disputed Olympic result: after the final three seconds were replayed three times, the Soviet Union beat the USA **51-50**. The American players voted unanimously to refuse their silver medals, which remain stored in **a bank vault in Lausanne, Switzerland**, to this day.", "tags": [ "olympics", "munich-1972", "basketball", "silver-medals" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "olympic-basketball-the-1992-dream-team-showdowns", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1972 Olympic Men's Basketball Final", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Olympic_Men%27s_Basketball_Final" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-093", "item-sum-094" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "1972 Munich Olympics basketball", "alt": "A scene from the 1972 Munich Olympics, site of a disputed basketball final.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A scene from the 1972 Munich Olympics, site of a disputed basketball final. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "rhxudw1mmccq8" }, { "id": "item-sum-093", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "munich-1972", "usa-ussr", "basketball" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1972 Olympic Men's Basketball Final", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Olympic_Men%27s_Basketball_Final" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What was the final controversial score of the 1972 Munich men's basketball final between the USSR and USA?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "62-60 in favor of the Soviet Union team", "short": "62-60 USSR" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "55-54 in favor of the United States team", "short": "55-54 USA" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "51-50 in favor of the Soviet Union team", "short": "51-50 USSR" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "50-49 in favor of the United States team", "short": "50-49 USA" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "After three resets of the final 3 seconds, Alexander Belov scored at the buzzer for a 51-50 Soviet win.", "uid": "2pg6gakw7iyg" }, { "id": "item-sum-094", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "munich-1972", "silver-medals", "vault" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1972 Olympic Men's Basketball Final", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Olympic_Men%27s_Basketball_Final" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Where are the 1972 USA men's basketball silver medals stored after players refused to accept them?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "In the IOC headquarters executive boardroom", "short": "IOC boardroom" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "In the Naismith Memorial Hall of Fame", "short": "Basketball Hall of Fame" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "In the United States Olympic Museum display", "short": "US Olympic Museum" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "In a bank vault in Lausanne, Switzerland", "short": "Lausanne bank vault" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "The US team voted unanimously to refuse the silver medals, which remain stored in a Lausanne bank vault.", "uid": "16sty7wq40vns" }, { "id": "fact-sot-usa-women-basketball-dynasty", "shape": "fact", "title": "USA Women's Basketball's Golden Dynasty", "body": "The USA Women's Basketball team has been the most dominant program in Olympic sport: **eight consecutive gold medals** from **1996 to 2024**, with no Olympic loss since **1992**. **Diana Taurasi** won **six** of those eight golds β€” more than any basketball player in history, male or female.", "tags": [ "olympics", "usa-women-basketball", "diana-taurasi", "dynasty" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "olympic-basketball-the-1992-dream-team-showdowns", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: United States women's national basketball team", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_basketball_team" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-095", "item-sum-099" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Diana Taurasi", "alt": "Diana Taurasi, the winningest basketball player in Olympic history.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Diana Taurasi, the winningest basketball player in Olympic history. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Diana Taurasi Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Taurasi", "subject": "Wikipedia's lead photo for the 'Diana Taurasi' article: a woman with a freckled face and hair in a bun, wearing an orange-to-purple Phoenix Mercury jersey #3, mid-game torso/bust shot, sharp focus, crowd blurred behind her.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-usa-women-basketball-dynasty.webp" }, "uid": "vtyrbzy1khw1" }, { "id": "item-sum-095", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "usa-women-basketball", "dynasty", "gold-streak" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: United States women's national basketball team", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_basketball_team" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many consecutive Olympic gold medals did the USA Women's Basketball team win from 1996 to 2024?", "short": "USA women's basketball consecutive golds, 1996–2024" }, "value": 8, "unit": "consecutive golds", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "The USA Women's Basketball team won 8 consecutive gold medals (1996–2024) with a 61-game win streak.", "uid": "wfjxsrtc8ak9" }, { "id": "item-sum-096", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-2004", "manu-ginobili", "argentina" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Basketball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Manu Ginobili" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Led Argentina's Golden Generation to men's basketball gold at Athens 2004, upsetting Team USA", "short": "Athens 2004 basketball gold" }, "uid": "6kde7mns4tm" }, { "id": "fact-sot-steph-curry-paris-2024-clincher", "shape": "fact", "title": "Steph Curry's Closing Barrage", "body": "In the Paris 2024 gold-medal game against France, **Stephen Curry** sealed the win with a late shooting barrage. He sank **four three-pointers in the final three minutes** alone.", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "steph-curry", "basketball" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "olympic-basketball-the-1992-dream-team-showdowns", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Basketball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-097" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Stephen Curry basketball", "alt": "Stephen Curry, whose late three-pointers sealed Paris 2024 gold.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Stephen Curry, whose late three-pointers sealed Paris 2024 gold. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Stephen Curry Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Curry", "subject": "NBA player Stephen Curry, close-up, wearing a Team USA basketball jersey (#4, 'USA', American flag patch) on a teal-and-wood court -- Wikipedia's lead image for 'Stephen Curry, Olympic Games 2024'; the correct person in the correct Olympic context", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-steph-curry-paris-2024-clincher.webp" }, "uid": "11joge919isnop" }, { "id": "item-sum-097", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "paris-2024", "steph-curry", "basketball" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Basketball at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many three-pointers did Stephen Curry sink in the final three minutes to seal gold vs France in 2024?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Two three-pointers in the final stretch", "short": "Two threes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Three three-pointers in the clutch run", "short": "Three threes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Five three-pointers in the closing minutes", "short": "Five threes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Four three-pointers to close out the win", "short": "Four threes" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Curry went on a late shooting barrage, sinking 4 three-pointers in the final three minutes to beat France.", "uid": "dg8hn1gmz9xz" }, { "id": "fact-sot-oscar-schmidt-scoring-record", "shape": "fact", "title": "Oscar Schmidt's Scoring Record, No Medal", "body": "Brazil's **Oscar Schmidt** is the all-time leading scorer in Olympic basketball history, with **1,093 career points** across five Games between 1980 and 1996. He set that record without ever winning an Olympic medal.", "tags": [ "olympics", "oscar-schmidt", "basketball", "scoring-record" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "olympic-basketball-the-1992-dream-team-showdowns", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Oscar Schmidt", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Schmidt" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-098" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Oscar Schmidt basketball", "alt": "Oscar Schmidt, all-time leading scorer in Olympic basketball history.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Oscar Schmidt, all-time leading scorer in Olympic basketball history. