{ "packId": "spanish-verbs-1", "packName": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present", "packVersion": "1.0.4", "description": "Conjugate Latin American Spanish verbs in the present: regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs, ser, estar and ir, stem changes and irregular yo forms, then the verbs you need every day. The second pack of the Spanish collection.", "language": "es", "tagsVocabulary": [ "infinitives", "endings", "ar-verbs", "er-verbs", "ir-verbs", "pronouns", "present-uses", "ser", "estar", "ir", "plans", "stem-change", "irregular-yo", "obligation", "gustar", "questions", "negation" ], "icon": "🏃", "shortName": "Spanish Verbs 1", "lessons": [ { "id": "l1-how-verbs-work", "title": "Lesson 1: How Spanish Verbs Work", "order": 0, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-verbs-1/guides/l1-how-verbs-work.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p1-infinitives-and-endings", "title": "Part 1: Infinitives and Endings", "blurb": "Infinitives end in -ar, -er or -ir; a verb is a stem plus an ending, and conjugating replaces the ending.", "studyGuideAnchor": "infinitives-and-endings", "itemIds": [ "fact-infinitive-endings", "fact-stem-drop-last-two", "fact-conjugating-replaces-ending", "pair-hablar-infinitive-meaning", "pair-comer-infinitive-meaning", "cloze-vivir-stem", "cloze-hablar-stem-plus-amos", "mcq-dictionary-entry-hablar", "mcq-board-ending-shows-who", "tf-comer-largest-family", "ot-comer-stem-and-ending", "ot-vivir-own-set-endings", "ot-hablar-you-speak" ] }, { "id": "p2-regular-ar-verbs", "title": "Part 2: Regular -ar Verbs in the Present", "blurb": "The present of hablar, trabajar, estudiar, llegar and necesitar; usted goes with Ă©l/ella, ustedes with ellos/ellas.", "studyGuideAnchor": "regular-ar-verbs-in-the-present", "itemIds": [ "fact-hablar-present", "fact-ar-verbs-same-endings", "fact-usted-ustedes-share-forms", "pair-tu-llegar-form", "pair-ellas-hablar-form", "cloze-ella-estudia-guadalajara", "cloze-ustedes-trabajan-monterrey", "mcq-taqueria-necesito-pesos", "mcq-usted-habla-formal", "tf-nosotras-ending-unchanged", "ot-trabajas-monterrey-informal", "ot-necesitamos-veinte-pesos", "ot-ustedes-llegan-ellos", "cmp-habla-usted-espanol" ] }, { "id": "p3-dropping-the-pronoun", "title": "Part 3: Dropping the Pronoun", "blurb": "Spanish usually drops the subject pronoun; when to keep it, and why there is no word for it.", "studyGuideAnchor": "dropping-the-pronoun", "itemIds": [ "fact-dropping-the-pronoun", "fact-keep-pronoun-three-cases", "fact-it-has-no-subject-word", "pair-donde-trabajas-question", "pair-es-importante-it", "cloze-yo-trabajo-contrast", "cloze-habla-usted-polite", "mcq-estudiamos-oaxaca-who", "mcq-hablan-ingles-who", "tf-yo-estudio-not-a-mistake", "ot-yo-ella-contrast-sentence", "ot-it-no-subject-word", "ot-estudian-monterrey-no-pronoun" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-infinitives-stems-endings", "statement": "Recognize -ar, -er and -ir infinitives and their families, choose a verb's stem, and conjugate by replacing the infinitive ending.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-infinitives-stems-endings" ] }, { "id": "obj-regular-ar-present", "statement": "Conjugate hablar, trabajar, estudiar, llegar and necesitar in the present, and use the Ă©l/ella form for usted and the ellos/ellas form for ustedes.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-regular-ar-present" ] }, { "id": "obj-dropping-the-pronoun", "statement": "Recognize that Spanish usually drops the subject pronoun, keep it for contrast, clarity or courtesy with usted, and say \"it\" with no subject word.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-dropping-the-pronoun" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-infinitives-stems-endings", "label": "Infinitives, stems and endings", "itemIds": [ "mcq-dictionary-entry-hablar", "pair-comer-infinitive-meaning", "tf-comer-largest-family", "cloze-vivir-stem", "cloze-hablar-stem-plus-amos", "mcq-board-ending-shows-who" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-regular-ar-present", "label": "Conjugating -ar verbs and sharing forms", "itemIds": [ "pair-ellas-hablar-form", "pair-tu-llegar-form", "cloze-ella-estudia-guadalajara", "cloze-ustedes-trabajan-monterrey", "mcq-taqueria-necesito-pesos", "mcq-usted-habla-formal" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-dropping-the-pronoun", "label": "Dropping and keeping the pronoun", "itemIds": [ "mcq-estudiamos-oaxaca-who", "tf-yo-estudio-not-a-mistake", "cloze-yo-trabajo-contrast", "mcq-hablan-ingles-who", "cloze-habla-usted-polite", "pair-es-importante-it" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-infinitives-stems-endings", "objectiveId": "obj-infinitives-stems-endings", "title": "Infinitives, stems and endings", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-dictionary-entry-hablar", "mcq-board-ending-shows-who", "ot-comer-stem-and-ending", "ot-vivir-own-set-endings", "ot-hablar-you-speak" ] }, { "id": "test-regular-ar-present", "objectiveId": "obj-regular-ar-present", "title": "Regular -ar verbs in the present", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-taqueria-necesito-pesos", "mcq-usted-habla-formal", "ot-trabajas-monterrey-informal", "ot-necesitamos-veinte-pesos", "ot-ustedes-llegan-ellos" ] }, { "id": "test-dropping-the-pronoun", "objectiveId": "obj-dropping-the-pronoun", "title": "Dropping and keeping the pronoun", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-estudiamos-oaxaca-who", "mcq-hablan-ingles-who", "ot-yo-ella-contrast-sentence", "ot-it-no-subject-word", "ot-estudian-monterrey-no-pronoun" ] } ] }, { "id": "l2-er-and-ir-verbs", "title": "Lesson 2: Regular -er and -ir Verbs", "order": 1, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-verbs-1/guides/l2-er-and-ir-verbs.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p4-regular-er-verbs", "title": "Part 1: Regular -er Verbs", "blurb": "Comer's five forms and the endings; beber, aprender and leer; usted and ustedes; tomar is also heard in Mexico.", "studyGuideAnchor": "regular-er-verbs", "itemIds": [ "fact-comer-present", "fact-beber-aprender-tomar", "fact-leer-double-e", "pair-aprender-meaning", "pair-tu-leer-lees", "cloze-ana-lee-periodico", "cloze-ustedes-comen-tamales", "mcq-lunch-bebo-agua", "mcq-usted-come-tacos", "tf-tomar-regular-ar", "ot-leemos-periodico", "ot-ustedes-beben-agua", "ot-tomo-un-cafe" ] }, { "id": "p5-regular-ir-verbs", "title": "Part 2: Regular -ir Verbs", "blurb": "Vivir's forms and endings; escribir, abrir and recibir; among the forms taught, -er and -ir differ only in nosotros.", "studyGuideAnchor": "regular-ir-verbs", "itemIds": [ "fact-vivir-present", "fact-escribir-abrir-recibir", "fact-er-ir-nosotros-clue", "pair-abrir-meaning", "pair-tu-escribir-escribes", "cloze-nosotros-vivimos", "cloze-ustedes-reciben-carta", "mcq-vivo-guadalajara", "mcq-nosotros-clue-comemos", "tf-er-ir-differ-nosotros", "ot-escribimos-mensaje", "ot-usted-recibe-carta", "ot-ana-abre-puerta", "cmp-vivimos-en-oaxaca" ] }, { "id": "p6-what-the-present-covers", "title": "Part 3: What the Present Tense Covers", "blurb": "Habits and routines, things true now, an action happening right now, and a fixed near future with a time word.", "studyGuideAnchor": "what-the-present-tense-covers", "itemIds": [ "fact-present-habits-and-facts", "fact-present-right-now", "fact-present-near-future", "pair-leer-que-lees", "pair-manana-trabajo", "cloze-ninos-aprenden-rapido", "cloze-como-a-las-dos", "mcq-escribo-todos-los-dias", "mcq-leo-phone-reading", "tf-lunes-time-word", "ot-recibimos-lunes", "ot-como-main-meal", "ot-tren-llega-ocho" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-regular-er-present", "statement": "Conjugate regular -er verbs such as comer, beber and leer, use usted and ustedes forms, and recognize tomar (heard for drinking in Mexico) as an -ar verb.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-regular-er-present" ] }, { "id": "obj-regular-ir-present", "statement": "Conjugate regular -ir verbs such as vivir, escribir and recibir, and use the nosotros ending (-amos, -emos, -imos) as a clue to the verb family.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-regular-ir-present" ] }, { "id": "obj-present-uses", "statement": "Use the Spanish present for habits, general facts, actions happening now and fixed near-future plans with a time word.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-present-uses" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-regular-er-present", "label": "Conjugate -er verbs; usted, ustedes; tomar is -ar", "itemIds": [ "pair-tu-leer-lees", "cloze-ana-lee-periodico", "cloze-ustedes-comen-tamales", "mcq-lunch-bebo-agua", "mcq-usted-come-tacos", "tf-tomar-regular-ar" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-regular-ir-present", "label": "Conjugate -ir verbs; nosotros as a family clue", "itemIds": [ "pair-tu-escribir-escribes", "cloze-nosotros-vivimos", "cloze-ustedes-reciben-carta", "mcq-vivo-guadalajara", "mcq-nosotros-clue-comemos", "tf-er-ir-differ-nosotros" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-present-uses", "label": "Habits, facts, right now and fixed plans", "itemIds": [ "cloze-ninos-aprenden-rapido", "cloze-como-a-las-dos", "mcq-escribo-todos-los-dias", "mcq-leo-phone-reading", "pair-manana-trabajo", "tf-lunes-time-word" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-regular-er-present", "objectiveId": "obj-regular-er-present", "title": "Regular -er verbs in the present", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-lunch-bebo-agua", "mcq-usted-come-tacos", "ot-leemos-periodico", "ot-ustedes-beben-agua", "ot-tomo-un-cafe" ] }, { "id": "test-regular-ir-present", "objectiveId": "obj-regular-ir-present", "title": "Regular -ir verbs in the present", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-vivo-guadalajara", "mcq-nosotros-clue-comemos", "ot-escribimos-mensaje", "ot-usted-recibe-carta", "ot-ana-abre-puerta" ] }, { "id": "test-present-uses", "objectiveId": "obj-present-uses", "title": "What the present tense covers", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-escribo-todos-los-dias", "mcq-leo-phone-reading", "ot-recibimos-lunes", "ot-como-main-meal", "ot-tren-llega-ocho" ] } ] }, { "id": "l3-ser-estar-ir", "title": "Lesson 3: Ser, Estar and Ir", "order": 2, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-verbs-1/guides/l3-ser-estar-ir.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p7-ser", "title": "Part 1: Ser", "blurb": "Ser: soy, eres, es, somos, son, and its uses for origin, jobs, traits and the time.", "studyGuideAnchor": "ser", "itemIds": [ "fact-ser-present", "fact-ser-uses", "fact-ser-time", "pair-ser-tu-eres", "pair-ser-nosotros-somos", "cloze-ser-ana-maestra", "cloze-ser-ana-luis-amables", "mcq-ser-donde-eres", "mcq-ser-hora-una", "tf-ser-hours-two-twelve", "ot-ser-somos-oaxaca", "ot-ser-son-las-tres", "ot-ser-usted-amable" ] }, { "id": "p8-estar", "title": "Part 2: Estar", "blurb": "Estar: estoy, estĂĄs, estĂĄ, estamos, estĂĄn, its written accents, and estar versus ser for place and how someone is.", "studyGuideAnchor": "estar", "itemIds": [ "fact-estar-present", "fact-estar-accents", "fact-estar-uses", "pair-estar-tu-estas", "pair-estar-ustedes-estan", "cloze-estar-nosotros-monterrey", "cloze-estar-monterrey-mexico", "mcq-estar-oaxaca-ahora", "mcq-estar-como-estas", "tf-estar-esta-first-word", "ot-estar-usted-como", "ot-estar-luis-triste", "ot-estar-estamos-bien", "cmp-estoy-en-oaxaca" ] }, { "id": "p9-ir-and-plans", "title": "Part 3: Ir and Plans with Ir a", "blurb": "Ir: voy, vas, va, vamos, van, going to places with a and al, and plans with ir a + infinitive.", "studyGuideAnchor": "ir-and-plans-with-ir-a", "itemIds": [ "fact-ir-present", "fact-ir-a-place", "fact-ir-a-infinitive", "pair-ir-yo-voy", "pair-ir-tu-vas", "cloze-ir-ella-leer-libro", "cloze-ir-al-mercado", "mcq-ir-vamos-tacos-lets", "mcq-ir-van-llegar-tarde", "tf-ir-only-el-joins", "ot-ir-que-vas-hacer", "ot-ir-a-la-ciudad", "ot-ir-trabajar-manana" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-ser-forms-uses", "statement": "Conjugate ser in the present and use it to say where someone is from, what they do, what they are like and what time it is.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-ser-forms-uses" ] }, { "id": "obj-estar-forms-uses", "statement": "Conjugate estar with its written accents, and choose estar rather than ser for where something is and how someone is right now.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-estar-forms-uses" ] }, { "id": "obj-ir-places-plans", "statement": "Conjugate ir in the present, say where you are going (using al when a meets el) and what you are going to do, and use vamos a for let's.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-ir-places-plans" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-ser-forms-uses", "label": "Ser: forms, origin, jobs, traits and time", "itemIds": [ "pair-ser-tu-eres", "cloze-ser-ana-maestra", "cloze-ser-ana-luis-amables", "mcq-ser-donde-eres", "mcq-ser-hora-una", "tf-ser-hours-two-twelve" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-estar-forms-uses", "label": "Estar: forms, accents, place and how someone is", "itemIds": [ "pair-estar-tu-estas", "cloze-estar-nosotros-monterrey", "cloze-estar-monterrey-mexico", "mcq-estar-oaxaca-ahora", "mcq-estar-como-estas", "tf-estar-esta-first-word" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-ir-places-plans", "label": "Ir: forms, places with al, plans and let's", "itemIds": [ "pair-ir-yo-voy", "cloze-ir-ella-leer-libro", "cloze-ir-al-mercado", "mcq-ir-vamos-tacos-lets", "mcq-ir-van-llegar-tarde", "tf-ir-only-el-joins" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-ser", "objectiveId": "obj-ser-forms-uses", "title": "Ser: forms, origin, traits and the time", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-ser-donde-eres", "mcq-ser-hora-una", "ot-ser-somos-oaxaca", "ot-ser-son-las-tres", "ot-ser-usted-amable" ] }, { "id": "test-estar", "objectiveId": "obj-estar-forms-uses", "title": "Estar: forms, accents and ser versus estar", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-estar-oaxaca-ahora", "mcq-estar-como-estas", "ot-estar-usted-como", "ot-estar-luis-triste", "ot-estar-estamos-bien" ] }, { "id": "test-ir", "objectiveId": "obj-ir-places-plans", "title": "Ir: forms, places and plans", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-ir-vamos-tacos-lets", "mcq-ir-van-llegar-tarde", "ot-ir-que-vas-hacer", "ot-ir-a-la-ciudad", "ot-ir-trabajar-manana" ] } ] }, { "id": "l4-stem-changing-verbs", "title": "Lesson 4: Stem-Changing Verbs", "order": 3, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-verbs-1/guides/l4-stem-changing-verbs.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p10-e-to-ie", "title": "Part 1: Stem Change e to ie", "blurb": "Querer, pensar and empezar: e becomes ie, nosotros keeps the e, and some e verbs stay regular.", "studyGuideAnchor": "stem-change-e-to-ie", "itemIds": [ "fact-querer-e-to-ie", "fact-pensar-empezar-e-to-ie", "fact-e-ie-nosotros-regular", "pair-tu-empezar", "pair-nosotros-pensar", "cloze-yo-pienso", "cloze-nosotros-empezamos", "mcq-taqueria-quieres", "mcq-clase-empieza", "tf-beber-stays-regular", "ot-ninos-quieren-jugo", "ot-boot-outside-nosotros", "ot-quiero-un-cafe", "cmp-queremos-un-cafe" ] }, { "id": "p11-o-to-ue", "title": "Part 2: Stem Change o to ue", "blurb": "Poder, dormir and volver: o becomes ue, nosotros keeps the o, plus jugar, the one common verb with u to ue.", "studyGuideAnchor": "stem-change-o-to-ue", "itemIds": [ "fact-poder-o-to-ue", "fact-dormir-volver-o-to-ue", "fact-jugar-u-to-ue", "pair-yo-dormir", "pair-ustedes-jugar", "cloze-hijo-duerme", "cloze-nosotros-jugamos", "mcq-oaxaca-vuelvo", "mcq-podemos-comer", "tf-comer-stays-regular", "ot-ustedes-pueden-seis", "ot-cuando-vuelves", "ot-juego-en-el-parque" ] }, { "id": "p12-e-to-i", "title": "Part 3: Stem Change e to i", "blurb": "Pedir, servir and repetir: e becomes i in -ir verbs, and pedir (ask for) versus preguntar (ask a question).", "studyGuideAnchor": "stem-change-e-to-i", "itemIds": [ "fact-pedir-e-to-i", "fact-servir-repetir-e-to-i", "fact-pedir-vs-preguntar", "pair-pedir-meaning", "pair-preguntar-meaning", "cloze-tia-sirve", "cloze-nosotros-pedimos", "mcq-maestro-repite", "mcq-bano-pregunto", "tf-ir-verbs-only", "ot-servimos-tamales", "ot-quiero-pido-yo-forms", "ot-amigos-piden-cuenta" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-e-to-ie", "statement": "Conjugate querer, pensar and empezar in the present, keeping the e in nosotros, and recognize that some e verbs, such as beber, stay regular.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-e-to-ie" ] }, { "id": "obj-o-to-ue", "statement": "Conjugate poder, dormir, volver and jugar in the present, keeping the o or u in nosotros, and recognize that comer stays regular.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-o-to-ue" ] }, { "id": "obj-e-to-i", "statement": "Conjugate pedir, servir and repetir (e to i, -ir verbs only), keep the e in nosotros, and choose pedir or preguntar.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-e-to-i" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-e-to-ie", "label": "Conjugate e-to-ie verbs, keep the e, spot regular ones", "itemIds": [ "cloze-yo-pienso", "cloze-nosotros-empezamos", "mcq-taqueria-quieres", "mcq-clase-empieza", "tf-beber-stays-regular" ], "requiredCorrect": 5 }, { "id": "d-o-to-ue", "label": "Conjugate o-to-ue verbs and jugar; comer is regular", "itemIds": [ "cloze-hijo-duerme", "cloze-nosotros-jugamos", "mcq-oaxaca-vuelvo", "mcq-podemos-comer", "tf-comer-stays-regular" ], "requiredCorrect": 5 }, { "id": "d-e-to-i", "label": "Conjugate e-to-i verbs and choose pedir or preguntar", "itemIds": [ "cloze-tia-sirve", "cloze-nosotros-pedimos", "mcq-maestro-repite", "mcq-bano-pregunto", "tf-ir-verbs-only" ], "requiredCorrect": 5 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-e-to-ie", "objectiveId": "obj-e-to-ie", "title": "Stem change e to ie", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-taqueria-quieres", "mcq-clase-empieza", "ot-ninos-quieren-jugo", "ot-boot-outside-nosotros", "ot-quiero-un-cafe" ] }, { "id": "test-o-to-ue", "objectiveId": "obj-o-to-ue", "title": "Stem change o to ue", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-oaxaca-vuelvo", "mcq-podemos-comer", "ot-ustedes-pueden-seis", "ot-cuando-vuelves", "ot-juego-en-el-parque" ] }, { "id": "test-e-to-i", "objectiveId": "obj-e-to-i", "title": "Stem change e to i", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-maestro-repite", "mcq-bano-pregunto", "ot-servimos-tamales", "ot-quiero-pido-yo-forms", "ot-amigos-piden-cuenta" ] } ] }, { "id": "l5-irregular-yo-forms", "title": "Lesson 5: Irregular Yo Forms", "order": 4, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-verbs-1/guides/l5-irregular-yo-forms.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p13-the-go-verbs", "title": "Part 1: The -go Verbs", "blurb": "Seven -go verbs in this lesson: hacer, poner, salir, traer, tener, venir and decir, and their other present forms.", "studyGuideAnchor": "the-go-verbs", "itemIds": [ "fact-hacer-poner-salir-traer", "fact-tener-venir-present", "fact-decir-present", "fact-go-verbs-yo-forms", "pair-poner-yo-pongo", "pair-decir-tu-dices", "pair-venir-tu-vienes", "cloze-tener-yo-tengo", "cloze-salir-ana-sale", "cloze-decir-yo-digo", "mcq-tarea-hago", "mcq-pan-dulce-traigo", "mcq-salir-casa-salgo", "tf-hacer-nosotros-hacemos", "tf-venir-yo-viengo", "ot-ellos-traen-tamales", "ot-amigo-tienes-tiempo", "ot-nosotros-decimos-verdad", "cmp-tengo-una-hermana" ] }, { "id": "p14-other-irregular-yo", "title": "Part 2: Other Irregular Yo Forms", "blurb": "Conozco, sĂ©, veo and doy, saber versus conocer, and the personal a before a person.", "studyGuideAnchor": "other-irregular-yo-forms", "itemIds": [ "fact-conocer-saber-present", "fact-ver-dar-present", "fact-saber-vs-conocer", "fact-personal-a-conocer", "pair-conocer-yo-conozco", "pair-dar-yo-doy", "pair-ver-nosotros-vemos", "cloze-maestro-conocer-al", "cloze-nadar-saber-se", "cloze-ver-yo-veo", "mcq-ana-sabe-respuesta", "mcq-ana-conozco-a", "mcq-guadalajara-conozco", "tf-se-accent-saber", "tf-guadalajara-sin-a", "ot-mercado-doy-pesos", "ot-amigo-veo-iglesia", "ot-nombre-de-ana-se" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-go-verbs-present", "statement": "Conjugate the seven -go verbs in the present: the -go yo form, regular endings in hacer, poner, salir and traer, and the stem change in tener, venir and decir.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-go-verbs-present" ] }, { "id": "obj-other-irregular-yo", "statement": "Say conozco, sĂ©, veo and doy, keep the other forms regular, choose saber or conocer by what you know, and put the personal a before a person.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-other-irregular-yo" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-go-verbs-present", "label": "Conjugate the -go verbs", "itemIds": [ "pair-poner-yo-pongo", "cloze-tener-yo-tengo", "cloze-decir-yo-digo", "cloze-salir-ana-sale", "pair-venir-tu-vienes", "pair-decir-tu-dices" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-other-irregular-yo", "label": "Irregular yo forms, saber or conocer, personal a", "itemIds": [ "pair-conocer-yo-conozco", "pair-dar-yo-doy", "cloze-ver-yo-veo", "cloze-nadar-saber-se", "pair-ver-nosotros-vemos", "mcq-ana-conozco-a" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-go-verbs-present", "objectiveId": "obj-go-verbs-present", "title": "Test: the -go verbs", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-tarea-hago", "mcq-salir-casa-salgo", "ot-ellos-traen-tamales", "ot-amigo-tienes-tiempo", "ot-nosotros-decimos-verdad" ] }, { "id": "test-other-irregular-yo", "objectiveId": "obj-other-irregular-yo", "title": "Test: other irregular yo forms", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-guadalajara-conozco", "mcq-ana-sabe-respuesta", "ot-mercado-doy-pesos", "ot-amigo-veo-iglesia", "ot-nombre-de-ana-se" ] } ] }, { "id": "l6-verbs-in-use", "title": "Lesson 6: Verbs in Use", "order": 5, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-verbs-1/guides/l6-verbs-in-use.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p15-tener-que-hay-que-poder", "title": "Part 1: Tener que, Hay que and Poder", "blurb": "Tener que and hay que for what has to be done, poder for what you can do, and ÂżPuedo...? to ask permission.", "studyGuideAnchor": "tener-que-hay-que-and-poder", "itemIds": [ "fact-tener-que-infinitive", "fact-hay-que-infinitive", "fact-poder-infinitive", "pair-nosotros-tener-que-trabajar", "pair-puedo-pagar-tarjeta", "cloze-ana-tiene-que-llegar", "cloze-tu-puedes-salir", "mcq-visitante-hay-que-pagar", "mcq-hotel-puede-abrir-puerta", "tf-tener-que-only-tener", "ot-tienen-que-trabajar", "ot-podemos-comer-aqui", "ot-puedo-salir-ocho" ] }, { "id": "p16-gustar-and-encantar", "title": "Part 2: Gustar and Encantar", "blurb": "Gusta and gustan, the pronouns me, te, le, nos and les, the optional a phrases, and encantar for stronger likes.", "studyGuideAnchor": "gustar-and-encantar", "itemIds": [ "fact-gustar-gusta-gustan", "fact-gustar-pronouns", "fact-encantar-stronger", "pair-gustar-a-ti-te", "pair-gustar-a-nosotros-nos", "cloze-gustar-ella-le-chocolate", "cloze-gustar-comer-tacos", "mcq-taqueria-gustan-tacos", "mcq-familia-encantan-tamales", "tf-gustar-article-in-general", "ot-les-ana-pablo-pan-dulce", "ot-a-mi-me-gusta-cafe", "ot-ana-le-encanta-bailar", "cmp-me-gustan-los-tacos" ] }, { "id": "p17-asking-and-saying-no", "title": "Part 3: Asking and Saying No", "blurb": "No before the verb, yes/no questions by intonation, questions with dĂłnde, cuĂĄndo and quĂ©, and answering No, no.", "studyGuideAnchor": "asking-and-saying-no", "itemIds": [ "fact-no-before-the-verb", "fact-questions-word-order", "fact-answering-no-no", "pair-no-hablo-ingles", "pair-donde-vive-ana", "cloze-no-me-gusta-cafe", "cloze-cuando-llega-tren", "mcq-turista-no-hablo-ingles", "mcq-taqueria-que-quiere-usted", "tf-no-word-for-do", "ot-donde-vives-amiga", "ot-hablas-espanol-voz", "ot-no-me-gusta-significa", "cmp-no-hablo-ingles" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-tener-que-hay-que-poder", "statement": "Say what someone has to do with tener que, what one has to do with hay que and what you can do with poder, and ask permission or make a request.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-tener-que-hay-que-poder" ] }, { "id": "obj-gustar-encantar", "statement": "Say what people like with gusta or gustan and me, te, le, nos or les, add an optional a phrase, keep the article, and say what you love with encantar.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-gustar-encantar" ] }, { "id": "obj-asking-and-saying-no", "statement": "Use no before the verb or before me, te or le, ask yes/no questions and questions with dĂłnde, cuĂĄndo or quĂ©, and answer with No, no ...", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-asking-and-saying-no" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-tener-que-hay-que-poder", "label": "Tener que, hay que, poder, permission and requests", "itemIds": [ "cloze-ana-tiene-que-llegar", "tf-tener-que-only-tener", "mcq-visitante-hay-que-pagar", "cloze-tu-puedes-salir", "pair-puedo-pagar-tarjeta", "mcq-hotel-puede-abrir-puerta" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-gustar-encantar", "label": "Gusta or gustan, pronouns, the article and encantar", "itemIds": [ "pair-gustar-a-ti-te", "cloze-gustar-ella-le-chocolate", "cloze-gustar-comer-tacos", "mcq-taqueria-gustan-tacos", "tf-gustar-article-in-general", "mcq-familia-encantan-tamales" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-asking-and-saying-no", "label": "No, yes/no questions, question words and No, no", "itemIds": [ "pair-no-hablo-ingles", "cloze-no-me-gusta-cafe", "tf-no-word-for-do", "cloze-cuando-llega-tren", "mcq-taqueria-que-quiere-usted", "mcq-turista-no-hablo-ingles" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-tener-que-hay-que-poder", "objectiveId": "obj-tener-que-hay-que-poder", "title": "Test: tener que, hay que and poder", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-visitante-hay-que-pagar", "mcq-hotel-puede-abrir-puerta", "ot-tienen-que-trabajar", "ot-podemos-comer-aqui", "ot-puedo-salir-ocho" ] }, { "id": "test-gustar-encantar", "objectiveId": "obj-gustar-encantar", "title": "Test: gustar and encantar", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-taqueria-gustan-tacos", "mcq-familia-encantan-tamales", "ot-les-ana-pablo-pan-dulce", "ot-a-mi-me-gusta-cafe", "ot-ana-le-encanta-bailar" ] }, { "id": "test-asking-and-saying-no", "objectiveId": "obj-asking-and-saying-no", "title": "Test: asking and saying no", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-turista-no-hablo-ingles", "mcq-taqueria-que-quiere-usted", "ot-donde-vives-amiga", "ot-hablas-espanol-voz", "ot-no-me-gusta-significa" ] } ] } ], "items": [ { "id": "fact-infinitive-endings", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "infinitives" ], "title": "A Spanish infinitive ends in -ar, -er or -ir", "body": "The *infinitive* is the basic form of a verb, the form a dictionary lists. English marks it with the word *to*; Spanish marks it with an ending, so a Spanish infinitive is one word that ends in **-ar**, **-er** or **-ir**: **hablar** (*to speak*), **comer** (*to eat*), **vivir** (*to live*). These three endings sort Spanish verbs into three families, also called conjugations. The **-ar** family is the largest.", "speak": { "text": "hablar, comer, vivir", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of an open dictionary on a desk with a pencil beside it, soft colours, no text.", "imageSearchTerm": "open Spanish dictionary", "alt": "An open Spanish pocket dictionary.