{ "packId": "spanish-starter", "packName": "Spanish Starter", "packVersion": "1.0.6", "description": "Start speaking Latin American Spanish: greetings and courtesy, how the language sounds, pronouns and question words, then numbers, telling the time, days and dates. The first pack of the Spanish collection.", "language": "es", "tagsVocabulary": [ "greetings", "numbers-time", "plural-pronoun", "verb-or-formal", "person-time-place", "manner-cause-amount", "lower-tens", "upper-tens", "months", "seasons" ], "lessons": [ { "id": "l1-foundations", "title": "Lesson 1: Foundations", "order": 0, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-starter/guides/l1-foundations.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p1-greetings-courtesy", "title": "Part 1: Greetings and Courtesy", "blurb": "Master the essentials of etiquette and social flow.", "studyGuideAnchor": "greetings-and-courtesy", "itemIds": [ "pair-buenos-dias", "pair-buenas-noches", "pair-mucho-gusto", "pair-encantado", "pair-disculpe", "fact-saludos-contact", "mcq-greeting-formal", "cz-spanish-vocabulary-fact-saludos-contact", "mcq-c-spanish-vocabulary-fact-saludos-contact", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenos-dias", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenas-noches", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-mucho-gusto", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-encantado", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenos-d-as", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenas-tardes", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenas-noches", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-mucho-gusto", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-encantado", "ot-greetings-morning", "ot-greetings-night", "ot-greetings-excuse", "ot-greetings-encantada", "ot-greetrec-mucho", "ot-greetrec-encantado", "ot-greetrec-spain-kiss", "ot-greetrec-noches", "fact-greeting-clock", "fact-encantada-vs-disculpa", "fi-mcq-greeting-formal", "fi-ot-greetings-morning" ] }, { "id": "p2-pronouns-basic-verbs", "title": "Part 2: Pronouns and Basic Verbs", "blurb": "Identify the actors and the fundamental states of being.", "studyGuideAnchor": "pronouns-and-basic-verbs", "itemIds": [ "pair-nosotros", "pair-ustedes", "pair-ellos", "pair-usted", "pair-ser", "pair-estar", "cloze-ser-traits", "mcq-pronoun-vosotros", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ustedes", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ellos", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-usted", "ot-pron-usted", "ot-pron-nosotros", "ot-pron-latam-plural", "ot-pron-tu", "ot-serestar-ser-use", "ot-serestar-estar-use", "ot-serestar-cansado", "ot-serestar-trait", "ot-serestar-aburrido", "fact-four-ways-to-say-you", "fact-ser-estar-split", "fact-aburrido-flip", "fi-mcq-pronoun-vosotros", "fi-ot-pron-nosotros", "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-1", "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-2" ] }, { "id": "p3-question-words", "title": "Part 3: Question Words", "blurb": "Take control of the conversation by asking effectively.", "studyGuideAnchor": "question-words", "itemIds": [ "pair-quien", "pair-cuando", "pair-donde", "pair-porque", "pair-como", "pair-cuanto", "mcq-question-why", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-quien", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuando", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-donde", "ot-qw-donde", "ot-qw-porque", "ot-qw-cuanto", "ot-qw-mismatch", "fact-interrogative-roster", "fact-porque-two-words", "fact-accent-marks-the-question", "fi-ot-qw-donde", "fi-ot-qw-cuanto" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-greetings-courtesy", "statement": "Select the appropriate greeting and courtesy phrase for the time of day, for meeting someone, and for excusing yourself.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-time-greetings", "d-meeting-excusing" ] }, { "id": "obj-greeting-recognition", "statement": "Recognize the meanings of common greetings and the cheek-kiss (saludo) contact custom in Spanish-speaking cultures.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-greeting-tf", "d-saludos-custom" ] }, { "id": "obj-pronouns", "statement": "Distinguish Spanish subject pronouns, including formal vs. informal 'you' and ustedes as the plural 'you'.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-pronouns", "d-pronouns-check" ] }, { "id": "obj-ser-estar", "statement": "Apply ser vs. estar to separate permanent identity/traits from temporary states.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-ser-estar" ] }, { "id": "obj-question-words", "statement": "Identify the Spanish interrogatives and distinguish '¿por qué?' from 'porque'.