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Marie Hippenmeyer Β· Public domain", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oscar-Schmidt-Banco-Bandeirantes.jpg", "subject": "A color action photo of a basketball game: a stocky, balding player wearing a white/green pinstriped jersey numbered 14 reading \"BANCO BANDEIRANTES,\" dribbling past a defender in a green uniform, arena crowd behind -- Wikimedia title names Oscar Schmidt and the jersey sponsor matches the title, cons", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-oscar-schmidt-scoring-record.webp" }, "uid": "1ik0ffrua0ayd" }, { "id": "item-sum-098", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "oscar-schmidt", "basketball", "scoring-record" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Oscar Schmidt", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Schmidt" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total career Olympic points did Brazil's Oscar Schmidt score across five Olympic Games?", "short": "Schmidt's career Olympic points" }, "value": 1093, "unit": "points", "tolerance": 1, "explanation": "Oscar Schmidt is the all-time leading Olympic scorer with 1,093 career points across 5 Games (1980–1996).", "uid": "cvopti1a6yzkg" }, { "id": "item-sum-099", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "diana-taurasi", "basketball", "medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Diana Taurasi", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Taurasi" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many Olympic gold medals has Diana Taurasi won, the most in basketball history?" }, "value": 6, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Diana Taurasi won 6 Olympic gold medals (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024).", "uid": "i00z0nk3rocd" }, { "id": "fact-sot-1936-berlin-basketball-rain", "shape": "fact", "title": "Basketball's Muddy Olympic Debut", "body": "Olympic basketball's debut was far from polished. The **1936 Berlin** final was played **outdoors on a clay court in heavy rain**, reducing the game to a low-scoring, mud-soaked 19-8 USA win over Canada.", "tags": [ "olympics", "berlin-1936", "basketball", "history" ], "lessonId": "lesson-5", "studyGuideAnchor": "olympic-basketball-the-1992-dream-team-showdowns", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-100" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "1936 Berlin Olympics basketball outdoor court", "alt": "An outdoor clay basketball court from the 1936 Berlin Olympics era.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: An outdoor clay basketball court from the 1936 Berlin Olympics era. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks." }, "uid": "pwwdyw1yvheyi" }, { "id": "item-sum-100", "shape": "mcqShort", "tags": [ "olympics", "berlin-1936", "basketball", "history" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Basketball at the 1936 Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Under what playing conditions was the inaugural 1936 Berlin Olympic basketball final contested?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "On an indoor hardwood court with balls", "short": "Indoor hardwood" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Inside a circus tent with canvas floors", "short": "Circus tent canvas" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "On an asphalt running track in high wind", "short": "Asphalt running track" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "On an outdoor clay court in heavy rain", "short": "Outdoor clay in rain" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "The 1936 final was played outdoors on clay in pouring rain, ending with the USA beating Canada 19-8.", "uid": "n7w63e1e98lm0" }, { "id": "fact-sot-muhammad-ali-rome-1960", "shape": "fact", "title": "Muhammad Ali's Olympic Gold at 18", "body": "**Cassius Clay** β€” later known as **Muhammad Ali** β€” won Olympic boxing gold in the light heavyweight division at **Rome 1960**. He was just **18 years old** at the time.", "tags": [ "olympics", "rome-1960", "muhammad-ali", "boxing" ], "lessonId": "lesson-6", "studyGuideAnchor": "combat-racquets-sand-discontinued-sports", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Muhammad Ali", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-101" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Muhammad Ali", "alt": "Muhammad Ali, Olympic boxing gold medalist at Rome 1960.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Muhammad Ali, Olympic boxing gold medalist at Rome 1960. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikipedia β€” Muhammad Ali Β· See Wikimedia Commons", "creditUrl": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali", "subject": "black-and-white head-and-shoulders studio portrait of a young Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) β€” the iconic Ira Rosenberg NYWTS photograph, used as Wikipedia's lead image for the Muhammad Ali article", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-muhammad-ali-rome-1960.webp" }, "uid": "1gltl431kuvqlv" }, { "id": "item-sum-101", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "rome-1960", "muhammad-ali", "boxing" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Muhammad Ali", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How old was Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) when he won Olympic boxing gold at Rome 1960?" }, "value": 18, "unit": "years old", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Cassius Clay was 18 years old when he won the light heavyweight Olympic gold medal in Rome in 1960.", "uid": "10pazzjheiso7" }, { "id": "item-sum-102", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "olympics", "sydney-2000", "rulon-gardner", "wrestling" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Rulon Gardner", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rulon_Gardner" }, "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Rulon Gardner" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "American wrestler who pulled off the 2000 upset over undefeated legend Aleksandr Karelin", "short": "2000 Karelin upset win" }, "uid": "1mv2z11dlx4eh" }, { "id": "fact-sot-mijain-lopez-five-golds", "shape": "fact", "title": "Mijain Lopez's Five Consecutive Golds", "body": "Cuba's **Mijain Lopez** won **five consecutive individual Olympic gold medals** in Greco-Roman wrestling, spanning 2008 to 2024 β€” more than any athlete in any individual Olympic event. He retired by leaving his wrestling shoes on the mat.", "tags": [ "olympics", "mijain-lopez", "wrestling", "records" ], "lessonId": "lesson-6", "studyGuideAnchor": "combat-racquets-sand-discontinued-sports", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Mijain Lopez", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mija%C3%ADn_L%C3%B3pez" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-103" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Mijain Lopez", "alt": "Mijain Lopez, five-time Olympic wrestling gold medalist.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Mijain Lopez, five-time Olympic wrestling gold medalist. 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The streak carried them to three straight gold medals.", "tags": [ "olympics", "beach-volleyball", "walsh-may", "match-streak" ], "lessonId": "lesson-6", "studyGuideAnchor": "combat-racquets-sand-discontinued-sports", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Misty May-Treanor", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misty_May-Treanor" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-106" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Kerri Walsh Jennings", "alt": "Kerri Walsh Jennings, part of an undefeated Olympic beach volleyball duo.", "subjectType": "person", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Kerri Walsh Jennings, part of an undefeated Olympic beach volleyball duo. Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "Wikimedia Commons β€” Kerri Walsh 2007.jpg Β· See Wikimedia Commons (per-file)", "creditUrl": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232666", "subject": "A blonde woman in a purple bikini and navy visor holding a Wilson volleyball on a beach-volleyball court with a crowd behind her; Wikidata's P18 image for Kerri Walsh Jennings (Q232666), sourced from Wikimedia Commons file 'Kerri Walsh 2007.jpg'.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-walsh-may-treanor-streak.webp" }, "uid": "60dgq54tr7dr" }, { "id": "item-sum-106", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "beach-volleyball", "walsh-may", "match-streak" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Misty May-Treanor", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misty_May-Treanor" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many consecutive Olympic matches did Kerri Walsh and Misty May-Treanor win across 2004–2012?", "short": "Walsh/May-Treanor consecutive wins, 2004–2012" }, "value": 21, "unit": "consecutive matches", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Walsh and May-Treanor compiled a spotless 21-0 Olympic match record, winning three consecutive gold medals.", "uid": "10oiocw1ccc0ew" }, { "id": "fact-sot-single-nation-dominance-table-tennis-archery", "shape": "fact", "title": "Single-Nation Dominance: Table Tennis and Archery", "body": "Two Olympic sports have been close to one-nation affairs. **China** has won **37 of the 42** gold medals contested in table tennis since the sport's 1988 debut. South Korea's women's archery team has been similarly untouchable, winning **10 consecutive team golds** from 1988 to 2024.", "tags": [ "olympics", "table-tennis", "china", "archery" ], "lessonId": "lesson-6", "studyGuideAnchor": "combat-racquets-sand-discontinued-sports", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Table tennis at the Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_Summer_Olympics" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-107", "item-sum-108" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Olympic table tennis match", "alt": "Players competing in an Olympic table tennis match.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: Players competing in an Olympic table tennis match. 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The actual winner, **Thomas Hicks**, was kept moving by his handlers with doses of **strychnine sulfate mixed with raw eggs and brandy** β€” a stimulant then legal, and very nearly fatal.", "tags": [ "olympics", "st-louis-1904", "marathon-chaos", "strychnine" ], "lessonId": "lesson-6", "studyGuideAnchor": "marathon-chaos-all-time-summer-pantheon", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_marathon" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-111", "item-sum-112" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "1904 St Louis Olympics marathon", "alt": "A historical scene from the chaotic 1904 St. Louis Olympic marathon.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A historical scene from the chaotic 1904 St. Louis Olympic marathon. 