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Horia Varlan (Openverse) · by 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/10361931@N06/4268897748", "subject": "A small red-covered pocket dictionary standing open on a white backdrop with its pages fanned upward; tiny word-list text, and the title calls it a Spanish dictionary.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-infinitive-endings.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-dictionary-entry-hablar", "pair-comer-infinitive-meaning", "pair-hablar-infinitive-meaning", "tf-comer-largest-family" ], "uid": "1eeelwm65qvvs" }, { "id": "fact-stem-drop-last-two", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "infinitives", "endings" ], "title": "The stem is the infinitive without its last two letters", "body": "You can split an infinitive into a stem and an ending. The *stem* is what is left when you drop the last two letters: **hablar** → **habl-** + **-ar**, **comer** → **com-** + **-er**, **vivir** → **viv-** + **-ir**.", "speak": { "text": "hablar", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-vivir-stem", "ot-comer-stem-and-ending" ], "uid": "18tf7rpnc9t8f" }, { "id": "fact-conjugating-replaces-ending", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "endings", "ar-verbs" ], "title": "Conjugating replaces the ending; each family has its own endings", "body": "To *conjugate* a verb is to replace the infinitive ending with a new ending that shows who is doing the action, and when. In a *regular* verb, one that follows the standard pattern of its family, the stem stays the same and only the ending changes: **habl-** + **-o** = **hablo** (*I speak*), **habl-** + **-as** = **hablas** (*you speak*), **habl-** + **-amos** = **hablamos** (*we speak*). English shows who acts with a separate word; Spanish builds it into the ending. Each family has its own set of endings.", "speak": { "text": "hablo, hablas, hablamos", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-hablar-stem-plus-amos", "mcq-board-ending-shows-who" ], "uid": "6gfd00a75yk6" }, { "id": "pair-hablar-infinitive-meaning", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "infinitives", "ar-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "hablar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "to speak" }, "speak": { "text": "hablar", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1xc274n1x1jmf9" }, { "id": "pair-comer-infinitive-meaning", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "infinitives", "er-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "comer" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "to eat" }, "speak": { "text": "comer", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "5ckjw7su91oz" }, { "id": "cloze-vivir-stem", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "infinitives", "ir-verbs" ], "template": "The stem of vivir is ___.", "answer": "viv-", "distractors": [ "-ir", "vivi-", "vi-" ], "explanation": "The stem is what is left when you drop the last two letters, so vivir becomes viv- + -ir. The ending -ir is not the stem, and vivi- drops only one letter.", "speak": { "text": "vivir", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "r6ha4qn6yz6k" }, { "id": "cloze-hablar-stem-plus-amos", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "endings", "ar-verbs" ], "template": "habl- + -amos = ___ (we speak)", "answer": "hablamos", "distractors": [ "hablo", "hablas", "hablar" ], "explanation": "Conjugating replaces the infinitive ending: habl- + -amos = hablamos (we speak). Hablo means I speak, hablas means you speak, and hablar is the infinitive, which is not conjugated.", "speak": { "text": "hablamos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "siwzcm1sf2mde" }, { "id": "mcq-dictionary-entry-hablar", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "infinitives" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You look a verb up in a Spanish dictionary. Which of these would the dictionary list as the verb's basic form?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "hablo" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "hablas" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "hablar" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "hablamos" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "A dictionary lists the infinitive, which ends in -ar, -er or -ir, so you find hablar. Hablo, hablas and hablamos are conjugated forms that show who is speaking.", "speak": { "text": "hablar", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "mtzg557zdjwr" }, { "id": "mcq-board-ending-shows-who", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "endings" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your teacher writes hablo, hablas and hablamos on the board. Which part of each word shows who is speaking?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "The new ending" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The stem habl-" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The first syllable" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "The infinitive ending -ar" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Spanish builds who is acting into the ending (-o, -as, -amos). In a regular verb the stem habl- stays the same, so it cannot show the person, and the infinitive ending -ar has been replaced.", "speak": { "text": "hablo, hablas, hablamos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "gke4g53d210t" }, { "id": "tf-comer-largest-family", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "infinitives", "er-verbs" ], "statement": "Verbs like comer, whose infinitives end in -er, make up the largest Spanish verb family.", "isTrue": false, "why": "The -ar family is the largest, and it includes verbs like hablar. Verbs like comer belong to the -er family, one of the other two.", "speak": { "text": "comer", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "31q36n1db5i6r" }, { "id": "fact-hablar-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ar-verbs", "endings", "pronouns" ], "title": "Hablar is the present-tense model for regular -ar verbs", "body": "Drop **-ar** from **hablar** (*to speak*) to get the stem **habl-**, then add one of five endings: **yo hablo** (*I speak*), **tĂș hablas** (*you speak, informal*), **usted / Ă©l / ella habla** (*you speak, formal / he, she speaks*), **nosotros / nosotras hablamos** (*we speak*), **ustedes / ellos / ellas hablan** (*you all speak / they speak*). The present-tense endings are **-o**, **-as**, **-a**, **-amos** and **-an**.", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Two friends sitting across a table at a cafĂ©, one speaking while the other listens.", "imageSearchTerm": "two friends talking cafe", "alt": "Two friends talking across a cafĂ© table.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Julio Lopez · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/two-young-women-talking-at-a-cafe-table-d7jgsEdPcpw", "subject": "Two young women sitting across a wooden cafĂ© table, laughing and talking with open-palm gestures; iced pink and green drinks, a phone, a blue backpack; tiled wall with pastry posters, no readable text.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-hablar-present.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, hablan", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-habla-usted-polite", "cloze-hablar-stem-plus-amos", "cmp-habla-usted-espanol", "mcq-usted-habla-formal", "ot-hablar-you-speak", "pair-ellas-hablar-form" ], "uid": "1h45m3b1l6um95" }, { "id": "fact-ar-verbs-same-endings", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ar-verbs", "endings" ], "title": "Regular -ar verbs take the same five present endings", "body": "In the present, every regular **-ar** verb takes the same five endings, in the same order as **hablar** (so **trabajo** is *I work*, **trabajas** is *you work*).\n- **trabajar** (*to work*), stem **trabaj-**: **trabajo, trabajas, trabaja, trabajamos, trabajan**\n- **estudiar** (*to study*), stem **estudi-**: **estudio, estudias, estudia, estudiamos, estudian**\n- **llegar** (*to arrive*), stem **lleg-**: **llego, llegas, llega, llegamos, llegan**\n- **necesitar** (*to need*), stem **necesit-**: **necesito, necesitas, necesita, necesitamos, necesitan**", "speak": { "text": "trabajo, estudio, llego, necesito", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat, clean illustration of a desk with a laptop, an open notebook and a mug, no text, no people.", "imageSearchTerm": "student studying at desk", "alt": "A student writing in a notebook at a desk.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Min An · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-black-shirt-sitting-and-writing-771317/", "subject": "A young man with glasses and a sports watch writing in a notebook at a wooden desk, a calculator and a glass of water nearby, against a plain warm wall.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-ar-verbs-same-endings.webp" }, "uid": "gewvv7wosk0r" }, { "id": "fact-usted-ustedes-share-forms", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "pronouns", "ar-verbs" ], "title": "Usted shares the Ă©l form and ustedes shares the ellos form", "body": "**Usted** takes the **Ă©l** and **ella** form, never the **tĂș** form: **Usted habla español.** (*You speak Spanish, formal.*) **Ustedes** takes the **ellos** and **ellas** form: **Ustedes trabajan en Monterrey.** (*You all work in Monterrey.*) **Nosotras** and **ellas** are for groups of only women, and the verb form does not change: **Nosotras llegamos a las ocho.** (*We arrive at eight.*) **Ellos** is for men or for a mixed group. In Mexico and the rest of Latin America, **ustedes** is the only plural *you* in everyday speech; much of Spain also uses **vosotros** for an informal *you all*.", "speak": { "text": "Ustedes trabajan en Monterrey.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of a small group of abstract figures in conversation around a table, no faces, no text.", "imageSearchTerm": "colleagues talking in office", "alt": "Two colleagues talking in an office.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · RDNE Stock project · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-black-long-sleeve-shirt-standing-beside-a-woman-7581050/", "subject": "An open-plan office: a woman in a light-blue blazer seated at a desk laughing, a man in a black shirt standing among the monitors holding a teal mug and gesturing toward her.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-usted-ustedes-share-forms.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-habla-usted-polite", "cloze-ustedes-trabajan-monterrey", "cmp-habla-usted-espanol", "mcq-usted-habla-formal", "ot-ustedes-llegan-ellos", "tf-nosotras-ending-unchanged" ], "uid": "nfbzd01j0drqq" }, { "id": "pair-tu-llegar-form", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ar-verbs", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + llegar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "llegas" }, "speak": { "text": "llegas", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "zlpx5cp53z0e" }, { "id": "pair-ellas-hablar-form", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ar-verbs", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "ellas + hablar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "hablan" }, "speak": { "text": "hablan", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1a41tso1k3oxh8" }, { "id": "cloze-ella-estudia-guadalajara", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ar-verbs" ], "template": "Ella ___ en Guadalajara. (to study)", "answer": "estudia", "distractors": [ "estudio", "estudian", "estudiamos" ], "explanation": "Ella takes the same form as usted and Ă©l: estudia. Estudio goes with yo, estudian goes with ustedes, ellos and ellas, and estudiamos goes with nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Ella estudia en Guadalajara.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "10n4kvr12dy0s1" }, { "id": "cloze-ustedes-trabajan-monterrey", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ar-verbs", "pronouns" ], "template": "Ustedes ___ en Monterrey. (trabajar)", "answer": "trabajan", "distractors": [ "trabaja", "trabajo", "trabajamos" ], "explanation": "Ustedes takes the same form as ellos and ellas: trabajan. Trabaja is the usted, Ă©l and ella form, trabajo goes with yo, and trabajamos goes with nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Ustedes trabajan en Monterrey.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1yqgfon1g6dex1" }, { "id": "mcq-taqueria-necesito-pesos", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are short of cash at a taquerĂ­a in Oaxaca and tell your friend: \"I need twenty pesos.\" Which Spanish sentence says that?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesitas veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesito veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesita veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesitamos veinte pesos." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The ending -o shows I: necesito. Necesitas is the tĂș form, necesita is the usted, Ă©l and ella form, and necesitamos is the nosotros form.", "speak": { "text": "Necesito veinte pesos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ade1hf1b20bhr" }, { "id": "mcq-usted-habla-formal", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You meet your friend's grandmother in Guadalajara and speak to her formally. Which sentence says \"You speak Spanish\" to her?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted hablas español." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted hablan español." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted hablo español." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted habla español." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Usted takes the same form as Ă©l and ella: habla. Hablas is the tĂș form, hablan goes with ustedes, ellos and ellas, and hablo is the yo form.", "speak": { "text": "Usted habla español.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "la7au5ndkiop" }, { "id": "tf-nosotras-ending-unchanged", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "pronouns", "ar-verbs" ], "statement": "With nosotras, the verb ending changes to show that the group is made up only of women.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Nosotras and ellas are for groups of only women, and the verb form does not change: Nosotras llegamos a las ocho means We arrive at eight.", "speak": { "text": "Nosotras llegamos a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "5ubt24hmn6jw" }, { "id": "fact-dropping-the-pronoun", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "title": "Spanish usually leaves out the subject pronoun", "body": "Because the ending already shows who is acting, Spanish usually leaves out the subject pronoun. You say **Hablo español.** (*I speak Spanish.*) with no **yo**, because the ending **-o** already means *I*. The same goes for the other persons: **ÂżDĂłnde trabajas?** (*Where do you work?*) and **Estudiamos en Oaxaca.** (*We study in Oaxaca.*) Using the pronoun is not a mistake, as in **Yo estudio español.** (*I study Spanish.*), but leaving it out is the usual pattern, so make that your default.", "speak": { "text": "Hablo español.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-board-ending-shows-who", "mcq-estudiamos-oaxaca-who", "pair-donde-trabajas-question", "tf-yo-estudio-not-a-mistake" ], "uid": "1bk3ytnxwdktz" }, { "id": "fact-keep-pronoun-three-cases", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "title": "Keep the pronoun for contrast, clarity or courtesy", "body": "Keep the pronoun in three cases. For emphasis or contrast: **Yo trabajo, tĂș estudias.** (*I work, you study.*) To make clear who is meant when forms are shared: **habla** can mean **usted**, **Ă©l** or **ella**, and **hablan** can mean **ustedes**, **ellos** or **ellas**, so if the context does not settle it, add the pronoun: **Ella habla español.** (*She speaks Spanish.*) As a courtesy: speakers often keep **usted** in polite speech, as in **ÂżHabla usted español?** (*Do you speak Spanish? Formal.*)", "speak": { "text": "Yo trabajo, tĂș estudias.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-habla-usted-polite", "cloze-yo-trabajo-contrast", "mcq-hablan-ingles-who" ], "uid": "1lbp5s9l51dh1" }, { "id": "fact-it-has-no-subject-word", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "title": "Spanish usually has no subject word for it", "body": "English statements need a subject, even an empty *it*. Spanish usually has no word for *it* as a subject, so the verb stands alone: **Es importante.** (*It is important.*) **Es importante estudiar.** (*It is important to study.*) As a subject, do not translate *it* with **Ă©l** or **ella**, which usually stand for people.", "speak": { "text": "Es importante estudiar.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-it-no-subject-word", "pair-es-importante-it" ], "uid": "7mouxq14c6f4y" }, { "id": "pair-donde-trabajas-question", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżDĂłnde trabajas?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Where do you work?" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżDĂłnde trabajas?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ujezd51c93mf" }, { "id": "pair-es-importante-it", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Es importante." }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "It is important." }, "speak": { "text": "Es importante.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "qmjwp41d63wsw" }, { "id": "cloze-yo-trabajo-contrast", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "template": "___ trabajo, tĂș estudias. (I work, you study.)", "answer": "Yo", "distractors": [ "Él", "Nosotros", "Ustedes" ], "explanation": "Trabajo is the yo form, and the pronoun is kept here to contrast I with you: Yo trabajo, tĂș estudias. Él, nosotros and ustedes take other forms of trabajar.", "speak": { "text": "Yo trabajo, tĂș estudias.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "19jzfgjo3ow1t" }, { "id": "cloze-habla-usted-polite", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "template": "ÂżHabla ___ español? (Do you speak Spanish? Formal.)", "answer": "usted", "distractors": [ "tĂș", "yo", "ustedes" ], "explanation": "Speakers often keep usted in polite speech, even when the verb already makes the subject clear: ÂżHabla usted español? TĂș, yo and ustedes do not go with habla.", "speak": { "text": "ÂżHabla usted español?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "58v78012ghnw8" }, { "id": "mcq-estudiamos-oaxaca-who", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A new friend says \"Estudiamos en Oaxaca.\" She leaves out the subject pronoun. Which subject does the verb ending show?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "I" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "You (informal)" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "We" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "They" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The ending -amos shows we, so Estudiamos en Oaxaca means We study in Oaxaca. Spanish usually leaves out nosotros because the ending already shows the person.", "speak": { "text": "Estudiamos en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "s9nz331gf0v7d" }, { "id": "mcq-hablan-ingles-who", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend sends you a text that says only \"Hablan inglĂ©s.\" Which group of pronouns could be the missing subject?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes, ellos or ellas" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted, Ă©l or ella" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotros or nosotras" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Yo or tĂș" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Hablan is the form for ustedes, ellos and ellas. Habla would go with usted, Ă©l and ella, hablamos with nosotros and nosotras, and hablo or hablas with yo or tĂș. If the context does not settle it, add the pronoun.", "speak": { "text": "Hablan inglĂ©s.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ot0txc1w8insc" }, { "id": "tf-yo-estudio-not-a-mistake", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "statement": "Using the pronoun, as in Yo estudio español, is not a mistake in Spanish.", "isTrue": true, "why": "Using the pronoun is not a mistake, and in some countries speakers use it often. Leaving it out is still the usual pattern, so make that your default.", "speak": { "text": "Yo estudio español.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "148vm5m18exs5s" }, { "id": "ot-comer-stem-and-ending", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "infinitives", "endings" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your teacher asks you to split the verb comer into its stem and its ending. What do you get?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "co- + -mer" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "com- + -ar" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "com- + -ir" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "com- + -er" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "The stem is what is left when you drop the last two letters, so comer is com- + -er. Com- + -ar and com- + -ir use the endings of the other two families, and co- + -mer drops three letters.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "comer", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1g11nzavftdro" }, { "id": "ot-vivir-own-set-endings", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "endings", "ir-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A classmate wants to conjugate vivir with the same endings she just learned for hablar. What should she expect?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "They carry over, because -ar is the largest family" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Each family has its own set, so they differ" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "All three families share the same endings" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Only the stem changes, so they carry over" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The three families conjugate differently, because each family has its own set of endings. Vivir is an -ir verb, so the -ar endings of hablar do not carry over, even though -ar is the largest family.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "vivir", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ybd7v164biif" }, { "id": "ot-hablar-you-speak", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "endings", "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A classmate asks how to say \"you speak\" to a friend, using the verb hablar. Which form do you give her?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "hablas" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "hablo" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "hablamos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "hablar" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Habl- + -as gives hablas, which means you speak. Hablo means I speak, hablamos means we speak, and hablar is the infinitive, which is not conjugated.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "hablas", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "gvwr2f1vxpear" }, { "id": "ot-trabajas-monterrey-informal", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ar-verbs", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are talking informally with a friend and say: \"You work in Monterrey.\" Which Spanish sentence says that?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Trabajas en Monterrey." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Trabaja en Monterrey." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Trabajan en Monterrey." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Trabajamos en Monterrey." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The informal you (tĂș) takes the ending -as: trabajas. Trabaja goes with usted, Ă©l and ella, trabajan goes with ustedes, ellos and ellas, and trabajamos goes with nosotros and nosotras.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Trabajas en Monterrey.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "5ozmlxx52gur" }, { "id": "ot-necesitamos-veinte-pesos", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You and a friend are short of cash at a market in Oaxaca and tell a third friend: \"We need twenty pesos.\" Which Spanish sentence says that?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesitan veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesito veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesitamos veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesitas veinte pesos." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The ending -amos shows we: necesitamos. Necesitan goes with ustedes, ellos and ellas, necesito goes with yo, and necesitas goes with tĂș.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Necesitamos veinte pesos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1cueqcs1bad5te" }, { "id": "ot-ustedes-llegan-ellos", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your boss in Monterrey tells two new coworkers: \"Ustedes llegan a las ocho.\" You repeat it to a friend about those two men, with the same verb form. Which pronoun do you use?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Él" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotros" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Ustedes takes the same form as ellos and ellas, so llegan stays the same: Ellos llegan a las ocho. Él and usted take llega, and nosotros takes llegamos.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ustedes llegan a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "7o0dbau20dn" }, { "id": "cmp-habla-usted-espanol", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "pronouns", "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": "You ask a stranger, politely, whether they speak Spanish. Which question is right?", "correct": { "caption": "ÂżHabla usted español?" }, "incorrect": { "caption": "ÂżHablas usted español?" }, "explanation": "Usted takes the same verb form as Ă©l and ella, never the tĂș form: ÂżHabla usted español? Hablas is the form for tĂș.", "speak": { "text": "ÂżHabla usted español?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1p8zxqo14gig0u" }, { "id": "ot-yo-ella-contrast-sentence", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You tell a friend that you speak Spanish but your sister speaks English, keeping both pronouns to contrast the two of you. Which sentence is right?