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A total of **147 official Olympic medals** were given in Architecture, Literature, Music, Painting and Sculpture between **1912 and 1948**.", "tags": [ "olympics", "art-competitions", "medals", "history" ], "lessonId": "lesson-6", "studyGuideAnchor": "marathon-chaos-all-time-summer-pantheon", "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Art competitions at the Summer Olympics", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_competitions_at_the_Summer_Olympics" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "item-sum-113" ], "illustration": { "kind": "photo", "imageSearchTerm": "Olympic art competition medal history", "alt": "A historical Olympic medal from the era when fine arts competitions were part of the Games.", "imagePrompt": "Documentary-style photograph: A historical Olympic medal from the era when fine arts competitions were part of the Games. 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Natural light, no readable text, no logos, no watermarks.", "credit": "David Jones Β· CC BY 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Olympic_women%27s_individual_all-around_artistic_gymnastics_medal_ceremony_(2).jpg", "subject": "Three women's artistic gymnastics medalists standing on the purple three-tier Olympic podium at the London 2012 Summer Games, shot from above, with an announcer at a lectern and Olympic rings on the riser.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sot-olympic-extremes-medals-ages.webp" }, "uid": "1qhfnjr1qyzr2p" }, { "id": "item-sum-116", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "usa", "all-time-medals", "gold-medals" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: All-time Olympic Games medal table", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-time_Olympic_Games_medal_table" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "The United States is the only nation to surpass how many all-time Summer Olympic gold medals?", "short": "All-time Summer golds only the US passed" }, "value": 1000, "unit": "gold medals", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "The United States leads all nations with more than 1,000 gold medals and over 2,600 total Summer medals.", "uid": "16h0gwm1kut1n0" }, { "id": "item-sum-117", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "antwerp-1920", "oscar-swahn", "oldest-medalist" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Oscar Swahn", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Swahn" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How old in years was Sweden's Oscar Swahn when he became the oldest medalist in Olympic sporting competition, in 1920?", "short": "Swahn's age as oldest medalist in Olympic sport, 1920" }, "value": 72, "unit": "years old", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Oscar Swahn won silver in shooting at Antwerp 1920 at age 72 years, 281 days β€” the oldest medalist in Olympic sporting competition (the art competitions' 1948 medalist John Copley, at 73, was older).", "uid": "1jdziv41iynx8" }, { "id": "item-sum-118", "shape": "numeric", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-1896", "dimitrios-loundras", "youngest-medalist" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Dimitrios Loundras", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrios_Loundras" }, "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How old in years was Greek gymnast Dimitrios Loundras when he won Olympic bronze at Athens 1896?", "short": "Loundras' age at his Athens 1896 bronze" }, "value": 10, "unit": "years old", "tolerance": 0, "explanation": "Dimitrios Loundras won team parallel bars bronze at Athens 1896 at age 10 years, 218 days, the youngest medalist.", "uid": "1ofu4ubml8p3x" }, { "id": "fact-sot-1980-moscow-boycott", "shape": "fact", "title": "The 1980 Moscow Boycott", "body": "**65 nations** joined a US-led boycott of the **1980 Moscow Olympics**. 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"fact-sum-096-d", "shape": "fact", "title": "Manu Ginobili", "body": "Manu Ginobili β€” Led Argentina's Golden Generation to men's basketball gold at Athens 2004, upsetting Team USA.", "tags": [ "olympics", "athens-2004", "manu-ginobili", "argentina" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Basketball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Manu Ginobili: led Argentina's Golden Generation to men's basketball gold at Athens 2004, upsetting Team USA.", "imageSearchTerm": "Manu Ginobili", "alt": "Manu Ginobili.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sum-096-d.webp", "credit": "Wikimedia Commons Β· CC BY 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manu_Ginobili,_San_Antonio_Spurs.jpg" }, "lessonId": "lesson-5", "uid": "tukc4sdwej0i" }, { "id": "fact-sum-102-d", "shape": "fact", "title": "Rulon Gardner", "body": "Rulon Gardner β€” American wrestler who pulled off the 2000 upset over undefeated legend Aleksandr Karelin.", "tags": [ "olympics", "sydney-2000", "rulon-gardner", "wrestling" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Rulon Gardner", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rulon_Gardner" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Rulon Gardner: american wrestler who pulled off the 2000 upset over undefeated legend Aleksandr Karelin.", "imageSearchTerm": "Rulon Gardner", "alt": "Rulon Gardner.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sum-102-d.webp", "credit": "Pexels Β· File:Rulon Gardner.jpg", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rulon_Gardner.jpg" }, "lessonId": "lesson-6", "uid": "103cpdgs0eip0" }, { "id": "fact-sum-104-d", "shape": "fact", "title": "Karch Kiraly", "body": "Karch Kiraly β€” Only player in Olympic history to win gold in both indoor volleyball (1984, 1988) and beach volleyball (1996).", "tags": [ "olympics", "karch-kiraly", "volleyball" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Karch Kiraly", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karch_Kiraly" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Karch Kiraly: only player in Olympic history to win gold in both indoor volleyball (1984, 1988) and beach volleyball (1996).", "imageSearchTerm": "Karch Kiraly", "alt": "Karch Kiraly.", "credit": "Wikimedia Commons Β· see source", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karch_Kiraly_cropped.jpg", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sum-104-d.webp" }, "lessonId": "lesson-6", "uid": "s0rm3s1wz9xcu" }, { "id": "fact-sum-105-d", "shape": "fact", "title": "Steffi Graf", "body": "Steffi Graf β€” Achieved the only Golden Grand Slam in tennis history by winning all 4 majors and Olympic gold in 1988.", "tags": [ "olympics", "seoul-1988", "steffi-graf", "tennis" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Steffi Graf", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffi_Graf" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Steffi Graf: achieved the only Golden Grand Slam in tennis history by winning all 4 majors and Olympic gold in 1988.", "imageSearchTerm": "Steffi Graf", "alt": "Steffi Graf.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sum-105-d.webp", "credit": "Wikimedia Commons Β· CC BY 3.0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Steffi_Graf_2005.jpg" }, "lessonId": "lesson-6", "uid": "15lf58jdwym5d" }, { "id": "fact-sum-114-d", "shape": "fact", "title": "Pierre de Coubertin", "body": "Pierre de Coubertin β€” Won an Olympic gold medal in literature at Stockholm 1912 for his poem 'Ode to Sport' under a pseudonym.", "tags": [ "olympics", "stockholm-1912", "coubertin", "literature-gold" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: Pierre de Coubertin", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Pierre de Coubertin: won an Olympic gold medal in literature at Stockholm 1912 for his poem 'Ode to Sport' under a pseudonym.", "imageSearchTerm": "Pierre de Coubertin", "alt": "Pierre de Coubertin." }, "lessonId": "lesson-6", "uid": "1gx674fk4da7b" }, { "id": "fact-sum-115-d", "shape": "fact", "title": "Antonio Rebollo", "body": "Antonio Rebollo β€” Paralympic archer who lit the 1992 Barcelona Olympic cauldron by shooting a flaming arrow over the rim.", "tags": [ "olympics", "barcelona-1992", "flaming-arrow", "antonio-rebollo" ], "source": { "label": "Wikipedia: 1992 Summer Olympics opening ceremony", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Antonio Rebollo: paralympic archer who lit the 1992 Barcelona Olympic cauldron by shooting a flaming arrow over the rim.", "imageSearchTerm": "Antonio Rebollo", "alt": "Antonio Rebollo.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/summer-olympic-trivia/images/fact-sum-115-d.webp", "credit": "Pexels Β· File:Antonio Rebollo 2017.jpg", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antonio_Rebollo_2017.jpg" }, "lessonId": "lesson-6", "uid": "128ncct1l3gqmj" }, { "id": "ot-anc-first-champion", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ancient-olympics", "stadion" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Who was the first Olympic champion recorded by name, winning the stadion race in 776 BC?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Milo of Croton" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Coroebus of Elis" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cynisca" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Spyridon Louis" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Coroebus of Elis, a baker, won the 776 BC stadion, the first recorded champion. Milo, Cynisca, and Louis were champions of later, different eras.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "qrsja11sprllj" }, { "id": "ot-anc-stadion-length", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ancient-olympics", "stadion" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Approximately how long was the ancient stadion race track that gave the event its name?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "400 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "192 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "42 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1500 meters" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The stadion track measured about 192 meters, giving both the sprint and the stadium their name.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "cwoddka9ksn" }, { "id": "ot-anc-pankration-rule", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ancient-olympics", "pankration" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which action was strictly forbidden in ancient pankration?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Strikes while an opponent was down" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Chokeholds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Eye-gouging" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Joint locks" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Pankration allowed nearly everything, including ground strikes, chokeholds, and joint locks β€” only biting and eye-gouging were strictly forbidden.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1ggdtfbqucofz" }, { "id": "ot-anc-timeline-order", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ancient-olympics", "timeline" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which of these ancient Olympic milestones happened earliest?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Theodosius bans the Games, 393 AD" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Coroebus wins the stadion, 776 BC" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Milo's first title, 540 BC" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cynisca's win, 396 BC" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Coroebus's 776 BC stadion win predates Milo's title run (540 BC), Cynisca's victory (396 BC), and the 393 AD ban.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "swnbehp3anu7" }, { "id": "ot-anc-olympiad-unit", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ancient-olympics", "olympiad" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A historian writes that a battle occurred 'in the third year of the 50th four-year cycle since the first Olympic Games.' What is this dating unit called?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "The Julian calendar" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The Roman consulship year" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The Olympiad (four-year cycle)" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The lunar calendar" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Greek writers dated events by the Olympiad, the four-year interval between festivals, not by a fixed calendar system.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1uzt9lj3a85t9" }, { "id": "ot-rev-sorbonne-venue", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "revival", "coubertin" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which venue hosted the 1894 congress where Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "The Louvre in Paris" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buckingham Palace in London" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The Sorbonne in Paris" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Panathenaic Stadium in Athens" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Coubertin's 1894 congress at the Sorbonne in Paris founded the IOC and set Athens as host of the first modern Games.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "7arrqt1f7uta7" }, { "id": "ot-rev-nations-count", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "revival", "athens-1896" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many nations took part in the inaugural 1896 Athens Olympics?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "40 nations" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "14 nations" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "22 nations" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "5 nations" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The 1896 Athens Games drew 14 competing nations, the smallest field of any modern Olympics.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "akc3p0aey8ri" }, { "id": "ot-rev-marathon-winner", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "revival", "marathon" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Who won the marathon at the 1896 Athens Games, becoming a national hero?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "James Connolly" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Charlotte Cooper" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Spyridon Louis" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Pierre de Coubertin" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Spyridon Louis, a Greek water-carrier and farmer, won the marathon on home soil, becoming a national hero overnight.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "pwrxqk1cfjcsk" }, { "id": "ot-rev-medal-1896", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "revival", "medals" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At the 1896 Athens Games, what did first-place finishers receive instead of a gold medal?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Bronze medal" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cash prize" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Silver medal" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Trophy cup" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Athens 1896 gave first-place finishers a silver medal, with bronze for second place β€” gold wasn't introduced until 1904.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1jnboj9nukphr" }, { "id": "ot-rev-gold-medal-games", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "revival", "medals" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In which Olympics were gold medals for first place introduced?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "1896 Athens" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1900 Paris" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1908 London" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1904 St. Louis" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Gold medals for first place debuted at the 1904 St. Louis Games, the third modern Olympics; Athens 1896 awarded silver instead.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "11oh1frjfd4xf" }, { "id": "ot-sum-sprint-wr-100m", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "sprints", "world-records" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is Usain Bolt's standing men's 100m world record time, set in 2009?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "9.58 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "9.69 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "9.63 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "9.72 seconds" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Bolt ran 9.58s at the 2009 Berlin World Championships, a mark still unbeaten. The other times are close but not the actual record.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "s7ipfayz8mfo" }, { "id": "ot-sum-sprint-peak-speed", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "sprints", "speed" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "During his 9.58s world record sprint, what peak speed did Usain Bolt reach?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "27.78 mph" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "23.35 mph" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "25.40 mph" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "30.30 mph" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Bolt's instantaneous peak speed of 27.78 mph in that race is the fastest ever measured for a human on foot.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "q3d28v1i70259" }, { "id": "ot-sum-sprint-bailey-lane", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "sprints", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Donovan Bailey won the 1996 Atlanta 100m in world-record time running from which lane?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 6" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 1" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 4" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lane 5" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Bailey set the world record from lane 6 at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "12q0r5p361w39" }, { "id": "ot-sum-sprint-four-golds-pair", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "sprints", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which pair of sprinters each won exactly four track and field golds at a single Olympics, 48 years apart?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Owens and Lewis" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Bolt and Lyles" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Bailey and M. Johnson" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Thompson-Herah and Flo-Jo" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Jesse Owens (Berlin 1936) and Carl Lewis (Los Angeles 1984) each won exactly four golds, matching feats 48 years apart.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "xpeeq7voh12j" }, { "id": "ot-sum-sprint-relay-zone", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "sprints", "relays" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Since the 2018 rule change, how long is the 4x100m relay exchange zone?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "30 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "20 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "40 meters" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The 2018 change folded the old acceleration zone into the passing zone, creating a single 30-meter exchange zone.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "16dtuni10riehe" }, { "id": "ot-sum-hurdle-moses-streak", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "hurdles", "streaks" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many consecutive 400m hurdles races did Edwin Moses win during his famous unbeaten streak?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "122" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "98" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "107" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "135" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Moses won 122 straight 400m hurdles races over nine years, nine months, and nine days without a defeat.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "ez2l7i1n8ny86" }, { "id": "ot-sum-hurdle-warholm-sub46", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "hurdles", "world-records" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Who became the first man to run the 400m hurdles under 46 seconds, clocking 45.94s at Tokyo 2020?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Karsten Warholm" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Kevin Young" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Edwin Moses" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Wayde van Niekerk" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Karsten Warholm broke the sub-46 barrier with 45.94 seconds at Tokyo 2020, surpassing Kevin Young's older record.