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Yo hablo español, pero tĂș hablas inglĂ©s." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ella hablo español, pero yo habla inglĂ©s." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotras hablamos español, pero ellas hablan inglĂ©s." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Yo hablo español, pero ella habla inglĂ©s." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Yo hablo español, pero ella habla inglĂ©s keeps yo and ella to contrast two people, and each verb agrees with its pronoun. TĂș would mean you, not your sister.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Yo hablo español, pero ella habla inglĂ©s.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "towcni7x9rya" }, { "id": "ot-it-no-subject-word", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your teacher writes four sentences on the board. Which one has a mistake?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Necesito veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Él es importante estudiar." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ella estudia en Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Trabajo en la Ciudad de MĂ©xico." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Él es importante estudiar uses Ă©l for it, but Ă©l usually stands for a person, and Spanish has no subject word for it: Es importante estudiar. The other three are right. Keeping a pronoun for a person, as in Ella estudia en Guadalajara, is not a mistake.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Es importante estudiar.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "uxelhl1kiwwu1" }, { "id": "ot-estudian-monterrey-no-pronoun", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your two cousins study in Monterrey. You tell a friend in the usual way, with no subject pronoun. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Estudio en Monterrey." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Estudia en Monterrey." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Estudian en Monterrey." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Estudiamos en Monterrey." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The ending -an shows they, so the pronoun can be left out: Estudian en Monterrey. Estudia is for one person, estudio means I, and estudiamos means we.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Estudian en Monterrey.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "s9p78n19qtr93" }, { "id": "fact-comer-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "endings" ], "title": "Comer takes the endings -o, -es, -e, -emos, -en", "body": "The stem of **comer** (*to eat*) is **com-**, and the present-tense endings for regular -er verbs are **-o, -es, -e, -emos, -en**. That gives **como** (*I eat*), **comes** (*you eat, informal*), **come**, **comemos** (*we eat*) and **comen**. **Usted** shares **come** with **Ă©l** and **ella**, and **ustedes** shares **comen** with **ellos** and **ellas**. **Como tacos.** (*I eat tacos.*)", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Friends sharing a plate of tacos around a table at a casual Mexican restaurant.", "imageSearchTerm": "friends eating tacos", "alt": "Two people reaching for tacos on a plate.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Los Muertos Crew · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-holding-tortilla-with-beef-7613560/", "subject": "Close-up of two people's hands reaching for beef tacos with cilantro on a ceramic plate at a wooden table; terracotta pot of poblano and habanero peppers in the foreground, tortilla basket behind.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-comer-present.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Como, comes, come, comemos, comen.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-comer-stem-and-ending", "cloze-ustedes-comen-tamales", "mcq-usted-come-tacos" ], "uid": "1t6sqk9qbvr1t" }, { "id": "fact-beber-aprender-tomar", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "ar-verbs" ], "title": "Beber and aprender follow comer; tomar is also heard in Mexico", "body": "**Beber** (*to drink*) and **aprender** (*to learn*) take the same endings. In the usual order (**yo**, **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella**, **nosotros**, **ustedes / ellos / ellas**) the forms are **bebo, bebes, bebe, bebemos, beben** and **aprendo, aprendes, aprende, aprendemos, aprenden**, as in **Bebo agua.** (*I drink water.*) In Mexico you will also hear **tomar** for drinking: **Tomo un cafĂ©.** (*I'm having a coffee.*) **Tomar** is a regular -ar verb, so it takes the -ar endings: **tomo, tomas, toma, tomamos, toman**.", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person sipping a coffee at a cafĂ© table in the morning.", "imageSearchTerm": "person drinking coffee cafe", "alt": "A man holding a cup of coffee at a cafĂ© counter.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Priscilla Du Preez 🇹🇩 · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/shallow-focus-photo-of-person-holding-white-ceramic-mug-and-saucer-rAK3hSQR07w", "subject": "Close-up of a smiling man (face cropped at the nose) holding a white cup of latte with latte art on a saucer at a wooden counter, variegated green plants in the foreground.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-beber-aprender-tomar.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Tomo un cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-lunch-bebo-agua", "ot-tomo-un-cafe", "ot-ustedes-beben-agua", "pair-aprender-meaning", "tf-tomar-regular-ar" ], "uid": "jpnmuq1qpm3k2" }, { "id": "fact-leer-double-e", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "endings" ], "title": "Leer keeps both e's: lees, lee, leemos, leen", "body": "**Leer** (*to read*) takes the same endings, with one spelling point. Its stem, **le-**, already ends in e, so four of its forms have two e's in a row. Keep both. The forms are **leo** (*I read*), **lees** (*you read, informal*), **lee** (*he, she reads*), **leemos** (*we read*) and **leen** (*they read*).", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person reading a newspaper at a table.", "imageSearchTerm": "person reading newspaper", "alt": "A woman reading a newspaper by a window.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Priscilla Du Preez 🇹🇩 · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/woman-in-brown-long-sleeve-shirt-sitting-by-the-window-GgtxccOjIXE", "subject": "A woman with short dark hair in a brown cardigan, seen from behind, sitting in a dim lounge by a window and reading an open broadsheet newspaper; newspaper text unreadable; no table.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-leer-double-e.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Leo, lees, lee, leemos, leen.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ana-lee-periodico", "ot-leemos-periodico", "pair-tu-leer-lees" ], "uid": "1r5td751i3jdi1" }, { "id": "pair-aprender-meaning", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "infinitives" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "aprender" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "to learn" }, "speak": { "text": "aprender", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "gn4q9eglcm0i" }, { "id": "pair-tu-leer-lees", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + leer" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "lees" }, "speak": { "text": "tĂș lees", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1avb6wq1g66epc" }, { "id": "cloze-ana-lee-periodico", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "er-verbs" ], "template": "Ana ___ el periĂłdico. (to read)", "answer": "lee", "distractors": [ "leo", "leemos", "leen" ], "explanation": "Ana is one person, so leer takes the same form as usted, Ă©l and ella: lee. The yo form is leo, the nosotros form is leemos, and leen goes with ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Ana lee el periĂłdico.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1oqxxzsivy0lk" }, { "id": "cloze-ustedes-comen-tamales", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "pronouns" ], "template": "Ustedes ___ tamales. (comer)", "answer": "comen", "distractors": [ "come", "comemos", "como" ], "explanation": "Ustedes takes the same form as ellos and ellas: comen. Come goes with usted, Ă©l and ella, comemos with nosotros, and como with yo.", "speak": { "text": "Ustedes comen tamales.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "g4idto142jizu" }, { "id": "mcq-lunch-bebo-agua", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At lunch a new coworker asks what you drink. Which Spanish sentence says, \"I drink water\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Bebes agua." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Bebo agua." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Bebemos agua." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Beben agua." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "You are the one speaking, so beber takes the yo form: bebo. Bebes is for tĂș, bebemos for nosotros, and beben for ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Bebo agua.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1gz5f49ias0ib" }, { "id": "mcq-usted-come-tacos", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are chatting with an older neighbor and using usted. Which sentence says to her, \"You eat tacos\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted comes tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted comen tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted come tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted comemos tacos." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Usted takes the same form as Ă©l and ella: come. Comes is the tĂș form and does not go with usted; comen is for ustedes, and comemos is for nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Usted come tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "tv1o881qveewy" }, { "id": "tf-tomar-regular-ar", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "ar-verbs", "er-verbs" ], "statement": "Tomar, which you also hear for drinking in Mexico, is a regular -er verb.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Tomar is a regular -ar verb, so it takes the Lesson 1 endings: tomo, tomas, toma, tomamos, toman.", "speak": { "text": "Tomo, tomas, toma, tomamos, toman.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "kvd68k3k8de8" }, { "id": "fact-vivir-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "endings" ], "title": "Vivir takes the endings -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en", "body": "The stem of **vivir** (*to live*) is **viv-**, and the present-tense endings for regular -ir verbs are **-o, -es, -e, -imos, -en**. That gives **vivo** (*I live*), **vives** (*you live, informal*), **vive**, **vivimos** (*we live*) and **viven**. **Vive** also goes with **usted**, **Ă©l** and **ella**, and **viven** with **ustedes**, **ellos** and **ellas**.", "speak": { "text": "Vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, viven.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of a row of small colourful houses on a quiet street, no text, no people.", "imageSearchTerm": "row of colorful houses", "alt": "A row of colourful houses along a street.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · park dasol · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/yellow-and-red-concrete-houses-hHdHCfAifHU", "subject": "A street running between rows of bright yellow, red and orange three-storey townhouses under a blue sky, with an empty road and a yellow centre line.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-vivir-present.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nosotros-vivimos", "cmp-vivimos-en-oaxaca", "mcq-vivo-guadalajara" ], "uid": "17ws9ma1ppnp56" }, { "id": "fact-escribir-abrir-recibir", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "endings" ], "title": "Escribir, abrir and recibir take the same -ir endings", "body": "Three more -ir verbs take the same endings as **vivir**, in the same order (**yo**, **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella**, **nosotros**, **ustedes / ellos / ellas**). **Escribir** (*to write*): **escribo, escribes, escribe, escribimos, escriben**. **Abrir** (*to open*): **abro, abres, abre, abrimos, abren**. **Recibir** (*to receive*): **recibo, recibes, recibe, recibimos, reciben**.", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person opening a letter at a table.", "imageSearchTerm": "person opening letter", "alt": "Hands taking a card out of an envelope.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Angela Roma · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-woman-taking-out-a-blank-piece-of-paper-form-an-envelope-7318931/", "subject": "Top-down view of a woman's hands (gold ring on one finger) holding a kraft envelope with a blank white card sliding out of it, on a rustic wooden table beside a window; clean, no readable text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-escribir-abrir-recibir.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Escribo, abro, recibo.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ustedes-reciben-carta", "ot-ana-abre-puerta", "ot-escribimos-mensaje", "ot-usted-recibe-carta", "pair-abrir-meaning", "pair-tu-escribir-escribes" ], "uid": "b2zltax2ts2w" }, { "id": "fact-er-ir-nosotros-clue", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "ir-verbs", "endings" ], "title": "The nosotros ending is a clue: -amos, -emos or -imos", "body": "Among the forms you are learning, regular -er and -ir verbs differ only in the **nosotros** form: **comemos** (*we eat*) but **vivimos** (*we live*). Every other form ends the same way in both families: **como** and **vivo**, **comes** and **vives**, **come** and **vive**, **comen** and **viven**. So the nosotros ending is a clue to the family: **-amos** for -ar, **-emos** for -er and **-imos** for -ir, as in **hablamos**, **comemos** and **vivimos**.", "speak": { "text": "Hablamos, comemos, vivimos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nosotros-vivimos", "cmp-vivimos-en-oaxaca", "mcq-nosotros-clue-comemos", "tf-er-ir-differ-nosotros" ], "uid": "12v213ltpxc4t" }, { "id": "pair-abrir-meaning", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "infinitives" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "abrir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "to open" }, "speak": { "text": "abrir", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1u8pcbd4f3hmj" }, { "id": "pair-tu-escribir-escribes", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + escribir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "escribes" }, "speak": { "text": "tĂș escribes", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1a10ajgkacyk6" }, { "id": "cloze-nosotros-vivimos", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "endings" ], "template": "Nosotros ___ en Monterrey. (vivir)", "answer": "vivimos", "distractors": [ "viven", "vivemos", "vive" ], "explanation": "With nosotros, a regular -ir verb takes -imos: vivimos. Vivemos borrows the -er ending and is not a form of vivir. Viven is for ustedes, ellos and ellas, and vive for usted, Ă©l and ella.", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros vivimos en Monterrey.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1net8y212aytik" }, { "id": "cloze-ustedes-reciben-carta", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "pronouns" ], "template": "Ustedes ___ una carta. (recibir)", "answer": "reciben", "distractors": [ "recibe", "recibimos", "recibo" ], "explanation": "Ustedes takes the same form as ellos and ellas: reciben. Recibe goes with usted, Ă©l and ella, recibimos with nosotros, and recibo with yo.", "speak": { "text": "Ustedes reciben una carta.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "13x3tbsxhjfum" }, { "id": "mcq-vivo-guadalajara", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A new coworker asks where you live. Which Spanish sentence says, \"I live in Guadalajara\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Vives en Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vivimos en Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Viven en Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vivo en Guadalajara." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "You are the one speaking, so vivir takes the yo form: vivo. Vives is for tĂș, vivimos for nosotros, and viven for ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Vivo en Guadalajara.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1cgdxmy1qwv0e8" }, { "id": "mcq-nosotros-clue-comemos", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "endings" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "The nosotros ending is a clue to the verb family. Which of these forms comes from an -er verb?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "comemos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "hablamos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "vivimos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "tomamos" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The ending -emos marks an -er verb: comemos comes from comer. Hablamos and tomamos end in -amos (-ar verbs), and vivimos ends in -imos (an -ir verb).", "speak": { "text": "Comemos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "jdnlyn83svo5" }, { "id": "tf-er-ir-differ-nosotros", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "ir-verbs" ], "statement": "Among the forms you are learning, regular -er and -ir verbs differ only in the nosotros form: comemos but vivimos.", "isTrue": true, "why": "Every other form ends the same way in both families: como and vivo, comes and vives, come and vive, comen and viven.", "speak": { "text": "Comemos, vivimos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "137en5cenbvrw" }, { "id": "fact-present-habits-and-facts", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "present-uses" ], "title": "The present covers habits, routines and what is true now", "body": "The Spanish present describes habits and routines, what you do regularly: **Como a las dos.** (*I eat at two.*) and **Escribo todos los dĂ­as.** (*I write every day.*) In Mexico, **comer** can also mean *to have the main meal of the day*, so **Como a las dos** can mean *I have my main meal at two*. It also describes things that are true now, such as where you live, and general facts: **Vivimos en Oaxaca.** (*We live in Oaxaca.*) and **Los niños aprenden rĂĄpido.** (*Children learn fast.*)", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A family sitting down to a midday meal together at a table.", "imageSearchTerm": "family midday meal table", "alt": "A family sharing a meal at the table.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · National Cancer Institute · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/family-eating-at-the-table-BQPi8F_UON0", "subject": "A smiling father, mother and young daughter at a glass dining table with rice, a stir-fry and chopsticks, the girl feeding her mother a piece of fruit, in a bright kitchen with daylight through vertical blinds; no text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-present-habits-and-facts.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Escribo todos los dĂ­as.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-como-a-las-dos", "cloze-ninos-aprenden-rapido", "mcq-escribo-todos-los-dias", "ot-como-main-meal" ], "uid": "3u50ql1yqsm8h" }, { "id": "fact-present-right-now", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "present-uses" ], "title": "The present can describe what is happening right now", "body": "The present can also describe an action happening right now. Where English says \"I'm reading,\" Spanish can use the plain present, so **leo** can mean *I read* or *I'm reading*, and the situation tells you which. **ÂżQuĂ© lees?** (*What are you reading?*) **Leo un libro.** (*I'm reading a book.*)", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person reading a book on a sofa.", "imageSearchTerm": "person reading book sofa", "alt": "A person reading a book on a sofa.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Lenin Estrada · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/woman-holding-book-sitting-on-pink-fabric-sofa-GCpyNh39kOc", "subject": "A woman seen from behind, reclining on a coral sofa with a patterned cushion and white fleece throw in warm window light, reading an open paperback; page text not legible, no logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-present-right-now.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Leo un libro.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-leo-phone-reading", "pair-leer-que-lees" ], "uid": "1xjv6wr1pijlw1" }, { "id": "fact-present-near-future", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "present-uses", "plans" ], "title": "The present can describe a fixed plan with a time word", "body": "The present can describe a fixed plan in the near future, usually with a time word that shows when: **mañana** (*tomorrow*), **el lunes** (*on Monday*) or a clock time. **Mañana trabajo.** (*I'm working tomorrow.*) **El tren llega a las ocho.** (*The train arrives at eight.*) **Recibimos la carta el lunes.** (*We get the letter on Monday.*) So **trabajo** can mean *I work* or *I'm working*, depending on the situation and the time word.", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A train arriving at a station platform.", "imageSearchTerm": "train arriving station platform", "alt": "A train arriving at a station platform.", "depictable": true, "credit": "laszlo-photo (Openverse) · by 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/40467171@N00/2925606089", "subject": "A white Japanese Shinkansen with an amber headlight, slightly motion-blurred, pulling in beside a platform with yellow tactile paving under overhead wires; portrait 643x1024, wide-angle distortion, no train markings or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-present-near-future.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Mañana trabajo.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-recibimos-lunes", "ot-tren-llega-ocho", "pair-manana-trabajo", "tf-lunes-time-word" ], "uid": "u0987aah335c" }, { "id": "pair-leer-que-lees", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "present-uses" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© lees?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "What are you reading?" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżQuĂ© lees?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "8f5r081xuxqj2" }, { "id": "pair-manana-trabajo", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "present-uses", "plans" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Mañana trabajo." }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "I'm working tomorrow." }, "speak": { "text": "Mañana trabajo.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1v3lapda4pfhv" }, { "id": "cloze-ninos-aprenden-rapido", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "present-uses", "er-verbs" ], "template": "Los niños ___ rĂĄpido. (aprender)", "answer": "aprenden", "distractors": [ "aprende", "aprendemos", "aprendo" ], "explanation": "Los niños stands for more than one person, so it takes the form of ustedes, ellos and ellas: aprenden. Aprende is singular, aprendemos goes with nosotros and aprendo with yo. The present also states general facts, such as Children learn fast.", "speak": { "text": "Los niños aprenden rĂĄpido.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1apr9sj8zbdx1" }, { "id": "cloze-como-a-las-dos", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "present-uses", "er-verbs" ], "template": "Yo ___ a las dos. (comer)", "answer": "como", "distractors": [ "comes", "comemos", "comen" ], "explanation": "Yo takes the -o form: como. Comes goes with tĂș, comemos with nosotros, and comen with ustedes, ellos and ellas. In Mexico, comer can also mean to have the main meal of the day.", "speak": { "text": "Yo como a las dos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1lz97nv10arxk3" }, { "id": "mcq-escribo-todos-los-dias", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "present-uses", "ir-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A coworker tells you, \"Escribo todos los dĂ­as.\" What does she mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "I'm writing right now." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "I'm writing tomorrow." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "I write every day." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "I read every day." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Todos los dĂ­as (every day) shows a habit, so the plain present means I write every day. It is not an action happening right now or a plan for tomorrow, and escribir means to write, not to read.", "speak": { "text": "Escribo todos los dĂ­as.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ixw286fmkh9m" }, { "id": "mcq-leo-phone-reading", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "present-uses", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You phone a friend and ask what she is doing. She answers, \"Leo un libro.\" What does she mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "She reads a book every day." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She is reading a book right now." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She will read a book tomorrow." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She read a book yesterday." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The situation tells you which: you asked what she is doing, so Leo un libro means I'm reading a book, an action happening right now. Nothing in the sentence points to a habit, tomorrow or yesterday.", "speak": { "text": "Leo un libro.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1e49mog1khc1ng" }, { "id": "tf-lunes-time-word", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "present-uses", "plans" ], "statement": "Among time words for a near-future plan in the present tense, only mañana works; el lunes and a clock time do not.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Mañana (tomorrow), el lunes (on Monday) and a clock time all work as time words for a fixed plan in the near future.", "speak": { "text": "Mañana, el lunes.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1y1qlc91a1iqsl" }, { "id": "ot-leemos-periodico", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "endings" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You and a friend read the newspaper together every morning. How do you tell a neighbor, \"We read the newspaper\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Leemos el periĂłdico." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lemos el periĂłdico." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Leen el periĂłdico." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Lees el periĂłdico." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Leer keeps both e's, and the nosotros ending is -emos: leemos. Lemos drops an e, so it is not a form of leer. Leen is for ustedes, ellos and ellas, and lees is for tĂș.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Leemos el periĂłdico.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ywxrlrrgajb1" }, { "id": "ot-ustedes-beben-agua", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "er-verbs", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are talking to your two cousins and using ustedes. Which sentence says to them, \"You all drink water\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes bebe agua." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes bebes agua." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes bebemos agua." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes beben agua." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Ustedes takes the same form as ellos and ellas: beben. Bebe is the singular form for usted, Ă©l or ella, bebes is for tĂș, and bebemos is for nosotros.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ustedes beben agua.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "9ntvsxyvvyab" }, { "id": "ot-tomo-un-cafe", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In Mexico a friend texts you, \"Tomo un cafĂ©.\" What does she mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "I'm reading about coffee." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "I'm having a coffee." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "I'm learning to make coffee." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "I'm cooking with coffee." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "In Mexico you will also hear tomar for drinking, so Tomo un cafĂ© means I'm having a coffee. Reading, learning and cooking are not what tomar means here.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Tomo un cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1rk2jo5119lt71" }, { "id": "ot-escribimos-mensaje", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "endings" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You and a friend are writing a message together. How do you say, \"We write a message\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Escribemos un mensaje." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Escribimos un mensaje." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Escriben un mensaje." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Escribe un mensaje." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "With nosotros, a regular -ir verb takes -imos: escribimos. Escribemos borrows the -er ending and is not a form of escribir. Escriben is for ustedes, ellos and ellas, and escribe for usted, Ă©l and ella.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Escribimos un mensaje.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "j2ofx1zl6edb" }, { "id": "ot-usted-recibe-carta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are speaking formally to your boss, using usted. Which sentence says to her, \"You receive a letter\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted recibes una carta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted reciben una carta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted recibe una carta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted recibimos una carta." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Usted takes the same form as Ă©l and ella: recibe. Recibes is the tĂș form and does not go with usted; reciben is for ustedes, and recibimos is for nosotros.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Usted recibe una carta.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ff3a2n433npp" }, { "id": "ot-ana-abre-puerta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A visitor rings the bell and Ana answers it. How do you say, \"Ana opens the door\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana abro la puerta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana abres la puerta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana abren la puerta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana abre la puerta." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Ana is one person, so abrir takes the same form as usted, Ă©l and ella: abre. Abro is the yo form, abres the tĂș form, and abren is for ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ana abre la puerta.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "d04oqn1mr47sv" }, { "id": "cmp-vivimos-en-oaxaca", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "ir-verbs", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": "Your family lives in Oaxaca. How do you say 'We live in Oaxaca'?", "correct": { "caption": "Vivimos en Oaxaca." }, "incorrect": { "caption": "Vivemos en Oaxaca." }, "explanation": "Vivir is an -ir verb, so its nosotros ending is -imos: vivimos. The -emos ending belongs to -er verbs, as in comemos.", "speak": { "text": "Vivimos en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "19mlvtc1ozdysi" }, { "id": "ot-recibimos-lunes", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "present-uses", "plans" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A coworker writes, \"Recibimos la carta el lunes.\" When does her team get the letter?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "On Monday." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Right now." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Every day." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "On Friday." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "El lunes is the time word (on Monday), so the present describes a fixed plan in the near future: We get the letter on Monday. Nothing in the sentence says right now, every day or on Friday.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Recibimos la carta el lunes.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "160cdi114gbdtt" }, { "id": "ot-como-main-meal", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "present-uses", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In Mexico your host says she has her main meal of the day at two. Which sentence does she say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Leo a las dos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Bebo a las dos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Escribo a las dos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Como a las dos." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "In Mexico, comer can also mean to have the main meal of the day, so Como a las dos can mean I have my main meal at two. The other options mean I read, I drink and I write at two.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Como a las dos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1p10ub812og3pa" }, { "id": "ot-tren-llega-ocho", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "present-uses", "plans" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A station sign says the train is due at eight o'clock. Which sentence says, \"The train arrives at eight\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "El tren llegas a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El tren llego a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El tren llega a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El tren llegan a las ocho." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "El tren is one train, so llegar takes the form shared by usted, Ă©l and ella: llega. A clock time works as a time word, so the present can state a fixed plan. Llegas is the tĂș form, llego the yo form, and llegan goes with ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "El tren llega a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "156oezm11n1uci" }, { "id": "fact-ser-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ser" ], "title": "Ser: soy, eres, es, somos, son", "body": "**Ser** (*to be*) is irregular: its present forms do not follow the regular -er endings. Compare **como, comes, come** (*I eat, you eat, he eats*) with **soy, eres, es**. Learn all five forms as a set:\n**yo soy** — *I am*\n**tĂș eres** — *you are (informal)*\n**usted / Ă©l / ella es** — *you are (formal) / he, she is*\n**nosotros / nosotras somos** — *we are*\n**ustedes / ellos / ellas son** — *you all are / they are*", "speak": { "text": "Soy, eres, es, somos, son.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ser-ana-luis-amables", "cloze-ser-ana-maestra", "pair-ser-nosotros-somos", "pair-ser-tu-eres" ], "uid": "zytwb51brvpe5" }, { "id": "fact-ser-uses", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "title": "Ser: identity, origin, profession, traits", "body": "Use **ser** to say who someone is, where they are from, what they do and what they are like (lasting traits).\nIdentity: **Soy Diego.** — *I'm Diego.*\nOrigin, with **de**: **Soy de Guadalajara.** — *I'm from Guadalajara.* **Somos de Oaxaca.** — *We're from Oaxaca.* To ask: **ÂżDe dĂłnde eres?** — *Where are you from? (informal)*\nProfession: **Ana es maestra.** — *Ana is a teacher.*\nLasting traits: **Luis es amable.** — *Luis is kind.* **Ana y Luis son amables.** — *Ana and Luis are kind.*", "speak": { "text": "Soy Diego.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of two abstract figures greeting each other with a handshake, no faces, no text.", "imageSearchTerm": "two people shaking hands", "alt": "Two people shaking hands.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Cytonn Photography · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/two-people-shaking-hands-n95VMLxqM2I", "subject": "Close-up of two hands clasped in a handshake, blue shirt cuff on the left and light grey shirt cuff on the right, softly blurred office behind; no text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-ser-uses.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ser-ana-luis-amables", "cloze-ser-ana-maestra", "mcq-ser-donde-eres", "ot-ser-somos-oaxaca" ], "uid": "1w14696ybscis" }, { "id": "fact-ser-time", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "title": "Ser tells the time: Es la una, Son las tres", "body": "Use **ser** for the time. One o'clock is the only hour that takes the singular **es**: **Es la una.** — *It's one o'clock.* The hours from two to twelve take **son**: **Son las tres.** — *It's three o'clock.* **Son las doce.** — *It's twelve o'clock.*", "speak": { "text": "Es la una. Son las tres.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat, clean illustration of a round wall clock with simple hands, no numerals beyond the dial, no text.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog wall clock", "alt": "An analog clock on a wall.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Ocean Ng · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/round-analog-wall-clock-pointing-at-1009-L0xOtAnv94Y", "subject": "Round black-rimmed analog wall clock on a plain white wall, numerals 1-12 and an orange second hand, hands at about 10:10, tiny maker wordmark on the dial.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-ser-time.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-ser-hora-una", "ot-ser-son-las-tres", "tf-ser-hours-two-twelve" ], "uid": "1y5ite02806jc" }, { "id": "pair-ser-tu-eres", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ser", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + ser" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "eres" }, "speak": { "text": "eres", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "17shwymsbc6r2" }, { "id": "pair-ser-nosotros-somos", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ser", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "nosotros + ser" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "somos" }, "speak": { "text": "somos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "jmj4o35wpfmr" }, { "id": "cloze-ser-ana-maestra", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "template": "Ana ___ maestra. (ser)", "answer": "es", "distractors": [ "soy", "eres", "son" ], "explanation": "Ana is one person, so ser takes es, the form for usted, Ă©l and ella: Ana es maestra. Eres goes with tĂș, soy with yo, and son with ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Ana es maestra.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1bgz981yrjy0r" }, { "id": "cloze-ser-ana-luis-amables", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "template": "Ana y Luis ___ amables. (ser)", "answer": "son", "distractors": [ "es", "somos", "eres" ], "explanation": "Ana and Luis are two people, so ser takes son, the form for ustedes, ellos and ellas: Ana y Luis son amables. The form es is for one person, somos goes with nosotros, and eres with tĂș.", "speak": { "text": "Ana y Luis son amables.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "167egtphaxyy3" }, { "id": "mcq-ser-donde-eres", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A new coworker asks you ÂżDe dĂłnde eres? You are from Guadalajara and you answer for yourself. Which reply fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Eres de Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Soy de Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Es de Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Somos de Guadalajara." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "You are one person speaking about yourself, so use soy: Soy de Guadalajara. Eres is the tĂș form, for the person you are talking to, and somos is the form for we.", "speak": { "text": "Soy de Guadalajara.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "gindyo18a6cm4" }, { "id": "mcq-ser-hora-una", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend asks what time it is. It is one o'clock. Which answer is right?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Son las una." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son la una." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Es las una." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Es la una." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "One o'clock is the only hour that takes the singular es: Es la una. The hours from two to twelve take son, so a plural verb with one o'clock is wrong.", "speak": { "text": "Es la una.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "12n7hcp1k0pxth" }, { "id": "tf-ser-hours-two-twelve", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "statement": "For the hours from two to twelve, Spanish tells the time with the singular es.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Only one o'clock takes the singular es: Es la una. The hours from two to twelve take son, as in Son las doce.", "speak": { "text": "Son las doce.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "zehcaa13zxsyg" }, { "id": "fact-estar-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "estar" ], "title": "Estar: estoy, estĂĄs, estĂĄ, estamos, estĂĄn", "body": "**Estar** (*to be*) is irregular only in small ways: the **yo** form is **estoy**, and three forms carry a written accent. Learn the set: **estoy, estĂĄs, estĂĄ, estamos, estĂĄn**.\n**yo estoy** — *I am*\n**tĂș estĂĄs** — *you are (informal)*\n**usted / Ă©l / ella estĂĄ** — *you are (formal) / he, she is*\n**nosotros / nosotras estamos** — *we are*\n**ustedes / ellos / ellas estĂĄn** — *you all are / they are*", "speak": { "text": "Estoy, estĂĄs, estĂĄ, estamos, estĂĄn.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-estar-nosotros-monterrey", "pair-estar-tu-estas", "pair-estar-ustedes-estan" ], "uid": "7spcke1qgjask" }, { "id": "fact-estar-accents", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "estar" ], "title": "Written accents: estĂĄs, estĂĄ, estĂĄn (esta means this)", "body": "Spanish words that end in a vowel, -n or -s are normally stressed on the next-to-last syllable. In **estĂĄs**, **estĂĄ** and **estĂĄn** the stress falls on the last syllable instead (**es-TÁS**, **es-TÁ**, **es-TÁN**), so each one gets a written accent. **Estoy** and **estamos** have no written accent.\nWithout the accent, **esta** is a different word. It means *this*: **Esta casa estĂĄ en Oaxaca.** — *This house is in Oaxaca.*", "speak": { "text": "EstĂĄs, estĂĄ, estĂĄn.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "tf-estar-esta-first-word" ], "uid": "1k3lx9m8fd8g" }, { "id": "fact-estar-uses", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "estar", "present-uses" ], "title": "Estar: location and how someone is right now", "body": "Use **estar** to say where a person, place or thing is, and how someone is right now.\n**Estoy en casa.** — *I'm at home.* **Estamos en Monterrey.** — *We're in Monterrey.*\n**ÂżCĂłmo estĂĄs?** — *How are you?* **Estoy bien, gracias.** — *I'm fine, thank you.*\n**Luis estĂĄ triste hoy.** — *Luis is sad today.*\n**Estar** gives a location even when it never changes: **Monterrey estĂĄ en MĂ©xico.** — *Monterrey is in Mexico.* So origin and location use different verbs: **Soy de Guadalajara.** — *I'm from Guadalajara.* **Estoy en Oaxaca.** — *I'm in Oaxaca.*", "speak": { "text": "Estoy en casa.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of a cosy living room with a sofa and a lamp, no text, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "person relaxing on sofa", "alt": "A person relaxing on a sofa at home.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Ivan S · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-an-elderly-woman-reading-a-book-while-sitting-on-a-sofa-7394787/", "subject": "Senior woman barefoot on a pink sofa in a pastel-pink living room reading a book, glass coffee table with books in front.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-estar-uses.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-estar-monterrey-mexico", "cloze-estar-nosotros-monterrey", "cmp-estoy-en-oaxaca", "mcq-estar-como-estas", "mcq-estar-oaxaca-ahora", "ot-estar-estamos-bien", "ot-estar-luis-triste" ], "uid": "4sly1m1uce8ys" }, { "id": "pair-estar-tu-estas", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "estar", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + estar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "estĂĄs" }, "speak": { "text": "estĂĄs", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "tae8zm54iwwc" }, { "id": "pair-estar-ustedes-estan", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "estar", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "ustedes + estar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "estĂĄn" }, "speak": { "text": "estĂĄn", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "cc95cm1tn9h2i" }, { "id": "cloze-estar-nosotros-monterrey", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "estar", "present-uses" ], "template": "Nosotros ___ en Monterrey. (estar)", "answer": "estamos", "distractors": [ "estoy", "estĂĄ", "estĂĄn" ], "explanation": "Nosotros (we) takes estamos, and estar gives the location: Estamos en Monterrey. Estamos has no written accent. Estoy is for yo, estĂĄ for usted, Ă©l and ella, and estĂĄn for ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros estamos en Monterrey.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1b9tb0g6px2dm" }, { "id": "cloze-estar-monterrey-mexico", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "estar", "present-uses" ], "template": "Monterrey ___ en MĂ©xico. (Monterrey is in Mexico.)", "answer": "estĂĄ", "distractors": [ "es", "estoy", "estĂĄn" ], "explanation": "Estar gives a location even when it never changes, so Monterrey takes estĂĄ, not es: Monterrey estĂĄ en MĂ©xico. Estoy goes with yo and estĂĄn with ustedes, ellos and ellas. Without the accent, esta would mean this.", "speak": { "text": "Monterrey estĂĄ en MĂ©xico.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "le7qqn1bu5b35" }, { "id": "mcq-estar-oaxaca-ahora", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "estar", "ser", "present-uses" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend in Monterrey texts to ask where you are right now. You are in Oaxaca, though you are from Guadalajara. What do you answer?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Soy de Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Soy en Oaxaca." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Estoy en Oaxaca." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Estoy de Guadalajara." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Where you are right now is a location, so use estar: Estoy en Oaxaca. Soy de Guadalajara says where you are from, not where you are now.", "speak": { "text": "Estoy en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "11u1v2q1gqzvq" }, { "id": "mcq-estar-como-estas", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "estar", "present-uses" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At work, a coworker greets you with ÂżCĂłmo estĂĄs? You feel fine and answer for yourself. Which reply fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Estoy bien, gracias." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Soy bien, gracias." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "EstĂĄs bien, gracias." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "EstĂĄn bien, gracias." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "How someone is right now takes estar, and you answer about yourself with the yo form: Estoy bien, gracias. EstĂĄs is the form for the person you are talking to. Soy would use ser, which says what someone is like.", "speak": { "text": "Estoy bien, gracias.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "141b7qsqjbq1w" }, { "id": "tf-estar-esta-first-word", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "estar" ], "statement": "In Esta casa estĂĄ en Oaxaca, the first word, esta, is a verb form that means 'is'.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Without the accent, esta is a different word and means this. The verb is the second word, estĂĄ, which carries the accent: This house is in Oaxaca.", "speak": { "text": "Esta casa estĂĄ en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "21b3tdbrck9" }, { "id": "fact-ir-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ir" ], "title": "Ir: voy, vas, va, vamos, van", "body": "**Ir** (*to go*) is irregular, so learn its five forms as a set: **voy, vas, va, vamos, van**.\n**yo voy** — *I go*\n**tĂș vas** — *you go (informal)*\n**usted / Ă©l / ella va** — *you go (formal) / he, she goes*\n**nosotros / nosotras vamos** — *we go*\n**ustedes / ellos / ellas van** — *you all go / they go*\n**Voy** can also mean *I'm going*. The **yo** forms of ser, estar and ir all end in -oy: **soy**, **estoy**, **voy**.", "speak": { "text": "Voy, vas, va, vamos, van.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of a walking figure with a backpack on a path, no face, no text.", "imageSearchTerm": "person walking with backpack", "alt": "A person walking along a street with a backpack.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Clem Onojeghuo · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/man-wearing-black-hat-and-white-dress-shirt-walking-on-street-near-orange-gate-qrVBTtvA2io", "subject": "Man in a black hat, white shirt, black shorts and white knee socks walking in profile along a street with a dark backpack, in front of a bright orange folding door with yellow road markings on the asphalt.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-ir-present.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ir-ella-leer-libro", "pair-ir-tu-vas", "pair-ir-yo-voy" ], "uid": "ak9hx075tpac" }, { "id": "fact-ir-a-place", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ir" ], "title": "Ir a + place, and a + el = al", "body": "To say where you are going, use **ir** + **a** + the place: **Voy a Oaxaca.** — *I'm going to Oaxaca.*\nWhen **a** comes before **el** (*the*), the two words join: **a** + **el** = **al**. **Voy al mercado.** — *I'm going to the market.*\nOnly **el** joins with **a**. Before **la**, **los** and **las**, the **a** stays separate: **Voy a la Ciudad de MĂ©xico.** — *I'm going to Mexico City.*\nOne exception to **al** is a place name that begins with **El**: in writing, it keeps both words, as in **Vamos a El Salvador.** — *We're going to El Salvador.*", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person walking into a busy open-air market in Mexico, with stalls of fruit and vegetables ahead.", "imageSearchTerm": "walking into Mexican market", "alt": "Shoppers walking past street stalls on a colorful Mexican street.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Amar Preciado · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/view-of-people-walking-in-an-alley-with-market-stalls-in-guanajuato-mexico-19738084/", "subject": "Busy cobbled street of colourful colonial buildings with souvenir and trinket stalls on the left and shoppers walking; Pexels titles it Guanajuato, Mexico; a couple of small flags, no brand logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-ir-a-place.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Voy a Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ir-al-mercado", "ot-ir-a-la-ciudad", "tf-ir-only-el-joins" ], "uid": "1rc26gi1skfqlk" }, { "id": "fact-ir-a-infinitive", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "ir", "plans" ], "title": "Ir a + infinitive for plans, and vamos a for let's", "body": "Put **a** and an infinitive after **ir** to say what you are going to do (plans, the near future). Only **ir** changes: the second verb stays in the infinitive, and you keep the **a**.\n**Ella va a leer un libro.** — *She's going to read a book.*\n**Van a llegar tarde.** — *They're going to arrive late.*\n**ÂżQuĂ© vas a hacer?** — *What are you going to do?*\n**Voy a trabajar mañana.** — *I'm going to work tomorrow.*\nWith **nosotros**, **vamos a** + infinitive can also mean *let's*: **Vamos a comer tacos.** — *We're going to eat tacos* or *Let's eat tacos.* Context and tone tell you which.", "speak": { "text": "Voy a trabajar mañana.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of an open weekly planner with a pen beside it, no legible text.", "imageSearchTerm": "planner and pen on desk", "alt": "A paper planner and pen on a desk.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · 2H Media · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/a-planner-with-a-pen-on-top-of-it-TkHbz4Yk348", "subject": "Open hardback 'MONTHLY PLANNER' (Monday to Saturday grid) with a blue pen and a teal sticky note on a pale marble desk surface.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-ir-a-infinitive.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ir-ella-leer-libro", "mcq-ir-vamos-tacos-lets", "mcq-ir-van-llegar-tarde", "ot-ir-trabajar-manana" ], "uid": "1h82gzw20282w" }, { "id": "pair-ir-yo-voy", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ir", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "yo + ir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "voy" }, "speak": { "text": "voy", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "xsdt781wvb344" }, { "id": "pair-ir-tu-vas", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "ir", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + ir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "vas" }, "speak": { "text": "vas", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "4gaihm13u79te" }, { "id": "cloze-ir-ella-leer-libro", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ir", "plans" ], "template": "Ella ___ a leer un libro. (ir)", "answer": "va", "distractors": [ "voy", "vamos", "van" ], "explanation": "Ella is one person, so ir takes va, the same form as for usted and Ă©l: Ella va a leer un libro. Voy goes with yo, vamos with nosotros, and van with ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Ella va a leer un libro.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "l4eki013creb8" }, { "id": "cloze-ir-al-mercado", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "ir" ], "template": "Voy ___ mercado. (I'm going to the market.)", "answer": "al", "distractors": [ "a el", "a la", "a" ], "explanation": "The market is el mercado, and when a comes before el the two words join as al: Voy al mercado. Writing them apart (a el) is wrong, a la would not match mercado, and a alone leaves out the article.", "speak": { "text": "Voy al mercado.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ewo1hb3p0tgz" }, { "id": "mcq-ir-vamos-tacos-lets", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir", "plans" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You and a friend are hungry. You want to suggest that the two of you eat tacos. Which sentence says 'Let's eat tacos'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Vamos a comer tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy a comer tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Van a comer tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vas a comer tacos." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "With nosotros, vamos a + infinitive can also mean let's: Vamos a comer tacos. Voy, van and vas talk about one person or about other people, not about the two of you.", "speak": { "text": "Vamos a comer tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1hzo3hta7fhk5" }, { "id": "mcq-ir-van-llegar-tarde", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir", "plans" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your friends are stuck in traffic. You text a coworker that they are going to arrive late. Which Spanish fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Van a llegan tarde." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Van a llegar tarde." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Van llegar tarde." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vamos a llegar tarde." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "In ir a + infinitive only ir changes, so they go with van, and the second verb stays in the infinitive, llegar. You keep the a between the two verbs. Vamos would mean we.", "speak": { "text": "Van a llegar tarde.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1cia24n17o33tf" }, { "id": "tf-ir-only-el-joins", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "ir" ], "statement": "Only el joins with a. Before la, los and las, the a stays separate.", "isTrue": true, "why": "Only el joins with a: a + el = al. Before la, los and las the a stays separate, as in Voy a la Ciudad de MĂ©xico.", "speak": { "text": "Voy a la Ciudad de MĂ©xico.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1gv0xzx1915uxl" }, { "id": "ot-ser-somos-oaxaca", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A neighbor asks where you and your sister are from. You are both from Oaxaca, and you answer for the two of you. What do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Somos de Oaxaca." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Soy de Oaxaca." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son de Oaxaca." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Es de Oaxaca." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "You speak for yourself and your sister, so use the nosotros form, somos: Somos de Oaxaca. Soy is for one person, and son is for ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Somos de Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "auxo1k1whduhi" }, { "id": "ot-ser-son-las-tres", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser", "present-uses" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A coworker asks you the time. Your watch says three o'clock. What do you answer?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Es las tres." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Es la tres." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son las tres." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son la tres." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The hours from two to twelve take son, so three o'clock is Son las tres. Only one o'clock takes the singular es, as in Es la una.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Son las tres.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "3hlii9s9bldx" }, { "id": "ot-ser-usted-amable", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are speaking politely, with usted, to a neighbor who just helped you. You want to say 'You are kind.' Which sentence is right?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted eres amable." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted es amable." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted son amable." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted soy amable." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Usted takes the same form as Ă©l and ella: es. Eres goes with tĂș, soy with yo and son with ustedes.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Usted es amable.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1wv2y991sj7pdl" }, { "id": "ot-estar-usted-como", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "estar", "questions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You meet an older neighbor and speak to her politely, with usted. How do you ask how she is?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCĂłmo estĂĄs usted?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCĂłmo estoy usted?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCĂłmo estĂĄn usted?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCĂłmo estĂĄ usted?" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "With usted the verb is estĂĄ, the same form as for Ă©l and ella: ÂżCĂłmo estĂĄ usted? EstĂĄs is the informal tĂș form.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżCĂłmo estĂĄ usted?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "fqkjf0mnf8ts" }, { "id": "ot-estar-luis-triste", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "estar", "ser", "present-uses" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Luis is a kind person, but today he is sad. Which sentence says how he is today?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Luis es triste hoy." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Luis estĂĄ triste hoy." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Luis estamos triste hoy." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Luis estĂĄn triste hoy." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "How Luis is today takes estar: Luis estĂĄ triste hoy. Ser says what someone is like, as in Luis es amable. Estamos goes with nosotros and estĂĄn with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Luis estĂĄ triste hoy.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "121xj841v94pby" }, { "id": "ot-estar-estamos-bien", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "estar", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your neighbor asks how you and your sister are. You both feel fine, and you answer for the two of you. What do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Estoy bien, gracias." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "EstĂĄn bien, gracias." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Estamos bien, gracias." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "EstĂĄs bien, gracias." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "You speak for two people, so use the nosotros form, estamos: Estamos bien, gracias. Estoy is for one person, and estĂĄn is for ustedes, ellos and ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Estamos bien, gracias.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1hw2mjtwel7wv" }, { "id": "cmp-estoy-en-oaxaca", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "estar" ], "prompt": "You tell a friend which city you are in: 'I'm in Oaxaca.' Which sentence is right?", "correct": { "caption": "Estoy en Oaxaca." }, "incorrect": { "caption": "Soy en Oaxaca." }, "explanation": "Location takes estar: Estoy en Oaxaca. Ser gives where someone is from, as in Soy de Guadalajara.", "speak": { "text": "Estoy en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "5vq8rvtmqvhb" }, { "id": "ot-ir-que-vas-hacer", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir", "plans", "questions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You ask a friend, informally, 'What are you going to do?' Which Spanish question is right?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© voy a hacer?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© va a hacer?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© vas a hacer?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© vamos a hacer?" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "You ask one friend, informally, so ir takes the tĂș form, vas: ÂżQuĂ© vas a hacer? Hacer stays in the infinitive after a. Va is for usted, Ă©l and ella.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżQuĂ© vas a hacer?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "28hrz91ydyq9n" }, { "id": "ot-ir-a-la-ciudad", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You tell a coworker that you are going to Mexico City. Which sentence is written correctly?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy al Ciudad de MĂ©xico." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy ala Ciudad de MĂ©xico." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy a el Ciudad de MĂ©xico." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy a la Ciudad de MĂ©xico." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Ciudad goes with la, and before la the a stays separate: Voy a la Ciudad de MĂ©xico. Only el joins with a, as al.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Voy a la Ciudad de MĂ©xico.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "5t6q7l13w9fpt" }, { "id": "ot-ir-trabajar-manana", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ir", "plans" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A coworker asks what you are doing tomorrow. You plan to work, and you answer for yourself. What do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy a trabajar mañana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy trabajar mañana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vas a trabajar mañana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Voy a trabajan mañana." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "For a plan, use ir a + infinitive. You speak about yourself, so voy, then a, then the infinitive trabajar, which does not change: Voy a trabajar mañana.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Voy a trabajar mañana.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1su2gnfbv8s47" }, { "id": "fact-querer-e-to-ie", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "title": "Querer: the e becomes ie in most forms", "body": "**Querer** (*to want*) changes **e** to **ie** in most present forms, with regular -er endings: **quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, quieren** (order: **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**). The vowel changes only where it is stressed: **QUIE-ro** is stressed on the stem, **que-RE-mos** on the ending, so the **e** stays. In the usual conjugation table (singular down the left, plural down the right, **nosotros** at the top right), the four forms that change trace the outline of a boot, and **nosotros** falls outside it. **Quiero un cafĂ©.** (*I want a coffee.*)", "speak": { "text": "Quiero un cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of a coffee cup on a small cafĂ© table, no text, no logos.", "imageSearchTerm": "cup of coffee on cafe table", "alt": "A cup of coffee on a cafĂ© table.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Clem Onojeghuo · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-ceramic-mug-with-cappuccino-111159/", "subject": "Bright green cup and saucer of cappuccino with cocoa-dusted foam on a rustic wooden cafĂ© table; a hand holding a glass is blurred in the background; no text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-querer-e-to-ie.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cmp-queremos-un-cafe", "mcq-taqueria-quieres", "ot-boot-outside-nosotros", "ot-ninos-quieren-jugo", "ot-quiero-un-cafe" ], "uid": "1geglxs1q14zs4" }, { "id": "fact-pensar-empezar-e-to-ie", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "title": "Pensar and empezar follow the same pattern", "body": "Two more verbs follow the same pattern, and both are -ar verbs. In the order **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**: **pensar** (*to think*) goes **pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, piensan**, and **empezar** (*to start, to begin*) goes **empiezo, empiezas, empieza, empezamos, empiezan**. **Empezar** has two **e**'s in its stem, and the stressed one, the second, is the one that changes. **La clase empieza a las nueve.** (*The class starts at nine.*)", "speak": { "text": "La clase empieza a las nueve.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A flat illustration of a classroom with rows of desks and a board, no text, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "students in classroom", "alt": "Students seated at desks in a classroom.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Quilia · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/students-in-classroom-with-teacher-presenting-zFSo6bnZJTw", "subject": "Elementary classroom with rows of children seated at desks, mostly seen from behind, facing a male teacher in a plaid shirt at a whiteboard and projector screen; colourful posters; no logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-pensar-empezar-e-to-ie.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nosotros-empezamos", "cloze-yo-pienso", "mcq-clase-empieza", "pair-nosotros-pensar", "pair-tu-empezar" ], "uid": "1ob6ho41rpi25k" }, { "id": "fact-e-ie-nosotros-regular", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "title": "Nosotros keeps the e, and some e verbs stay regular", "body": "**Nosotros** keeps the **e**: **queremos**, **pensamos**, **empezamos**. Nothing in the infinitive tells you which verbs change **e** to **ie**, so learn them one at a time. Many verbs with an **e** in the stem stay regular in the present: **beber** (*to drink*) gives **bebo** (*I drink*), and **aprender** (*to learn*) gives **aprendo** (*I learn*).", "speak": { "text": "queremos, pensamos, empezamos", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nosotros-empezamos", "cmp-queremos-un-cafe", "ot-boot-outside-nosotros", "pair-nosotros-pensar", "tf-beber-stays-regular" ], "uid": "1amz5t7pr635l" }, { "id": "pair-tu-empezar", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + empezar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "empiezas" }, "speak": { "text": "empiezas", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "11xx6f1lfz13t" }, { "id": "pair-nosotros-pensar", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "nosotros + pensar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "pensamos" }, "speak": { "text": "pensamos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1nxs4abp2v9gv" }, { "id": "cloze-yo-pienso", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "template": "Yo ___ en mi familia. (pensar)", "answer": "pienso", "distractors": [ "piensas", "pensamos", "penso" ], "explanation": "With yo, the stress falls on the stem, so the e becomes ie: pienso. Penso keeps the e and is not a Spanish form. Piensas goes with tĂș and pensamos with nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Yo pienso en mi familia.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ctrl7p1kl2do3" }, { "id": "cloze-nosotros-empezamos", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "template": "Nosotros ___ a las ocho. (empezar)", "answer": "empezamos", "distractors": [ "empiezamos", "empiezan", "empiezo" ], "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the e: the stress falls on the ending, not the stem. Empiezamos is not a Spanish form. Empiezan goes with ustedes, ellos or ellas, and empiezo with yo.", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros empezamos a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "oxx0g81d9w7ru" }, { "id": "mcq-taqueria-quieres", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At a taquerĂ­a, you ask your friend, using the informal tĂș, what she wants to eat: tacos or tamales. Which question do you ask?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© quiero, tacos o tamales?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© quieres, tacos o tamales?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© queremos, tacos o tamales?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© quieren, tacos o tamales?" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "TĂș is the informal you, and querer gives quieres: the stress falls on the stem, so e becomes ie. Quiero goes with yo, queremos with nosotros, and quieren with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "speak": { "text": "ÂżQuĂ© quieres, tacos o tamales?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1x063vd2ntn" }, { "id": "mcq-clase-empieza", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A classmate asks when your Spanish class begins. You answer that it starts at nine. Which reply is right?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "La clase empieza a las nueve." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "La clase empiezan a las nueve." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "La clase empezamos a las nueve." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "La clase empeza a las nueve." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "La clase is singular, so empezar takes the usted / Ă©l / ella form: empieza, with e changed to ie. Empeza keeps the e and is not a real form; empiezan is plural and empezamos is nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "La clase empieza a las nueve.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1x9xve5cwv2ur" }, { "id": "tf-beber-stays-regular", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "statement": "Not every verb with an e in its stem changes e to ie: in the present, beber stays regular, and its yo form is bebo.", "isTrue": true, "why": "Many verbs with an e in the stem stay regular, such as beber (bebo) and aprender (aprendo). Nothing in the infinitive tells you which verbs change, so learn them one at a time.", "speak": { "text": "bebo", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1a4etswggqphi" }, { "id": "fact-poder-o-to-ue", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "title": "Poder: the o becomes ue in most forms", "body": "The second pattern turns **o** into **ue**. **Poder** (*can, to be able to*) is an -er verb: **puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, pueden** (the order is **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**). It works like **e** to **ie**: the vowel changes only where it is stressed, the endings are the regular ones, and **nosotros** keeps the original vowel. **Podemos comer a las dos.** (*We can eat at two.*)", "speak": { "text": "Podemos comer a las dos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-podemos-comer", "ot-ustedes-pueden-seis" ], "uid": "sswolp1fa5l79" }, { "id": "fact-dormir-volver-o-to-ue", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs", "er-verbs" ], "title": "Dormir and volver change in the same places as poder", "body": "**Dormir** (*to sleep*) is an -ir verb and **volver** (*to return, to come back*) is an -er verb, but both change where **poder** does. In the order **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**: **dormir** goes **duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, duermen**, and **volver** goes **vuelvo, vuelves, vuelve, volvemos, vuelven**. **Nosotros** keeps the **o**: **podemos**, **dormimos**, **volvemos**. Not every verb with an **o** in the stem changes: **comer** (*to eat*) stays regular in the present, as in **como** (*I eat*). **Mi hijo duerme mucho.** (*My son sleeps a lot.*)", "speak": { "text": "Mi hijo duerme mucho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a person asleep in a bed with a pillow and blanket under a crescent moon. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "person sleeping in bed", "alt": "A person asleep in a bed.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Polina ⠀ · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-a-woman-sleeping-6541074/", "subject": "Top-down close-up of a young woman asleep on a white pillow in bed, eyes closed, wearing a pale blue lace-trimmed nightgown; no text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-dormir-volver-o-to-ue.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-hijo-duerme", "mcq-oaxaca-vuelvo", "ot-cuando-vuelves", "pair-yo-dormir", "tf-comer-stays-regular" ], "uid": "g2klvdwd94el" }, { "id": "fact-jugar-u-to-ue", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "title": "Jugar is the one common verb that changes u to ue", "body": "**Jugar** (*to play*) is an -ar verb, and the one common verb that changes **u** to **ue**: **juego, juegas, juega, jugamos, juegan** (the order is **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**). **Nosotros** keeps the **u**: **jugamos**. **Los niños juegan en el parque.** (*The kids play in the park.*) **Jugamos los domingos.** (*We play on Sundays.*)", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Several children playing a ball game together in a sunny city park, seen from the side.", "imageSearchTerm": "children playing in park", "alt": "Children playing a circle game in a park.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Jay Chen · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/children-holding-hands-in-park-mKbZ3zAdiB4", "subject": "About six small children of mixed ages holding hands in a circle game on a sunlit park lawn with tall trees behind; one yellow T-shirt shows a partly visible word.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-jugar-u-to-ue.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Los niños juegan en el parque.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nosotros-jugamos", "ot-juego-en-el-parque", "pair-ustedes-jugar" ], "uid": "3s1i7z16byftd" }, { "id": "pair-yo-dormir", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "yo + dormir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "duermo" }, "speak": { "text": "duermo", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1g7xham5idk5g" }, { "id": "pair-ustedes-jugar", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "ustedes + jugar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "juegan" }, "speak": { "text": "juegan", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ew2iejtzuncj" }, { "id": "cloze-hijo-duerme", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "template": "Mi hijo ___ mucho. (dormir)", "answer": "duerme", "distractors": [ "duermo", "duermen", "dorme" ], "explanation": "Mi hijo is singular, so dormir takes the usted / Ă©l / ella form: duerme, with o changed to ue. Dorme keeps the o and is not a real form; duermo goes with yo and duermen is plural.", "speak": { "text": "Mi hijo duerme mucho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "17efjot1yzqix1" }, { "id": "cloze-nosotros-jugamos", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "template": "Nosotros ___ los domingos. (jugar)", "answer": "jugamos", "distractors": [ "juegamos", "juegan", "juego" ], "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the u: jugamos. Juegamos is not a Spanish form. Juego goes with yo, and juegan goes with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros jugamos los domingos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1xelvuk1j95ldi" }, { "id": "mcq-oaxaca-vuelvo", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend asks when you come back to Oaxaca. You answer, about yourself, that you return on Friday. Which reply fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Vuelves a Oaxaca el viernes." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Volvemos a Oaxaca el viernes." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vuelvo a Oaxaca el viernes." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vuelven a Oaxaca el viernes." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "With yo, the stress falls on the stem, so the o becomes ue: vuelvo. Vuelves goes with tĂș, volvemos with nosotros, and vuelven with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Vuelvo a Oaxaca el viernes.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "shu8hp1pakgk5" }, { "id": "mcq-podemos-comer", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your aunt asks when you and your sister can eat. You answer for both of you that you can eat at two. Which reply fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Puedo comer a las dos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Pueden comer a las dos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Puedemos comer a las dos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Podemos comer a las dos." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the o: podemos, because the stress falls on the ending. Puedemos changes the stem and is not a real form. Puedo goes with yo, and pueden goes with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Podemos comer a las dos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1k42bpg16ywy7u" }, { "id": "tf-comer-stays-regular", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "statement": "Comer has an o in its stem, so in the present it changes o to ue like poder.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Not every verb with an o in the stem changes. In the present, comer stays regular: its yo form is como (I eat).", "speak": { "text": "como", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "vqeqsv1gss5jb" }, { "id": "fact-pedir-e-to-i", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "title": "Pedir: the e becomes i in most forms", "body": "The third pattern turns **e** into **i**, and it happens only in -ir verbs. **Pedir** (*to ask for, to order*) is the model: **pido, pides, pide, pedimos, piden** (the order is **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**). It has the same boot shape: **yo**, **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella** and **ustedes / ellos / ellas** change, and **nosotros** keeps the **e**. **Pido un cafĂ©.** (*I ask for a coffee.