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1spldusqsf8gs" }, { "id": "ot-sum-hurdle-vanniekerk-400m", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "mid-distance", "world-records" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What 400m world record time did Wayde van Niekerk run from lane 8 at Rio 2016?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "43.03 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "43.18 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "43.44 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "43.97 seconds" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Van Niekerk ran 43.03 seconds from the outermost lane, unable to see any rival for the entire race.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "mj1esk11566ia" }, { "id": "ot-sum-hurdle-keino-illness", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "mid-distance", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which Olympic champion won 1500m gold while suffering a severe gallbladder infection after running to the stadium on foot?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Kip Keino" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Michael Johnson" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Abebe Bikila" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Hicham El Guerrouj" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Kip Keino won the 1968 Mexico City 1500m despite the infection, having run to the stadium after his bus was stuck in traffic.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1o730vb9sudcz" }, { "id": "ot-sum-hurdle-young-wr", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "hurdles", "world-records" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What world record time did Kevin Young set in the 400m hurdles at Barcelona 1992?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "46.78 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "45.94 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "47.02 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "46.33 seconds" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Young's 46.78 seconds stood for nearly 29 years until Karsten Warholm broke it at Tokyo 2020.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "y9bpie8o093u" }, { "id": "ot-jumps-beamon", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "long-jump", "olympic-records", "1968" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What distance did Bob Beamon leap to set the world long jump record at Mexico City 1968?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "2.45 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "8.9 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "6.25 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "18.29 meters" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Beamon's 8.9m long jump obliterated the old record in 1968; 2.45m, 6.25m, and 18.29m are high jump, pole vault, and triple jump marks.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "37jr0ugym1bw" }, { "id": "ot-jumps-fosbury-athlete", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "high-jump", "technique", "1968" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which athlete pioneered the backward, head-first layout over the bar that revolutionized high jump at the 1968 Olympics?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Javier Sotomayor" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Dick Fosbury" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sergey Bubka" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mike Powell" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Dick Fosbury debuted this backward, head-first technique in 1968; Sotomayor and Powell set later high-jump/long-jump records, and Bubka is a pole vault great.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "rk7m4u78n9d2" }, { "id": "ot-jumps-bubka", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pole-vault", "world-record", "bubka" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Who became the first pole vaulter to clear 6.00 meters, in 1985?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Mondo Duplantis" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Dick Fosbury" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sergey Bubka" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Javier Sotomayor" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Bubka broke the 6-meter barrier in 1985; Duplantis later raised the world record to 6.25m, while Fosbury and Sotomayor are high jumpers.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "vfliz2kb235u" }, { "id": "ot-jumps-duplantis-height", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pole-vault", "duplantis", "paris-2024" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What world-record height did Mondo Duplantis clear to win pole vault gold at Paris 2024?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "6.00 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2.45 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "6.25 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "18.29 meters" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Duplantis vaulted 6.25m for gold and a world record; 6.00m was Bubka's 1985 milestone, 2.45m the high jump record, 18.29m the triple jump record.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "itmt4q17yy8uq" }, { "id": "ot-throws-decathlon-events", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "decathlon", "format", "events" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total track and field events make up the Olympic decathlon?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "7 events" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "12 events" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10 events" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "9 events" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The decathlon comprises 10 events across two days; the women's heptathlon (7 events) is the other multi-event discipline in the guide.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "pzfc6s1yy26oa" }, { "id": "ot-throws-javelin-redesign", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "javelin", "equipment-rules", "1986" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In the 1986 javelin redesign, how far forward was the center of gravity moved?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "10 centimeters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "4 centimeters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2 centimeters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "6 centimeters" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The 1986 redesign moved the javelin's center of gravity 4cm forward, making it dive earlier after throws threatened to clear the infield.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "dags2kke4wew" }, { "id": "ot-throws-thorpe-quote", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "jim-thorpe", "1912", "decathlon-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In the widely told 1912 story, which monarch is said to have called Jim Thorpe 'the greatest athlete in the world'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "King Edward VII of Britain" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "King Gustav V of Sweden" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "King Haakon VII of Norway" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The story credits King Gustav V of Sweden, who presented Thorpe's trophy in 1912. It is widely repeated, though its exact wording is disputed, and it is the source of the decathlon's 'world's greatest athlete' label.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "m7v1wj3g5k2h" }, { "id": "ot-throws-crouser-shotput", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "shot-put", "ryan-crouser", "olympic-dynasty" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which shot putter won three consecutive Olympic gold medals between 2016 and 2024?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Jan Zelezny" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ryan Crouser" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Anita Wlodarczyk" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Valerie Adams" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Ryan Crouser swept shot put gold at Rio, Tokyo, and Paris; Zelezny and Wlodarczyk won javelin/hammer streaks, and Adams medalled across four Games without three straight golds.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "fcvddy1loxrmc" }, { "id": "ot-throws-thompson-backtoback", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "decathlon", "daley-thompson", "back-to-back-golds" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which decathlete won back-to-back Olympic golds at Moscow 1980 and Los Angeles 1984?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ashton Eaton" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Daley Thompson" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Jim Thorpe" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Rafer Johnson" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Daley Thompson won consecutive decathlon golds in 1980 and 1984; Ashton Eaton later repeated the feat in 2012 and 2016, while Thorpe and Johnson each won a single decathlon gold.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "190gpf2ty3o1a" }, { "id": "ot-phelps-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "phelps", "medals" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many total Olympic medals did Michael Phelps win across his career, the most of any athlete?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "28 medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "23 medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "19 medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "25 medals" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Phelps retired with 28 Olympic medals in total, more than any athlete in any sport.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "16a0mvyc33nn0" }, { "id": "ot-phelps-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "phelps", "beijing-2008" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many gold medals did Michael Phelps win at the 2008 Beijing Olympics?