*)", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A customer at a street taco stand pointing at the menu and placing an order with the cook.", "imageSearchTerm": "ordering tacos street stand", "alt": "Two customers at a street taco stand.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Los Muertos Crew · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/women-eating-tacos-at-a-taco-stand-8448065/", "subject": "Two young women at a night street taco stand counter, one holding red plates of tacos with a lime, both smiling and looking up toward the vendor; dark background, no text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-pedir-e-to-i.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Pido un cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nosotros-pedimos", "ot-amigos-piden-cuenta", "pair-pedir-meaning", "tf-ir-verbs-only" ], "uid": "9qw9jt1qfxczh" }, { "id": "fact-servir-repetir-e-to-i", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "title": "Servir and repetir follow pedir; do not mix up e to i and e to ie", "body": "Two more -ir verbs follow **pedir**, in the order **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**. **Servir** (*to serve*): **sirvo, sirves, sirve, servimos, sirven**. **Repetir** (*to repeat*): **repito, repites, repite, repetimos, repiten**; it has two **e**'s in its stem, and the stressed second one changes. **Nosotros** keeps the **e**: **pedimos**, **servimos**, **repetimos**. Each verb has its own pattern: **querer** gives **quiero**, but **pedir** gives **pido**. Some other -ir verbs change **e** to **ie** instead. **Servimos tamales.** (*We serve tamales.*)", "speak": { "text": "Servimos tamales.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a plate of steamed tamales in corn husks on a table. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "tamales on a plate", "alt": "A plate of tamales ready to be served.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Tai's Captures · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/green-parsley-H7G7Lkn9HSo", "subject": "Three husk-wrapped tamales on a cream oval plate with a sprig of cilantro, shot from above on a white cloth; no text or people.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-servir-repetir-e-to-i.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nosotros-pedimos", "cloze-tia-sirve", "mcq-maestro-repite", "ot-quiero-pido-yo-forms", "ot-servimos-tamales" ], "uid": "39rbllj8kd0p" }, { "id": "fact-pedir-vs-preguntar", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs", "ar-verbs" ], "title": "Pedir asks for a thing, preguntar asks a question", "body": "**Pedir** means to ask *for* something, so *for* is already inside the verb: **Pido agua** is *I ask for water*. In a restaurant it also means *to order*. **Preguntar** (*to ask a question*) is a regular -ar verb in the present, with no stem change. In the order **yo, tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella, nosotros, ustedes / ellos / ellas**: **pregunto, preguntas, pregunta, preguntamos, preguntan**. Use **pedir** when you want a thing, and **preguntar** when you want an answer. **Pregunto dĂłnde estĂĄ el baño.** (*I ask where the bathroom is.*)", "speak": { "text": "Pregunto dĂłnde estĂĄ el baño.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a diner at a restaurant table pointing at a menu while a server waits with a notepad. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "ordering at restaurant table", "alt": "Two customers ordering from menus while a server takes notes.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · RDNE Stock project · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/two-people-holding-white-papers-4921020/", "subject": "Two customers holding menus (headed 'FOOD' and 'COFFEE') at a small round cafe table while a server in an apron with a notepad stands between them; a gift box on the table, faces mostly cropped.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-pedir-vs-preguntar.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-bano-pregunto", "pair-pedir-meaning", "pair-preguntar-meaning" ], "uid": "lt6zmg16wioks" }, { "id": "pair-pedir-meaning", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "pedir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "to ask for, to order" }, "speak": { "text": "pedir", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "9q1ln218dm95g" }, { "id": "pair-preguntar-meaning", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "preguntar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "to ask a question" }, "speak": { "text": "preguntar", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1aa94e3z807fh" }, { "id": "cloze-tia-sirve", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "template": "Mi tĂ­a ___ el cafĂ©. (servir)", "answer": "sirve", "distractors": [ "sirvo", "sirven", "serve" ], "explanation": "Mi tĂ­a is singular, so servir takes the usted / Ă©l / ella form: sirve, with e changed to i. Serve keeps the e and is not a real form; sirvo goes with yo and sirven is plural.", "speak": { "text": "Mi tĂ­a sirve el cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "efecko1i4v7d2" }, { "id": "cloze-nosotros-pedimos", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "template": "Nosotros ___ tacos. (pedir)", "answer": "pedimos", "distractors": [ "pidimos", "piden", "pido" ], "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the e: pedimos. Pidimos changes the stem and is not a real form. Pido goes with yo, and piden goes with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros pedimos tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "b3p2ysu99rqw" }, { "id": "mcq-maestro-repite", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You did not catch a number in class, so your teacher says it again. Which sentence describes what the teacher does?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "El maestro repite el nĂșmero." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El maestro repiten el nĂșmero." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El maestro repetimos el nĂșmero." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El maestro repete el nĂșmero." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "El maestro is singular, so repetir takes the usted / Ă©l / ella form: repite, with the second e changed to i. Repete keeps the e and is not a real form; repiten is plural and repetimos is nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "El maestro repite el nĂșmero.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "bzhrtr1c1if5l" }, { "id": "mcq-bano-pregunto", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs", "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are alone in a restaurant and ask the waiter where the bathroom is. Which sentence says what you are doing?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Pido dĂłnde estĂĄ el baño." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Pedimos dĂłnde estĂĄ el baño." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Preguntamos dĂłnde estĂĄ el baño." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Pregunto dĂłnde estĂĄ el baño." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "You want an answer, so use preguntar: pregunto. Pedir is for asking for a thing, as in pido agua. Preguntamos and pedimos are nosotros forms, but you are asking alone.", "speak": { "text": "Pregunto dĂłnde estĂĄ el baño.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "135agic18fkjvo" }, { "id": "tf-ir-verbs-only", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "statement": "The change from e to i happens in -ar, -er and -ir verbs.", "isTrue": false, "why": "E to i happens only in -ir verbs, such as pedir. An -ar or -er verb does not follow this pattern.", "speak": { "text": "pedir", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "rfhyxc1bpynsg" }, { "id": "ot-ninos-quieren-jugo", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A server asks what the kids at your table want. You answer that they want juice. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Los niños quiere jugo." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Los niños queren jugo." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Los niños quieren jugo." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Los niños queremos jugo." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Los niños takes the ustedes / ellos / ellas form: quieren, with e changed to ie. Quiere is singular, queren keeps the e and is not a real form, and queremos is the nosotros form.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Los niños quieren jugo.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1iwnhgr117p9zz" }, { "id": "ot-boot-outside-nosotros", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In the usual conjugation table, the forms of querer that change e to ie trace the outline of a boot. Which pronoun's form falls outside the boot and keeps its e?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "yo" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ustedes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "nosotros" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Nosotros queremos: the e stays because the stress falls on the ending (que-RE-mos). The yo, tĂș and ustedes forms sit inside the boot and change e to ie.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "nosotros queremos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "15aag7tn55qkp" }, { "id": "ot-quiero-un-cafe", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A server asks what you want to drink. You answer, about yourself, that you want a coffee. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Quieres un cafĂ©." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Quiero un cafĂ©." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Queremos un cafĂ©." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Quero un cafĂ©." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "With yo, the stress falls on the stem, so the e becomes ie: quiero. Quero keeps the e and is not a real form. Quieres goes with tĂș and queremos with nosotros.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Quiero un cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "7bra6519i7d3x" }, { "id": "cmp-queremos-un-cafe", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "stem-change" ], "prompt": "You and a friend order at a cafĂ©: 'We want a coffee.' Which sentence is right?", "correct": { "caption": "Queremos un cafĂ©." }, "incorrect": { "caption": "Quieremos un cafĂ©." }, "explanation": "In queremos the stress falls on the ending, so the stem keeps its e. The e becomes ie only where the stem is stressed: quiero, quieres, quiere, quieren.", "speak": { "text": "Queremos un cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "buytfqh1kp0o" }, { "id": "ot-ustedes-pueden-seis", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You are the manager. You tell your two new coworkers, using ustedes, that they can arrive at six. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes pueden llegar a las seis." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes puede llegar a las seis." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes podemos llegar a las seis." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes poden llegar a las seis." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Ustedes takes the same form as ellos and ellas: pueden, with o changed to ue. Puede is singular, podemos is the nosotros form, and poden keeps the o and is not a real form.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ustedes pueden llegar a las seis.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "g64ekm15yobsm" }, { "id": "ot-cuando-vuelves", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your friend is away on a trip. You ask her, using the informal tĂș, when she comes back. Which question do you ask?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCuĂĄndo volvemos?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCuĂĄndo vuelves?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCuĂĄndo vuelven?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżCuĂĄndo vuelvo?" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "TĂș takes vuelves, with o changed to ue because the stress falls on the stem. Volvemos goes with nosotros, vuelven with ustedes, ellos or ellas, and vuelvo with yo.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżCuĂĄndo vuelves?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1977m1d1jdfjs5" }, { "id": "ot-juego-en-el-parque", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ar-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend asks what you do on weekends. You say, about yourself, that you play in the park. Which sentence is right?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Juegas en el parque." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Jugamos en el parque." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Juego en el parque." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Juegan en el parque." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "With yo, the u becomes ue: juego. Juegas goes with tĂș, jugamos with nosotros (it keeps the u), and juegan with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Juego en el parque.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "10mtmte1tso666" }, { "id": "ot-servimos-tamales", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You and your sister run a food stand. You tell a customer, speaking for both of you, that you serve tamales. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Sirvimos tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Servimos tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sirven tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sirvo tamales." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Nosotros keeps the e: servimos, because the stress falls on the ending. Sirvimos changes the stem and is not a real form. Sirvo goes with yo, and sirven goes with ustedes, ellos or ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Servimos tamales.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1cmaknsuq0sj" }, { "id": "ot-quiero-pido-yo-forms", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs", "er-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Querer and pedir both start from an e. Which pair gives the correct yo forms of these two verbs?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "quiero and piedo" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "quido and piedo" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "quiero and pido" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "quido and pido" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Querer changes e to ie (quiero), but pedir changes e to i (pido). Each verb has its own pattern, so the two cannot be swapped.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "quiero, pido", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1njzgaw16o4eta" }, { "id": "ot-amigos-piden-cuenta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change", "ir-verbs" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At the end of dinner, you tell the server that your friends ask for the check. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Mis amigos piden la cuenta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mis amigos pide la cuenta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mis amigos pedimos la cuenta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mis amigos peden la cuenta." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Mis amigos is plural, so pedir takes the ustedes / ellos / ellas form: piden. Pide is singular, pedimos is the nosotros form, and peden keeps the e and is not a real form.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Mis amigos piden la cuenta.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "zab0l794r183" }, { "id": "fact-hacer-poner-salir-traer", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "endings" ], "title": "Hacer, poner, salir, traer: only the yo form is irregular", "body": "Seven verbs in this lesson have a **yo** form ending in **-go**. Four of them are irregular only in the **yo** form; their other present forms are regular.\n- **hacer** (*to do, to make*): **hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacen**\n- **poner** (*to put*): **pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, ponen**\n- **salir** (*to leave, to go out*): **salgo, sales, sale, salimos, salen**\n- **traer** (*to bring*): **traigo, traes, trae, traemos, traen**\nThe forms run **yo**, **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella**, **nosotros**, **ustedes / ellos / ellas**. **Hago la tarea.** — *I'm doing my homework.*", "speak": { "text": "Hago la tarea.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of an open notebook, pencil and lamp on a desk. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "homework on desk", "alt": "A student doing homework at a desk.", "depictable": true, "credit": "CollegeDegrees360 (Openverse) · by-sa 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/83633410@N07/7658219802", "subject": "A young woman with dark curly hair writing in a spiral notebook with a pen at a wooden desk beside a white laptop, plain white wall behind; a student doing homework.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-hacer-poner-salir-traer.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-salir-ana-sale", "mcq-pan-dulce-traigo", "mcq-salir-casa-salgo", "mcq-tarea-hago", "ot-ellos-traen-tamales", "pair-poner-yo-pongo", "tf-hacer-nosotros-hacemos" ], "uid": "i10mpol4itwy" }, { "id": "fact-tener-venir-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "stem-change" ], "title": "Tener and venir: -go in yo, plus the e-to-ie change", "body": "**Tener** and **venir** take the **-go** ending in the **yo** form, with no **ie**. In **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella** and **ustedes / ellos / ellas** the **e** becomes **ie**, and **nosotros** keeps the **e**.\n- **tener** (*to have*): **tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen**\n- **venir** (*to come*): **vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, vienen**\nThe forms run **yo**, **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella**, **nosotros**, **ustedes / ellos / ellas**. **Tengo una hermana en Oaxaca.** — *I have a sister in Oaxaca.*", "speak": { "text": "Tengo una hermana en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-tener-yo-tengo", "cmp-tengo-una-hermana", "ot-amigo-tienes-tiempo", "pair-venir-tu-vienes", "tf-venir-yo-viengo" ], "uid": "121977b1o2okqj" }, { "id": "fact-decir-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "stem-change" ], "title": "Decir: -go in yo, plus the e-to-i change", "body": "**Decir** is the seventh **-go** verb. Like **pedir** (*to ask for*), it changes **e** to **i** in **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella** and **ustedes / ellos / ellas**, and **nosotros** keeps the **e**. The **yo** form **digo** has both the **i** and the **-go** ending.\n- **decir** (*to say, to tell*): **digo, dices, dice, decimos, dicen**\n**Digo la verdad.** — *I tell the truth.* **Ana dice la verdad.** — *Ana tells the truth.*", "speak": { "text": "Digo la verdad.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-decir-yo-digo", "ot-nosotros-decimos-verdad" ], "uid": "1iwf5cc1dwaj9a" }, { "id": "fact-go-verbs-yo-forms", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "title": "The seven -go yo forms to remember", "body": "The seven **yo** forms to remember:\n**hago**, **pongo**, **salgo**, **traigo**, **tengo**, **vengo**, **digo**.\nIn that order they mean *I do or make*, *I put*, *I leave*, *I bring*, *I have*, *I come* and *I say*. All seven end in **-go**. **Traigo** has an **i** before the **g**, and **digo** has both the **i** and the **-go** ending.", "speak": { "text": "Hago, pongo, salgo, traigo, tengo, vengo, digo.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cmp-tengo-una-hermana", "mcq-pan-dulce-traigo", "mcq-salir-casa-salgo", "mcq-tarea-hago" ], "uid": "fqsxhb196y2jl" }, { "id": "pair-poner-yo-pongo", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "yo + poner" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "pongo" }, "speak": { "text": "pongo", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1n47lqm1jonau8" }, { "id": "pair-decir-tu-dices", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "stem-change" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + decir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "dices" }, "speak": { "text": "dices", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "w67ibq1peeppc" }, { "id": "pair-venir-tu-vienes", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "stem-change" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "tĂș + venir" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "vienes" }, "speak": { "text": "vienes", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "zs9gdjxx5xrl" }, { "id": "cloze-tener-yo-tengo", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "template": "Yo ___ una hermana en Oaxaca. (tener)", "answer": "tengo", "distractors": [ "tiengo", "tienes", "tenemos" ], "explanation": "Yo needs the yo form. Tener takes the -go ending there and has no ie, so it is tengo. Tienes is for tĂș, tenemos is for nosotros, and tiengo is not a real form.", "speak": { "text": "Yo tengo una hermana en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1iw9m931bzim5p" }, { "id": "cloze-salir-ana-sale", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "endings" ], "template": "Ana ___ a las ocho. (salir)", "answer": "sale", "distractors": [ "salgo", "salen", "salimos" ], "explanation": "Ana is one person, so salir takes the regular present form sale. In the present only the yo form is irregular (salgo). Salen is for ustedes / ellos / ellas, and salimos is for nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Ana sale a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "13dt8ck7hc9uy" }, { "id": "cloze-decir-yo-digo", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "template": "Yo ___ la verdad. (decir)", "answer": "digo", "distractors": [ "dices", "dicen", "dico" ], "explanation": "Yo needs the yo form of decir, digo, which has both the i and the -go ending. Dices is for tĂș and dicen is for ustedes / ellos / ellas. Dico has the i but not the -go ending, so it is not a real form.", "speak": { "text": "Yo digo la verdad.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "land771958npr" }, { "id": "mcq-tarea-hago", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend texts you: ÂżQuĂ© haces? You answer, about yourself, that you are doing your homework. Which reply fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Haco la tarea." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Haces la tarea." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Hago la tarea." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Hace la tarea." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "You answer for yourself, so use the yo form of hacer: hago. Haces repeats your friend's tĂș form, hace is for usted / Ă©l / ella, and haco is not a real form.", "speak": { "text": "Hago la tarea.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1vtxg1d1jzj3td" }, { "id": "mcq-pan-dulce-traigo", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You arrive at a friend's house with a bag of pan dulce. Which sentence says \"I bring pan dulce\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Traigo pan dulce." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Traeo pan dulce." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Traes pan dulce." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Trae pan dulce." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "The yo form of traer is traigo, with an i before the g. Traeo is not a real form, traes is for tĂș, and trae is for usted / Ă©l / ella.", "speak": { "text": "Traigo pan dulce.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1hpib0m1w8vwkc" }, { "id": "mcq-salir-casa-salgo", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A coworker asks when you head out. You answer in Spanish: \"I leave the house at eight.\" Which sentence fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Salo de la casa a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sales de la casa a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sale de la casa a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Salgo de la casa a las ocho." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "You are talking about yourself, so use the yo form of salir: salgo. Salo is not a real form, sales is for tĂș, and sale is for usted / Ă©l / ella.", "speak": { "text": "Salgo de la casa a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "8kmnvb1f2z7ob" }, { "id": "tf-hacer-nosotros-hacemos", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "endings" ], "statement": "Only the yo form of hacer is irregular in the present, so the nosotros form is the regular hacemos.", "isTrue": true, "why": "In the present only hago is irregular. In every other form hacer takes the regular endings, so nosotros gives hacemos.", "speak": { "text": "hacemos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "w1dtbehs024s" }, { "id": "tf-venir-yo-viengo", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "stem-change" ], "statement": "The yo form of venir is viengo, with both the ie change and the -go ending.", "isTrue": false, "why": "The yo form is vengo, as in Vengo de la panaderĂ­a. Venir takes the -go ending in yo and has no ie. The ie appears in tĂș, usted / Ă©l / ella and ustedes / ellos / ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Vengo de la panaderĂ­a.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "x27uencurr5x" }, { "id": "fact-conocer-saber-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "title": "Conocer and saber: only conozco and sĂ© are irregular", "body": "**Conocer** and **saber** are irregular only in the **yo** form: **conozco**, **sĂ©**. Their other present forms are regular. In **conozco**, the **c** becomes **zc**. The written accent on **sĂ©** is part of its spelling: it keeps **sĂ©** (*I know*) apart from **se**, a different word.\n- **conocer** (*to know a person or a place*): **conozco, conoces, conoce, conocemos, conocen**\n- **saber** (*to know a fact, to know how to do something*): **sĂ©, sabes, sabe, sabemos, saben**\nThe forms run **yo**, **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella**, **nosotros**, **ustedes / ellos / ellas**.", "speak": { "text": "Conozco, sĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nadar-saber-se", "mcq-ana-sabe-respuesta", "pair-conocer-yo-conozco", "tf-se-accent-saber" ], "uid": "1q75lppdxlgyt" }, { "id": "fact-ver-dar-present", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "ar-verbs" ], "title": "Ver and dar: only veo and doy are irregular", "body": "**Ver** and **dar** are irregular only in the **yo** form; their other present forms are regular. **Dar** is an -ar verb, so its other forms take the regular -ar endings.\n- **ver** (*to see, to watch*): **veo, ves, ve, vemos, ven**\n- **dar** (*to give*): **doy, das, da, damos, dan**\nThe forms run **yo**, **tĂș**, **usted / Ă©l / ella**, **nosotros**, **ustedes / ellos / ellas**. **ÂżVes la iglesia?** — *Do you see the church?* **Veo una pelĂ­cula.** — *I'm watching a movie.* **Doy veinte pesos.** — *I give twenty pesos.*", "speak": { "text": "Veo una pelĂ­cula.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ver-yo-veo", "ot-amigo-veo-iglesia", "ot-mercado-doy-pesos", "pair-dar-yo-doy", "pair-ver-nosotros-vemos" ], "uid": "1ut7y6zkiejo" }, { "id": "fact-saber-vs-conocer", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "title": "Saber or conocer: it depends on what you know", "body": "English says *know* for both, but Spanish chooses the verb by what you know.\n- **Saber**: facts and information, and knowing how to do something. Before an infinitive it means *to know how to*. **SĂ© la respuesta.** — *I know the answer.* **SĂ© nadar.** — *I know how to swim.*\n- **Conocer**: a person or a place you are familiar with, usually because you have met the person or been to the place. **Conozco Guadalajara.** — *I know Guadalajara (I'm familiar with it).*", "speak": { "text": "SĂ© nadar.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-nadar-saber-se", "mcq-guadalajara-conozco" ], "uid": "1ebus9p101m39f" }, { "id": "fact-personal-a-conocer", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "title": "The personal a: Conozco a Ana", "body": "When the one you know is a specific person, Spanish puts **a** before the person. This is the personal **a**: **Conozco a Ana.** — *I know Ana.* **A** plus **el** becomes **al**: **Conozco al maestro.** — *I know the teacher.* With a place, **conocer** takes no **a**: **Conozco Guadalajara.**\nCompare **SĂ© el nombre de Ana.** — *I know Ana's name.* with **Conozco a Ana.** — *I know Ana.*", "speak": { "text": "Conozco a Ana.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of two people meeting with a handshake. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "two people shaking hands", "alt": "A handshake between two people.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Unsplash · Cytonn Photography · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/two-people-shaking-hands-n95VMLxqM2I", "subject": "A sharp close-up of two hands clasped in a handshake, a light-blue shirt cuff on the left and a white shirt cuff on the right, with a blurred office behind; no faces, text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-personal-a-conocer.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-maestro-conocer-al", "mcq-ana-conozco-a", "mcq-guadalajara-conozco", "ot-nombre-de-ana-se", "tf-guadalajara-sin-a" ], "uid": "xa8c0m1ejagzm" }, { "id": "pair-conocer-yo-conozco", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "yo + conocer" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "conozco" }, "speak": { "text": "conozco", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1qxoubpq7cuph" }, { "id": "pair-dar-yo-doy", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "ar-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "yo + dar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "doy" }, "speak": { "text": "doy", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "11ha00sdgxdq" }, { "id": "pair-ver-nosotros-vemos", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "nosotros + ver" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "vemos" }, "speak": { "text": "vemos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "qwggct37hrsx" }, { "id": "cloze-maestro-conocer-al", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "template": "Conozco ___ maestro. (I know the teacher)", "answer": "al", "distractors": [ "a el", "a", "a la" ], "explanation": "A specific person needs the personal a, and a plus el becomes al: Conozco al maestro. So a el is wrong here, a alone leaves out the el, and a la does not fit maestro.", "speak": { "text": "Conozco al maestro.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1t6yy4kxx2uo2" }, { "id": "cloze-nadar-saber-se", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "template": "Yo ___. (I know how to swim)", "answer": "sĂ© nadar", "distractors": [ "conozco nadar", "sabes nadar", "se nadar" ], "explanation": "Before an infinitive, saber means to know how to, and its yo form is sĂ©: sĂ© nadar. Conozco nadar mixes up the verbs (conocer is for people and places), sabes is the tĂș form, and se without the accent is a different word.", "speak": { "text": "Yo sĂ© nadar.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "izm4cjl4l34p" }, { "id": "cloze-ver-yo-veo", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "template": "Yo ___ una pelĂ­cula. (ver)", "answer": "veo", "distractors": [ "ves", "ven", "vemos" ], "explanation": "Yo needs the yo form of ver, veo, the only irregular present form. Ves is for tĂș, ven is for ustedes / ellos / ellas, and vemos is for nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Yo veo una pelĂ­cula.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "89vada1npq4b8" }, { "id": "mcq-ana-sabe-respuesta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A classmate is stuck on a question, so you say that Ana knows the answer. Which sentence fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana sĂ© la respuesta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana sabe la respuesta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana sabes la respuesta." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana sabemos la respuesta." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Ana is one person, so saber takes the regular form sabe; in the present only the yo form is irregular. SĂ© is for yo, sabes is for tĂș, and sabemos is for nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Ana sabe la respuesta.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "4bczpt1kvcwfl" }, { "id": "mcq-ana-conozco-a", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend asks if you know Ana, a classmate you have met. Which sentence says \"I know Ana\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "SĂ© Ana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Conozco Ana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "SĂ© el nombre de Ana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Conozco a Ana." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Ana is a specific person you have met, so use conocer with the personal a: Conozco a Ana. Conozco Ana leaves out the a, and saber is for facts: SĂ© el nombre de Ana means I know Ana's name.", "speak": { "text": "Conozco a Ana.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1blpu0tyck0c7" }, { "id": "mcq-guadalajara-conozco", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend asks if you know Guadalajara. You have been there many times. Which sentence says \"I know Guadalajara\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Conozco Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "SĂ© Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Conoces Guadalajara." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Conoco Guadalajara." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Guadalajara is a place you are familiar with, so use conocer: conozco, where the c becomes zc. SĂ© is for facts and know-how, conoces is for tĂș, and conoco is not a real form.", "speak": { "text": "Conozco Guadalajara.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "eop3ej190lmm3" }, { "id": "tf-se-accent-saber", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "statement": "The written accent on sĂ© is part of its spelling: without it, se is a different word.", "isTrue": true, "why": "The accent keeps sĂ© (I know) apart from se, a different word. SĂ© is the yo form of saber.", "speak": { "text": "sĂ©", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1880rwev5tnk8" }, { "id": "tf-guadalajara-sin-a", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "statement": "With a place, conocer takes the personal a: Conozco a Guadalajara.", "isTrue": false, "why": "With a place, conocer takes no a: Conozco Guadalajara. The personal a goes before a specific person, as in Conozco a Ana.", "speak": { "text": "Conozco Guadalajara.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "afhpk5901d89" }, { "id": "ot-ellos-traen-tamales", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At a party you point to your friends and say they bring tamales. Which sentence fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos traigo tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos traen tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos traemos tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos trae tamales." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Ellos takes the regular ustedes / ellos / ellas form of traer: traen. In the present only the yo form is irregular. Traigo is for yo, traemos for nosotros, and trae for one person.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ellos traen tamales.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1juekms1sqg3yw" }, { "id": "ot-amigo-tienes-tiempo", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You ask a close friend, in the informal way: \"Do you have time?\" Which question fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżTengo tiempo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżTiene tiempo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżTienes tiempo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżTenemos tiempo?" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "A friend gets the informal tĂș form, and tener changes e to ie there: tienes. Tengo is yo, tiene is usted / Ă©l / ella, and tenemos is nosotros, which keeps the e.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżTienes tiempo?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "pw19hnzt724n" }, { "id": "ot-nosotros-decimos-verdad", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You and your friends always tell the truth. How do you say \"We tell the truth\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Decimos la verdad." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Dicimos la verdad." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Digo la verdad." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Dicen la verdad." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "In decir, nosotros keeps the e: decimos. Dicimos wrongly changes the e, digo is only for yo, and dicen is for ustedes / ellos / ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Decimos la verdad.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "o6wkzbs6cfkj" }, { "id": "cmp-tengo-una-hermana", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "irregular-yo", "stem-change" ], "prompt": "You tell a new friend about your family: 'I have a sister in Oaxaca.' Which sentence is right?", "correct": { "caption": "Tengo una hermana en Oaxaca." }, "incorrect": { "caption": "Tieno una hermana en Oaxaca." }, "explanation": "Tener's yo form takes the -go ending and has no ie: tengo. The e becomes ie only in tienes, tiene and tienen.", "speak": { "text": "Tengo una hermana en Oaxaca.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "fqwfwo1raqq1y" }, { "id": "ot-mercado-doy-pesos", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At a market stall you hand the seller twenty pesos. Which sentence says \"I give twenty pesos\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Do veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Das veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Doy veinte pesos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Da veinte pesos." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The yo form of dar is doy, its only irregular present form. Do is not a form of dar, das is for tĂș, and da is for usted / Ă©l / ella.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Doy veinte pesos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "57tor311nvt8r" }, { "id": "ot-amigo-veo-iglesia", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend points and asks: ÂżVes la iglesia? You can see it. How do you answer, about yourself?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ves la iglesia." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Veo la iglesia." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ve la iglesia." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Vemos la iglesia." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "You answer for yourself, so use the yo form of ver: veo. Ves only repeats your friend's tĂș form, ve is for usted / Ă©l / ella, and vemos is for nosotros.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Veo la iglesia.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1v2gzjgl4qip2" }, { "id": "ot-nombre-de-ana-se", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "irregular-yo" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A classmate asks if you know Ana's name, and you do. Which sentence says \"I know Ana's name\"?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Conozco a Ana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sabes el nombre de Ana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sabo el nombre de Ana." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "SĂ© el nombre de Ana." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "A name is a fact, so use saber: SĂ© el nombre de Ana. Conozco a Ana means you know Ana herself, the person. Sabes is for tĂș, and sabo is not a real form.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "SĂ© el nombre de Ana.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1wagu101gj9dje" }, { "id": "fact-tener-que-infinitive", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "obligation" ], "title": "Tener que + infinitive: only tener changes with the person", "body": "To say what a particular person has to do, use **tener que** plus an infinitive. Only **tener** changes with the person; **que** and the infinitive stay the same.\n**yo tengo que trabajar** — *I have to work*\n**tĂș tienes que trabajar** — *you have to work (informal)*\n**usted / Ă©l / ella tiene que trabajar** — *you have to work (formal) / he, she has to work*\n**nosotros / nosotras tenemos que trabajar** — *we have to work*\n**ustedes / ellos / ellas tienen que trabajar** — *you all have to work / they have to work*\n**Ana tiene que llegar a las ocho.** — *Ana has to arrive at eight.*", "speak": { "text": "Ana tiene que llegar a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a notepad with a checklist of unlabeled lines and a pen beside it. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "handwritten to-do list", "alt": "A handwritten to-do list on a notepad beside a pen.", "depictable": true }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ana-tiene-que-llegar", "ot-tienen-que-trabajar", "pair-nosotros-tener-que-trabajar", "tf-tener-que-only-tener" ], "uid": "1opwdj11q55x0z" }, { "id": "fact-hay-que-infinitive", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "obligation" ], "title": "Hay que + infinitive: what has to be done, with no person named", "body": "To say what has to be done in general, with no person named, use **hay que** plus an infinitive. **Hay** is a form of **haber**, the verb behind *there is* and *there are*; in this pattern it does not change for person.\n**Hay que pagar en la caja.** — *You have to pay at the register.*\nHere English *you* means anyone. Compare **Tengo que pagar** (*I have to pay*) with **Hay que pagar** (*one has to pay*).", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A customer paying a cashier at the register of a small shop, with the purchases on the counter.", "imageSearchTerm": "customer paying at register", "alt": "A customer pays a cashier at a shop register.", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Kampus Production · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/paying-in-a-counter-using-a-bank-card-8475161/", "subject": "Close-up at a small grocery counter: a cashier in an apron and checked shirt holds a card terminal while the customer's hand taps a card; POS monitor and customer display behind; no readable text or logos.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-hay-que-infinitive.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Hay que pagar en la caja.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-visitante-hay-que-pagar" ], "uid": "a64a72163zcoc" }, { "id": "fact-poder-infinitive", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "stem-change", "questions" ], "title": "Poder + infinitive: what you can do, and how to ask permission", "body": "Use **poder** plus an infinitive to say what you can do: **Puedo salir a las ocho.** — *I can leave at eight.* The stem changes from o to ue in every form except **nosotros**: **yo puedo**, **tĂș puedes**, **usted / Ă©l / ella puede**, **nosotros podemos**, **ustedes / ellos / ellas pueden**.\n**ÂżPuedo...?** asks permission (*May I...?*): **ÂżPuedo pagar con tarjeta?** — *May I pay by card?* **ÂżPodemos comer aquĂ­?** — *May we eat here?*\nTo ask someone to do something, use that person's form of **poder**: **ÂżPuede abrir la puerta, por favor?** — *Can you (formal) open the door, please?*", "speak": { "text": "Puedo salir a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a raised hand in a room of seated people, suggesting asking permission. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "raised hand asking question", "alt": "A hand raised to ask a question or request permission.", "depictable": true }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-podemos-comer", "cloze-tu-puedes-salir", "mcq-hotel-puede-abrir-puerta", "ot-podemos-comer-aqui", "ot-puedo-salir-ocho", "pair-puedo-pagar-tarjeta" ], "uid": "1bxkkl51r19scf" }, { "id": "pair-nosotros-tener-que-trabajar", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "obligation" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "nosotros + tener que trabajar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "tenemos que trabajar" }, "speak": { "text": "tenemos que trabajar", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "19gzkqb8olmm7" }, { "id": "pair-puedo-pagar-tarjeta", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "questions" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPuedo pagar con tarjeta?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "May I pay by card?" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżPuedo pagar con tarjeta?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "14fni651e0fyax" }, { "id": "cloze-ana-tiene-que-llegar", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "obligation" ], "template": "Ana ___ que llegar a las ocho. (tener)", "answer": "tiene", "distractors": [ "tengo", "tenemos", "tienen" ], "explanation": "Ana is one person, so tener takes its usted / Ă©l / ella form, tiene; que and the infinitive stay the same. Tengo is for yo, tenemos for nosotros and tienen for ustedes / ellos / ellas.", "speak": { "text": "Ana tiene que llegar a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "r4dd411sjfr5p" }, { "id": "cloze-tu-puedes-salir", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "stem-change" ], "template": "TĂș ___ salir a las ocho. (poder)", "answer": "puedes", "distractors": [ "puedo", "podemos", "pueden" ], "explanation": "TĂș takes the tĂș form of poder, puedes, with o changed to ue. Puedo is for yo, podemos is for nosotros (it keeps the o) and pueden is for ustedes / ellos / ellas.", "speak": { "text": "TĂș puedes salir a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "a85dt7m5om4h" }, { "id": "mcq-visitante-hay-que-pagar", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "obligation" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A visitor in a small shop in Oaxaca asks how things work. You give her the general rule, with no person named: one has to pay at the register. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Tengo que pagar en la caja." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Hay que pagar en la caja." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tenemos que pagar en la caja." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Hay pagar en la caja." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Hay que + infinitive says what has to be done in general, with no person named. Tengo and tenemos que each name a person or a group, and Hay pagar leaves out que.", "speak": { "text": "Hay que pagar en la caja.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "k1z7ude5ora3" }, { "id": "mcq-hotel-puede-abrir-puerta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "questions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At a hotel in Oaxaca you want to ask the receptionist, using usted, to open the door. Which question do you ask?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPuede abrir la puerta, por favor?", "short": "ÂżPuede abrir la puerta?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPuedo abrir la puerta, por favor?", "short": "ÂżPuedo abrir la puerta?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPodemos abrir la puerta, por favor?", "short": "ÂżPodemos abrir la puerta?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPueden abrir la puerta, por favor?", "short": "ÂżPueden abrir la puerta?" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "To ask someone to do something, use that person's form of poder. With usted that is puede. Puedo asks for your own permission, podemos is for we, and pueden is for several people.", "speak": { "text": "ÂżPuede abrir la puerta, por favor?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ykdrspsuiqvf" }, { "id": "tf-tener-que-only-tener", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "obligation" ], "statement": "In tener que + infinitive, the infinitive changes with the person too, so for yo you say Tengo que trabajo.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Only tener changes with the person; que and the infinitive stay the same. For yo you say Tengo que trabajar.", "speak": { "text": "Tengo que trabajar.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ih49lw1q4som8" }, { "id": "fact-gustar-gusta-gustan", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "title": "Gustar works backwards: gusta for one thing, gustan for several", "body": "**Gustar** works backwards from English *like*: the thing you like is the subject, and a pronoun tells who likes it. Word for word, **Me gusta el cafĂ©** means *Coffee is pleasing to me*.\nUse **gusta** with a singular noun or an infinitive, and **gustan** with a plural noun:\n**Me gusta bailar.** — *I like to dance.*\n**Me gustan los tacos.** — *I like tacos.*\nAn infinitive is one thing, so it takes **gusta** even when plural nouns follow it: **Me gusta comer tacos.** — *I like eating tacos.* For things you like in general, Spanish uses the article (*the*), as in **el cafĂ©** and **los tacos**.", "speak": { "text": "Me gustan los tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a plate of three tacos with lime wedges. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "tacos on a plate", "alt": "A plate of tacos with fresh toppings.", "depictable": true }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-gustar-comer-tacos", "cmp-me-gustan-los-tacos", "mcq-taqueria-gustan-tacos", "tf-gustar-article-in-general" ], "uid": "awfj1t4ngka7" }, { "id": "fact-gustar-pronouns", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "gustar", "pronouns" ], "title": "Me, te, le, nos and les say who likes it; the a phrases are optional", "body": "**(a mĂ­) me gusta el cafĂ©** — *I like coffee*\n**(a ti) te gusta el cafĂ©** — *you like coffee (informal)*\n**(a usted / a Ă©l / a ella) le gusta el cafĂ©** — *you like coffee (formal) / he, she likes coffee*\n**(a nosotros / a nosotras) nos gusta el cafĂ©** — *we like coffee*\n**(a ustedes / a ellos / a ellas) les gusta el cafĂ©** — *you all like coffee / they like coffee*\nThe **a** phrases are optional (for emphasis or contrast, or to show who **le** or **les** means). Keep the pronoun: **A mĂ­ me gusta el cafĂ©. A ella le gusta el chocolate. A Ana y a Pablo les gusta el pan dulce** (*sweet bread*).", "speak": { "text": "A mĂ­ me gusta el cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a basket of colorful sweet breads on a table. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "pan dulce on a table", "alt": "An assortment of sweet breads on a table.", "depictable": true }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-gustar-ella-le-chocolate", "ot-a-mi-me-gusta-cafe", "ot-les-ana-pablo-pan-dulce", "pair-gustar-a-nosotros-nos", "pair-gustar-a-ti-te" ], "uid": "7sbto71kbpmjf" }, { "id": "fact-encantar-stronger", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "title": "Encantar works like gustar but is stronger: to love", "body": "**Encantar** works the same way as **gustar** but is stronger: it means to love a thing, an activity or a place.\n**Me encanta la mĂșsica.** — *I love music.*\n**Me encantan los tamales.** — *I love tamales.*\n**A Ana le encanta bailar.** — *Ana loves to dance.*", "speak": { "text": "Me encanta la mĂșsica.", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of a couple dancing with musical notes drifting overhead. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "people dancing at party", "alt": "People dancing together at a party.", "depictable": true, "credit": "be creator (Openverse) · by 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/119678691@N02/14390245112", "subject": "A bar-club dance floor under disco lights: several couples dancing hand in hand, a man in a white shirt in the foreground, a smiling woman and man dancing at right, a chair back partly in frame at the bottom.", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/images/fact-encantar-stronger.webp" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-familia-encantan-tamales", "ot-ana-le-encanta-bailar" ], "uid": "z0ux5n4szy8j" }, { "id": "pair-gustar-a-ti-te", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "gustar", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "a ti" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "te gusta el cafĂ©" }, "speak": { "text": "te gusta el cafĂ©", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1xbwzm323dlud" }, { "id": "pair-gustar-a-nosotros-nos", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "gustar", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "a nosotros" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "nos gusta el cafĂ©" }, "speak": { "text": "nos gusta el cafĂ©", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1lkddny179e1n4" }, { "id": "cloze-gustar-ella-le-chocolate", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "gustar", "pronouns" ], "template": "A ella ___ el chocolate. (she likes chocolate)", "answer": "le gusta", "distractors": [ "les gusta", "me gusta", "nos gusta" ], "explanation": "A ella goes with le, and chocolate is singular, so the verb is gusta: A ella le gusta el chocolate. Les is for several people, me is for yo and nos is for nosotros. Keep the pronoun even when you add the a phrase.", "speak": { "text": "A ella le gusta el chocolate.