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "8 gold medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "7 gold medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "6 gold medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "9 gold medals" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Phelps won 8 golds in a single Games at Beijing 2008, breaking Mark Spitz's prior record of 7.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1qsm85s1pvw9ms" }, { "id": "ot-phelps-3", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "phelps", "mark-spitz" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Whose single-Games gold medal record did Phelps break at the 2008 Beijing Olympics?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Mark Spitz" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ian Thorpe" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Matt Biondi" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Caeleb Dressel" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Mark Spitz had won 7 golds at Munich 1972; Phelps broke that record with 8 golds in Beijing.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "12mjl711ky3mg5" }, { "id": "ot-phelps-4", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "phelps", "cavic" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "By what margin did Michael Phelps out-touch Milorad Cavic in the 2008 100m butterfly final?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "0.01 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "0.04 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "0.08 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "0.13 seconds" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Phelps won by just 0.01 seconds, a margin confirmed only by the timing pads.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1meev641tkiylo" }, { "id": "ot-phelps-5", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "phelps", "beijing-2008", "medals" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which of these does NOT describe Michael Phelps' Beijing 2008 achievement specifically?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "28 career medals total" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "8 golds in one Games" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Broke Spitz's 7-gold record" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "0.01s win over Cavic" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "28 is Phelps' full career medal count, not a Beijing-specific figure β€” his Beijing 2008 haul was 8 golds, breaking Spitz's 7-gold record by 0.01 seconds over Cavic.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1fwzy2d1lm1dwt" }, { "id": "ot-aquatics-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "dawn-fraser", "win-streak" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which swimmer became the first to win the same individual event at three straight Olympic Games?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Dawn Fraser" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Katie Ledecky" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Summer McIntosh" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Michael Phelps" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Dawn Fraser won the 100m freestyle at three consecutive Games, a historic Olympic swimming streak.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "11qzuc71psz8e1" }, { "id": "ot-aquatics-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "butterfly", "stroke-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which stroke emerged in the 1930s from a rules loophole in breaststroke technique?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Butterfly" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Backstroke" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Freestyle" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Breaststroke" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Swimmers found breaststroke rules allowed recovering arms over the water, creating the butterfly.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "pcjomfd2bttr" }, { "id": "ot-aquatics-3", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "greg-louganis", "diving" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which diver hit his head on the springboard at Seoul 1988, then returned to sweep both diving golds?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Greg Louganis" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Fu Mingxia" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Klaus Dibiasi" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "David Boudia" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Greg Louganis needed stitches after the collision but came back to win springboard and platform gold.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1vqd2gt1o8mhwp" }, { "id": "ot-aquatics-4", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "diving", "platform-height" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What is the height of the highest Olympic diving platform?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "10 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "7 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "5 meters" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "3 meters" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The Olympic platform diving event is contested from 10 meters above the water.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1s9mbcwbijwa0" }, { "id": "ot-aquatics-5", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "synchronized-diving", "sydney-2000" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At which Olympic Games did synchronized diving debut as an event?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "2000 Sydney" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2008 Beijing" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2020 Tokyo" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2024 Paris" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Synchronized diving joined the Olympic program at the 2000 Sydney Games.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "mkqxxzss02qj" }, { "id": "ot-gym-first-10", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gymnastics", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which gymnast scored gymnastics' first-ever perfect 10.0, at Montreal 1976?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Nadia Comaneci" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mary Lou Retton" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Gabby Douglas" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Simone Biles" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Nadia Comaneci scored the first perfect 10.0 in Olympic gymnastics at Montreal 1976; the scoreboard could only show 1.00 since it had just three digits.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "okoprg1ie17t0" }, { "id": "ot-gym-comaneci-tens", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gymnastics", "montreal-1976" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many perfect 10.0 scores did Nadia Comaneci earn overall at the 1976 Montreal Games?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "7 perfect tens" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "5 perfect tens" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "3 perfect tens" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10 perfect tens" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Comaneci earned seven perfect 10.0 scores across the 1976 Montreal Olympics.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "qvf1rh10zz2qz" }, { "id": "ot-gym-scoring-overhaul", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gymnastics", "scoring-system" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What replaced gymnastics' 10.0-ceiling scoring system when the rules changed in 2006?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Open-ended D-score plus E-score" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Flat percentage out of 100" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Single execution-only score" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Judges' ranked consensus, no score" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The 2006 reform dropped the 10.0 ceiling for an open-ended Difficulty (D) score combined with a 10.0-based Execution (E) score, so harder routines could score higher.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "2hrmfelv8qoe" }, { "id": "ot-gym-biles-skills", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gymnastics", "simone-biles" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many eponymous skills are named after Simone Biles in the FIG Code of Points?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "5 eponymous skills" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "3 eponymous skills" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "7 eponymous skills" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "11 eponymous skills" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Simone Biles has five skills named after her in the FIG Code of Points; 11 is instead her total Olympic medal count.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "8fct86u3ko58" }, { "id": "ot-gym-not-allaround", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gymnastics", "olympic-legends" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which of these gymnasts is NOT known for winning an Olympic individual all-around title?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Kerri Strug" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mary Lou Retton" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Gabby Douglas" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Kohei Uchimura" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Kerri Strug is famed for her injured-ankle vault that secured team gold, not an individual all-around title; the others all won all-around crowns.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1wv0lm6i9c1qu" }, { "id": "ot-bball-dreamteam-margin", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "basketball", "dream-team" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "By how many points did the 1992 USA Dream Team win its games at Barcelona on average?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "43.8 points" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "35.2 points" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "50.1 points" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "28.6 points" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The 1992 Dream Team won its Barcelona games by an average of 43.8 points, dominance so total the coach never called a timeout.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "rsnj8u4a5say" }, { "id": "ot-bball-daly-timeouts", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "basketball", "dream-team" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many timeouts did Dream Team coach Chuck Daly call during the entire 1992 Olympic tournament?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "0 timeouts" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1 timeout" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2 timeouts" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "3 timeouts" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Chuck Daly called zero timeouts across the whole tournament β€” the Dream Team's dominance meant he never needed one.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "127jlmg3qmue2" }, { "id": "ot-bball-munich-score", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "basketball", "munich-1972" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What was the final score of the disputed 1972 Munich men's basketball final?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "USSR 51, USA 50" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "USA 51, USSR 50" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "USSR 52, USA 51" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "USA 50, USSR 49" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The Soviet Union beat the USA 51-50 after the final seconds were replayed three times; the Americans refused their silver medals.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1cp0l3i1likze0" }, { "id": "ot-bball-athens2004-upset", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "basketball", "athens-2004" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which country, led by Manu Ginobili, upset Team USA to win basketball gold at Athens 2004?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Argentina" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lithuania" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Spain" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Brazil" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Manu Ginobili led Argentina's Golden Generation past the Americans to gold at Athens 2004.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1s0s126nckycm" }, { "id": "ot-bball-women-dynasty-false", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "basketball", "team-usa-women" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which statement about the USA Women's Basketball dynasty is FALSE?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "The win streak began in 1984" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Eight consecutive golds through 2024" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Diana Taurasi won six of the golds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "No Olympic loss since 1992" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The USA women's streak of eight consecutive golds ran from 1996 to 2024, not starting in 1984; Taurasi won six of those golds.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1ha9s9lan3mi9" }, { "id": "ot-sum-combat-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "boxing", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How old was Cassius Clay (Muhammad Ali) when he won Olympic boxing gold at Rome 1960?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "16" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "18" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "20" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "22" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Clay won light heavyweight boxing gold at 18, years before turning pro as Muhammad Ali.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "el6cb81o7dsvk" }, { "id": "ot-sum-combat-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "wrestling", "olympic-upsets" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Rulon Gardner's stunning 2000 Olympic wrestling upset ended the 13-year unbeaten streak of which wrestler?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Aleksandr Karelin" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buvaisar Saitiev" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Alexander Medved" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Bruce Baumgartner" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Gardner beat Aleksandr Karelin at Sydney 2000; Karelin hadn't lost a match in 13 years.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "5gdjbv1bu9ghz" }, { "id": "ot-sum-combat-3", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "wrestling", "olympic-records" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many consecutive individual Olympic gold medals did Cuba's Mijain Lopez win in Greco-Roman wrestling?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "3" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "4" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "5" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "6" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Lopez won 5 straight individual golds (2008-2024), more than any athlete in any individual Olympic event.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1n9zj641192x0k" }, { "id": "ot-sum-combat-5", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "tennis", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What did Steffi Graf achieve in 1988 beyond winning all four tennis majors, making her season unique in tennis history?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Olympic gold medal" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Olympic silver medal" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Wimbledon doubles title" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Fed Cup title" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Graf also won Olympic gold in 1988, completing the only true Golden Grand Slam in tennis history.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "xnsa71n4zdnb" }, { "id": "ot-sum-pantheon-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "marathon", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In the chaotic 1904 St. Louis marathon, how many miles did Fred Lorz ride in an automobile before crossing the line first?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "8" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "11" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "14" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "17" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Lorz rode 11 miles by car after cramping, and was disqualified once discovered.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "wfvob013f3ol8" }, { "id": "ot-sum-pantheon-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympic-art", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many official Olympic medals were awarded in fine arts competitions between 1912 and 1948?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "120" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "147" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "175" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "200" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "147 medals were given across architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture for works inspired by sport.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "3qdk0z1wyes2n" }, { "id": "ot-sum-pantheon-3", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "medal-records", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which nation is the only one to pass 1,000 all-time Summer Olympic gold medals?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "United States" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Soviet Union" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Great Britain" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "China" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The United States is the sole nation to surpass 1,000 all-time Summer Olympic golds.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "b14qd51skmk0l" }, { "id": "ot-sum-pantheon-4", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympic-records", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At what age did Sweden's Oscar Swahn become the oldest medalist in Olympic sporting competition, in 1920?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "68" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "70" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "72" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "75" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Swahn won a shooting medal at Antwerp 1920 at age 72, the oldest medalist in Olympic sporting competition (the art competitions' 1948 medalist John Copley, at 73, was older).", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "169abdt20oubr" }, { "id": "ot-sum-pantheon-5", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympic-records", "olympic-history" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How old was Greek gymnast Dimitrios Loundras when he won bronze at Athens 1896, the youngest Olympic medalist ever?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "8" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "9" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "10" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "12" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Loundras won bronze in gymnastics at just 10 years old, the youngest Olympic medalist in history.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "b5i845v4nezf" }, { "id": "ot-jumps-powell-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "long-jump", "mike-powell", "olympic-records" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Whose 8.95-meter long jump in 1991 finally broke Bob Beamon's 23-year-old record?