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1pef4er126pf8h" }, { "id": "cloze-gustar-comer-tacos", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "template": "___ comer tacos. (I like eating tacos)", "answer": "Me gusta", "distractors": [ "Me gustan", "Te gusta", "Nos gusta" ], "explanation": "An infinitive is one thing, so it takes gusta even when plural nouns follow it. Me gustan is tempting because of tacos, but the thing liked is the infinitive comer. Te gusta is for tĂș and Nos gusta for nosotros; the hint says I.", "speak": { "text": "Me gusta comer tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "41o1v42sh890" }, { "id": "mcq-taqueria-gustan-tacos", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At a taquerĂ­a the cook asks what you like. You tell him that you like tacos. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Me gusta los tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Te gustan los tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Me gustan los tacos." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nos gustan los tacos." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The pronoun for yourself is me, and tacos is plural, so the verb is gustan: Me gustan los tacos. Me gusta is for a singular noun or an infinitive, te is for tĂș and nos is for nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "Me gustan los tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ri0dtpwxoys7" }, { "id": "mcq-familia-encantan-tamales", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At a family dinner you want to say that you love tamales, more strongly than just liking them. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Me encanta los tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nos encantan los tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Me gustan los tamales." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Me encantan los tamales." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Encantar is stronger than gustar and works the same way: tamales is plural, so Me encantan los tamales. Me gustan only says you like them, me encanta has the wrong verb form, and nos is for we.", "speak": { "text": "Me encantan los tamales.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "e2gwedfkdmv7" }, { "id": "tf-gustar-article-in-general", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "statement": "For things you like in general, Spanish uses the article, as in Me gustan los tacos, even though English says only tacos.", "isTrue": true, "why": "For things you like in general, Spanish uses the article (the) even though English leaves it out: el cafĂ©, los tacos.", "speak": { "text": "Me gustan los tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "qluz8k4f94bu" }, { "id": "fact-no-before-the-verb", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "negation" ], "title": "No goes directly before the verb, and before me, te or le", "body": "To make a sentence negative, put **no** directly before the verb. Spanish has no word like English *do* or *don't* here; you only add **no**.\n**Hablo inglĂ©s.** — *I speak English.*\n**No hablo inglĂ©s.** — *I don't speak English.*\n**Ana no vive en Oaxaca.** — *Ana doesn't live in Oaxaca.*\nIf a pronoun such as **me**, **te** or **le** stands in front of the verb, **no** goes before that pronoun: **No me gusta el cafĂ©.** — *I don't like coffee.*", "speak": { "text": "No hablo inglĂ©s.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-no-me-gusta-cafe", "cmp-no-hablo-ingles", "ot-no-me-gusta-significa", "pair-no-hablo-ingles" ], "uid": "nnllr01ak5pm0" }, { "id": "fact-questions-word-order", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "questions" ], "title": "Questions: yes/no order, and the verb after a question word", "body": "A yes/no question can keep the word order of a statement; only the intonation changes (your voice usually rises). It is written between **Âż** and **?**, and Spanish needs no word for *do*: **ÂżHablas español?** — *Do you speak Spanish?*\nAfter **dĂłnde**, **cuĂĄndo** or **quĂ©**, the verb usually comes right after that word, and a stated subject usually goes after the verb: **ÂżDĂłnde vive Ana?** — *Where does Ana live?* **ÂżQuĂ© quiere usted?** — *What do you want?* **ÂżCuĂĄndo llega el tren?** — *When does the train arrive?* Subject pronouns are often left out: **ÂżDĂłnde vives?** — *Where do you live?*", "speak": { "text": "ÂżDĂłnde vive Ana?", "lang": "es-419" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flat, clean illustration of two people talking, one with an open-palmed questioning gesture, with a blank speech bubble. No text, no logos, no real people.", "imageSearchTerm": "person asking question", "alt": "A person leaning in to ask a question in conversation.", "depictable": true }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-cuando-llega-tren", "mcq-taqueria-que-quiere-usted", "ot-donde-vives-amiga", "ot-hablas-espanol-voz", "pair-donde-vive-ana", "tf-no-word-for-do" ], "uid": "1wqusk4xjvqq8" }, { "id": "fact-answering-no-no", "shape": "fact", "tags": [ "negation", "questions" ], "title": "To answer a yes/no question with a full negative, say no twice", "body": "To answer a yes/no question with a full negative sentence, say **no** twice. The first **no** answers the question; the second goes before the verb, as always.\n**ÂżHablas inglĂ©s?** — *Do you speak English?*\n**No, no hablo inglĂ©s.** — *No, I don't speak English.*\n**ÂżTe gusta el cafĂ©?** — *Do you like coffee?*\n**No, no me gusta.** — *No, I don't like it.*", "speak": { "text": "No, no hablo inglĂ©s.", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-turista-no-hablo-ingles" ], "uid": "mwpotu1h8ng7y" }, { "id": "pair-no-hablo-ingles", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "negation" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "No hablo inglĂ©s." }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "I don't speak English." }, "speak": { "text": "No hablo inglĂ©s.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1mg1s601sl596w" }, { "id": "pair-donde-vive-ana", "shape": "pair", "tags": [ "questions" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżDĂłnde vive Ana?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Where does Ana live?" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżDĂłnde vive Ana?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1y6gsvd1l61uor" }, { "id": "cloze-no-me-gusta-cafe", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "negation" ], "template": "___ gusta el cafĂ©. (I don't like coffee)", "answer": "No me", "distractors": [ "Me no", "No te", "No le" ], "explanation": "The pronoun me says it is I, and no goes before that pronoun: No me gusta el cafĂ©. Me no puts no in the wrong place, and No te and No le are about tĂș and about he, she or usted.", "speak": { "text": "No me gusta el cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1j32xitu3bl89" }, { "id": "cloze-cuando-llega-tren", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "questions" ], "template": "ÂżCuĂĄndo ___ el tren? (to arrive)", "answer": "llega", "distractors": [ "llego", "llegan", "llegamos" ], "explanation": "After a question word the verb usually comes next and a stated subject usually follows it. El tren is one thing, so the verb is llega. Llego is for yo, llegan for ustedes / ellos / ellas and llegamos for nosotros.", "speak": { "text": "ÂżCuĂĄndo llega el tren?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1xn95wh1sfdhup" }, { "id": "mcq-turista-no-hablo-ingles", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "negation" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A tourist asks you ÂżHablas inglĂ©s? but you do not speak English. How do you answer with a full negative sentence?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "No, no hablo inglĂ©s." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "No, hablo no inglĂ©s." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "No, no hablamos inglĂ©s." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "No, no hablas inglĂ©s." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Say no twice: the first answers the question, and the second goes directly before the verb, as always. Hablo no puts no after the verb, hablamos is for we, and hablas is for tĂș.", "speak": { "text": "No, no hablo inglĂ©s.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "shyfpy1ix13yq" }, { "id": "mcq-taqueria-que-quiere-usted", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "questions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You work at a taquerĂ­a and want to ask a customer, politely with usted, what she wants. Which question follows the usual Spanish word order?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© usted quiere?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuiere quĂ© usted?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżUsted quiere quĂ©?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżQuĂ© quiere usted?" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "After a question word the verb usually comes right after it, and a stated subject usually goes after the verb: ÂżQuĂ© quiere usted? In the other options the verb does not come right after quĂ©.", "speak": { "text": "ÂżQuĂ© quiere usted?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "apyw8wf1vnu" }, { "id": "tf-no-word-for-do", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "questions" ], "statement": "To ask a yes/no question in Spanish, you add a word that means do before the verb, as English does.", "isTrue": false, "why": "Spanish needs no word for do in questions. A yes/no question can keep the word order of a statement, and only the intonation changes: Hablas español becomes ÂżHablas español?", "speak": { "text": "ÂżHablas español?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ho5xm11bhyc4j" }, { "id": "ot-tienen-que-trabajar", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "obligation" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your coworkers Ana and Pablo cannot join you for lunch because they have to work. You tell a friend. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Tiene que trabajar." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tenemos que trabajar." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tienen que trabajar." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tienen que trabajan." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Ana and Pablo are two people, so tener takes the ustedes / ellos / ellas form, tienen; que and the infinitive stay the same. Tiene is for one person, tenemos is for we, and the infinitive stays unchanged.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Tienen que trabajar.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "163ibljlowy0d" }, { "id": "ot-podemos-comer-aqui", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "questions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You and two friends walk into a taquerĂ­a and want to ask the server whether you may eat there. What do you ask?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPuedo comer aquĂ­?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPuedes comer aquĂ­?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPueden comer aquĂ­?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżPodemos comer aquĂ­?" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Poder asks permission, and for you and your friends it takes the nosotros form, which keeps the o: ÂżPodemos comer aquĂ­? Puedo is only for one person, pueden is for ustedes / ellos / ellas, and puedes is the tĂș form.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżPodemos comer aquĂ­?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "p1lctx1i4oof7" }, { "id": "ot-puedo-salir-ocho", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "stem-change" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Your boss asks whether you can leave at eight. You can. How do you answer, speaking for yourself?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Puedes salir a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Puedo salir a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Puedo salgo a las ocho." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Podemos salir a las ocho." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Poder plus an infinitive says what you can do, and for yourself you use puedo: Puedo salir a las ocho. Puedes is the tĂș form, podemos is for we, and the second verb stays in the infinitive.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Puedo salir a las ocho.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "h9namq1e18eo" }, { "id": "ot-les-ana-pablo-pan-dulce", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gustar", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At a bakery you tell the owner that your friends Ana and Pablo like pan dulce. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Les gusta el pan dulce." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Le gusta el pan dulce." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nos gusta el pan dulce." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Les gustan el pan dulce." } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Two people like it, so the pronoun is les, and pan dulce is singular, so the verb is gusta. Le is for one person, nos is for we, and gustan would need a plural noun.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Les gusta el pan dulce.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ne7nys1wpwllo" }, { "id": "ot-a-mi-me-gusta-cafe", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gustar", "pronouns" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You want to stress that you like coffee, even if others do not. Which sentence adds the phrase with a for emphasis?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "A mĂ­ gusta el cafĂ©." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A mĂ­ me gusta el cafĂ©." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A mĂ­ te gusta el cafĂ©." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A mĂ­ le gusta el cafĂ©." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "A mĂ­ goes with me, and you keep the pronoun when you add the phrase: A mĂ­ me gusta el cafĂ©. Leaving out me is wrong, and te and le belong to a ti and a ella, not a mĂ­.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "A mĂ­ me gusta el cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "hx1qifajis2z" }, { "id": "ot-ana-le-encanta-bailar", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You tell a friend that your sister Ana loves to dance. Which sentence do you say?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "A Ana le encantan bailar." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A Ana les encanta bailar." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A Ana le encanta bailar." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A Ana me encanta bailar." } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Ana is one person, so the pronoun is le, and an infinitive is one thing, so the verb is encanta: A Ana le encanta bailar. Les is for several people, me is for yo, and encantan needs a plural noun.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "A Ana le encanta bailar.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "mp3tl8cowohk" }, { "id": "cmp-me-gustan-los-tacos", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "gustar" ], "prompt": "You tell a friend that you like tacos. Which sentence is right?", "correct": { "caption": "Me gustan los tacos." }, "incorrect": { "caption": "Me gusta los tacos." }, "explanation": "The verb matches the thing liked. Los tacos is plural, so gustan; gusta goes with a singular noun or an infinitive, as in Me gusta el cafĂ©.", "speak": { "text": "Me gustan los tacos.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ccnwy91rq6f6z" }, { "id": "ot-donde-vives-amiga", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "questions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You ask a friend, in the informal way, where she lives. As questions often do, you leave out the pronoun. Which question fits?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżDĂłnde vivo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżDĂłnde vivimos?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżDĂłnde vives?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "ÂżDĂłnde viven?" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The ending shows who, so the pronoun can go. Your friend is tĂș, and vivir gives vives: ÂżDĂłnde vives? Vivo is for yo, vivimos for nosotros and viven for ustedes / ellos / ellas.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "ÂżDĂłnde vives?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "4b27v0mb9na0" }, { "id": "ot-hablas-espanol-voz", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "questions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A friend says Hablas español to you twice. The first time her voice stays level. The second time it rises at the end. What does the second one mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "She says you speak Spanish." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She says we speak Spanish." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She asks if we speak Spanish." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "She asks if you speak Spanish." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "A yes/no question can keep the word order of a statement; only the intonation changes, and the voice usually rises at the end. Hablas shows you, not we, so the rising voice asks whether you speak Spanish.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Hablas español.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "17uva8bkqswnv" }, { "id": "ot-no-me-gusta-significa", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "negation" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "At dinner your friend Pablo says No me gusta el cafĂ©. What does Pablo mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Pablo likes coffee." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Pablo does not like coffee." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "You do not like coffee." }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ana does not like coffee." } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "No goes before the pronoun me, so the sentence is negative, and me points to the speaker: No me gusta el cafĂ© means I don't like coffee. Without no it would be positive, and you or Ana would need te or le.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Verbs 1: The Present — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "No me gusta el cafĂ©.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1vmrwd918npe2b" }, { "id": "cmp-no-hablo-ingles", "shape": "comparison", "tags": [ "negation" ], "prompt": "Someone asks whether you speak English, and you don't. Which sentence is right?", "correct": { "caption": "No hablo inglĂ©s." }, "incorrect": { "caption": "Hablo no inglĂ©s." }, "explanation": "To make a sentence negative, put no directly before the verb: No hablo inglĂ©s. Spanish adds no word like English don't.", "speak": { "text": "No hablo inglĂ©s.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "3jfupb1c783y5" } ], "videos": [ { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c1", "lessonId": "l1-how-verbs-work", "title": "Three Endings, Three Families", "caption": "Every Spanish verb in the dictionary ends one of three ways: -ar, -er, or -ir. Hablar, to speak. Comer, to eat. Vivir, to live.", "durationSec": 31.91, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c1.48bfb24b.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c1.48bfb24b.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c1.48bfb24b.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c2", "lessonId": "l1-how-verbs-work", "title": "Five Endings for Every -ar Verb", "caption": "Every regular -ar verb takes the same 5 endings. Learn them once.", "durationSec": 31.02, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c2.bab15f0d.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c2.bab15f0d.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c2.bab15f0d.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c3", "lessonId": "l1-how-verbs-work", "title": "No Yo Needed", "caption": "Spanish speakers often leave out yo. The verb already says it. Hablo español. Hablo already means I speak.", "durationSec": 33, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c3.e56520cb.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c3.e56520cb.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l1-how-verbs-work_c3.e56520cb.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c1", "lessonId": "l2-er-and-ir-verbs", "title": "Change the A to an E", "caption": "Spanish -er verbs come with a shortcut. Take the -ar endings, and change the A to an E.", "durationSec": 33.19, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c1.7e8cef04.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c1.7e8cef04.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c1.7e8cef04.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c2", "lessonId": "l2-er-and-ir-verbs", "title": "Comemos or Vivimos", "caption": "Spanish -er and -ir verbs share almost every ending. Of the five forms, only one is different: nosotros, we.", "durationSec": 32.49, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c2.a052d8c9.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c2.a052d8c9.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c2.a052d8c9.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c3", "lessonId": "l2-er-and-ir-verbs", "title": "One Tense, Four Jobs", "caption": "The Spanish present tense does four main jobs. English often needs an -ing form for two of them.", "durationSec": 29.74, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c3.bdc05d84.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c3.bdc05d84.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l2-er-and-ir-verbs_c3.bdc05d84.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c1", "lessonId": "l3-ser-estar-ir", "title": "Soy, Eres, Es", "caption": "Ser means to be, and it breaks the rules. Compare como, comes, come with soy, eres, es.", "durationSec": 31.02, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c1.61fdf3e6.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c1.61fdf3e6.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c1.61fdf3e6.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c2", "lessonId": "l3-ser-estar-ir", "title": "Esta or EstĂĄ", "caption": "Esta means this. Add one accent, and estĂĄ means is. It's a form of estar, to be.", "durationSec": 30.61, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c2.9a12832a.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c2.9a12832a.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c2.9a12832a.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c3", "lessonId": "l3-ser-estar-ir", "title": "Voy a Estudiar", "caption": "To talk about plans in Spanish, start with ir, to go. Voy, vas, va, vamos, van.", "durationSec": 31.89, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c3.282dc2af.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c3.282dc2af.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l3-ser-estar-ir_c3.282dc2af.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c1", "lessonId": "l4-stem-changing-verbs", "title": "The Boot Verbs", "caption": "Some Spanish verbs change on the inside. Querer, to want, turns its e into ie. Quiero, I want.", "durationSec": 28.82, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c1.e0bcc458.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c1.e0bcc458.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c1.e0bcc458.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c2", "lessonId": "l4-stem-changing-verbs", "title": "Puedo, but Podemos", "caption": "Poder means can. Its o becomes ue. Puedo, I can. Puedes, puede, pueden.", "durationSec": 29.74, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c2.ff089bea.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c2.ff089bea.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c2.ff089bea.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c3", "lessonId": "l4-stem-changing-verbs", "title": "Pedir or Preguntar", "caption": "Spanish has 2 verbs for ask. Pedir is to ask for a thing. Preguntar is to ask a question.", "durationSec": 30.61, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c3.7aecbfba.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c3.7aecbfba.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l4-stem-changing-verbs_c3.7aecbfba.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c1", "lessonId": "l5-irregular-yo-forms", "title": "The Seven -go Verbs", "caption": "7 everyday Spanish verbs have a yo form that ends in -go.", "durationSec": 31.02, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c1.80b1fe63.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c1.80b1fe63.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c1.80b1fe63.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c2", "lessonId": "l5-irregular-yo-forms", "title": "Two Ways to Know", "caption": "English has one verb for know. Spanish has 2.", "durationSec": 31.02, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c2.3fe2f1dd.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c2.3fe2f1dd.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l5-irregular-yo-forms_c2.3fe2f1dd.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c1", "lessonId": "l6-verbs-in-use", "title": "\"Me Gusta\" Works Backwards", "caption": "Gustar works backwards from English like. Me gusta el cafĂ© means coffee is pleasing to me.", "durationSec": 31.91, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c1.ae8d4de7.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c1.ae8d4de7.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c1.ae8d4de7.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": "buEECWOLM1I", "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c2", "lessonId": "l6-verbs-in-use", "title": "Tengo Que or Hay Que", "caption": "To say what you have to do, use tener que, plus an infinitive. Tengo que trabajar. I have to work.", "durationSec": 30.4, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c2.6a43c3e2.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c2.6a43c3e2.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c2.6a43c3e2.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c3", "lessonId": "l6-verbs-in-use", "title": "No, No Hablo InglĂ©s", "caption": "In Spanish, no does the job of don't. Put it right before the verb. No hablo inglĂ©s. I don't speak English.", "durationSec": 29.74, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c3.fa2b9f4d.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c3.fa2b9f4d.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-verbs-1/videos/kp-spanish-verbs-1_l6-verbs-in-use_c3.fa2b9f4d.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": null, "captionsBurnedIn": true } ] }