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Mike Powell" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Jonathan Edwards" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Christian Taylor" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Dick Fosbury" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Mike Powell jumped 8.95m in 1991, finally beating Beamon's 8.9m mark from 1968; Edwards and Taylor are triple jumpers, and Fosbury pioneered the high-jump flop.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1mh4wra585znc" }, { "id": "ot-sum-tabletennis-china-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "table-tennis", "olympic-dominance" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "China has won how many of the 42 Olympic table tennis golds contested since 1988?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "30" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "35" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "37" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "40" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "China has won 37 of the 42 table tennis golds awarded since the sport joined the Olympics in 1988, the most lopsided run in any racquet sport.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "t8tzg01ihll14" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l03-jumps-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "high-jump", "fosbury-flop" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Since Vladimir Yashchenko's final straddle-technique world record in 1978, what technique has been used for every men's high jump world record?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "The scissors kick" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The western roll" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The Fosbury Flop" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The straddle technique" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Every men's high jump world record since Yashchenko's 1978 mark, including Sotomayor's 2.45m, has been set using Fosbury's backward flop technique β€” straddle jumpers Pat Matzdorf (1971) and Yashchenko (1977–78) had continued setting records for a decade after Fosbury's 1968 debut.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "xhpnif1t128z" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l03-jumps-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "high-jump", "fosbury-flop" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At which Olympics did Dick Fosbury debut the revolutionary high-jump technique that bears his name?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Munich 1972" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tokyo 1964" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Montreal 1976" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mexico City 1968" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Fosbury introduced his backward head-first 'flop' technique to win high jump gold at Mexico City 1968.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1ypqcvcmbs3wo" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "decathlon", "ashton-eaton" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many points did Ashton Eaton score to win decathlon gold at the Rio 2016 Olympics?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "8,462 points" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "8,893 points" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "9,126 points" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "8,617 points" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Ashton Eaton scored 8,893 points to win his second straight decathlon gold at Rio 2016.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "dzz9191yg7a85" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l03-throws-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "decathlon", "ashton-eaton" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At which Games did Ashton Eaton post his 8,893-point decathlon score?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Beijing 2008" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tokyo 2020" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "London 2012" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Rio 2016" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Eaton's 8,893-point decathlon score came at Rio 2016, his second consecutive Olympic decathlon title.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1yc5rsd1t815e1" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l04-phelps-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "michael-phelps", "swimming-relay" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What split time did Jason Lezak swim on the anchor leg to save Michael Phelps' 2008 gold-medal quest?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "45.13 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "48.51 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "47.82 seconds" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "46.06 seconds" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Lezak's 46.06-second anchor split, the fastest relay leg recorded at the time, ran down France in the 4x100m freestyle relay.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "uq2zon6zu83d" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l04-phelps-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "michael-phelps", "swimming-relay" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which team's relay swimmers had promised to 'smash' the Americans before Jason Lezak's 2008 comeback leg?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Australia" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Great Britain" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "France" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Germany" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "France's relay team predicted they would 'smash' the Americans, but Lezak's anchor leg ran them down for gold.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1f1zw4yt7orfw" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "butterfly-stroke" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In which decade did a breaststroke rules loophole give rise to the modern butterfly stroke?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "1960s" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1920s" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1950s" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1930s" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "In the 1930s, swimmers exploited a breaststroke loophole allowing arm recovery over the water, birthing the butterfly.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "i95vz81ssqi6g" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l04-aquatics-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "swimming", "butterfly-stroke" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Butterfly emerged when swimmers found a rules loophole in which other stroke?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Backstroke" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sidestroke" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Breaststroke" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Freestyle" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Breaststroke rules didn't forbid recovering the arms over water, and that hybrid became the butterfly stroke.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1cxoaribo380g" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "simone-biles" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How many skills in gymnastics' FIG Code of Points are named after Simone Biles?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Seven" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Two" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Five" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Three" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Simone Biles has five eponymous skills in the FIG Code of Points, named for her because she was first to land them.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "s38tib19zs9v" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "simone-biles" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Why do several gymnastics skills in the FIG Code of Points carry Simone Biles's name?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Judges voted to honor her career" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She helped design the scoring system" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She has won the most Olympic medals" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She was first to land them in competition" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Skills are named for a gymnast when she is first to land them in competition β€” Biles has done this five times.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "d47rbx1r3sl1r" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-3", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "scoring-system" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In what year did the FIG abolish gymnastics' perfect-10.0 scoring ceiling?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "2006" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2000" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "2012" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "1996" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The FIG replaced the 10.0-ceiling system with an open-ended difficulty score in 2006.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "y5dzax1bho2zh" }, { "id": "ot-cov-sum-l05-gymnastics-4", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "olympics", "gymnastics", "scoring-system" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What two components make up gymnastics' open-ended scoring system that replaced the perfect 10?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Artistry and risk scores" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Difficulty and Execution scores" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Style and originality scores" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Speed and power scores" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Since 2006, routines are scored by combining a Difficulty (D) score with a 10.0-based Execution (E) score.", "source": { "label": "Summer Olympic Trivia: Ancient Roots, Modern Icons & Historic Feats β€” Objective Test" }, "uid": "1oyauf71hp7btv" } ] }