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-interrogatives", "d-porque" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-time-greetings", "label": "Time-of-day greetings", "itemIds": [ "pair-buenos-dias", "pair-buenas-noches", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenos-d-as", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenas-tardes" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-meeting-excusing", "label": "Meeting and excusing phrases", "itemIds": [ "pair-mucho-gusto", "pair-encantado", "pair-disculpe", "mcq-greeting-formal" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-greeting-tf", "label": "Greeting meanings verified", "itemIds": [ "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenos-dias", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenas-noches", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-mucho-gusto", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-encantado" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-saludos-custom", "label": "Cheek-kiss custom", "itemIds": [ "cz-spanish-vocabulary-fact-saludos-contact", "mcq-c-spanish-vocabulary-fact-saludos-contact" ], "requiredCorrect": 2 }, { "id": "d-pronouns", "label": "Subject pronouns", "itemIds": [ "pair-nosotros", "pair-ustedes", "pair-ellos", "pair-usted", "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-1", "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-2" ], "requiredCorrect": 6 }, { "id": "d-pronouns-check", "label": "Pronoun distinctions", "itemIds": [ "mcq-pronoun-vosotros", "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-2", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-usted", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ellos" ], "requiredCorrect": 5 }, { "id": "d-ser-estar", "label": "Ser vs. estar", "itemIds": [ "cloze-ser-traits", "ot-serestar-cansado", "ot-serestar-trait", "ot-serestar-aburrido" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-interrogatives", "label": "Interrogatives", "itemIds": [ "pair-quien", "pair-cuando", "pair-donde", "pair-como" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-porque", "label": "Interrogatives: por qué vs. porque, and cuánto", "itemIds": [ "pair-porque", "mcq-question-why", "ot-qw-porque", "pair-cuanto" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-greetings-courtesy", "objectiveId": "obj-greetings-courtesy", "title": "Greetings & Courtesy", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-greeting-formal", "ot-greetings-morning", "ot-greetings-night", "ot-greetings-excuse", "ot-greetings-encantada" ] }, { "id": "test-greeting-recognition", "objectiveId": "obj-greeting-recognition", "title": "Greeting Meanings & Saludos", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-c-spanish-vocabulary-fact-saludos-contact", "ot-greetrec-mucho", "ot-greetrec-encantado", "ot-greetrec-spain-kiss", "ot-greetrec-noches" ] }, { "id": "test-pronouns", "objectiveId": "obj-pronouns", "title": "Subject Pronouns", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-pronoun-vosotros", "ot-pron-usted", "ot-pron-nosotros", "ot-pron-latam-plural", "ot-pron-tu", "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-1", "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-2" ] }, { "id": "test-ser-estar", "objectiveId": "obj-ser-estar", "title": "Ser vs. Estar", "mcqIds": [ "ot-serestar-ser-use", "ot-serestar-estar-use", "ot-serestar-cansado", "ot-serestar-trait", "ot-serestar-aburrido" ] }, { "id": "test-question-words", "objectiveId": "obj-question-words", "title": "Question Words & Por Que", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-question-why", "ot-qw-donde", "ot-qw-porque", "ot-qw-cuanto", "ot-qw-mismatch" ] } ] }, { "id": "l2-numbers-time", "title": "Lesson 2: Numbers, Time & Dates", "order": 1, "studyGuidePath": "/packs/spanish-starter/guides/l2-numbers-time.md", "parts": [ { "id": "p4-numbers-100", "title": "Part 1: Numbers 1-100", "blurb": "Handle prices, ages, and counts with double-digit precision.", "studyGuideAnchor": "numbers-1-100", "itemIds": [ "pair-treinta", "pair-cuarenta", "pair-cincuenta", "pair-sesenta", "pair-setenta", "pair-ochenta", "pair-noventa", "pair-cien", "mcq-rw-p4-numbers-100", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-treinta", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuarenta", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cincuenta", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-sesenta", "ot-tens-treinta", "ot-tens-noventa", "ot-tens-smallest", "ot-tens-not", "ot-tens-setenta", "ot-cien-flat", "ot-cien-101", "ot-cien-sesenta", "ot-cien-150-false", "fact-tens-enta-pattern", "fact-sesenta-setenta-trap", "fact-cien-vs-ciento", "fi-ot-tens-smallest", "fi-ot-tens-not", "ot-cien-120" ] }, { "id": "p5-telling-time", "title": "Part 2: Telling Time", "blurb": "Coordinate your day and schedule appointments.", "studyGuideAnchor": "telling-time", "itemIds": [ "pair-la-hora", "pair-en-punto", "pair-media", "pair-cuarto", "cloze-time-son", "mcq-time-afternoon", "fact-mediodia-cultural", "cmp-time-menos-cuarto", "cmp-time-y-media", "cmp-time-y-cuarto", "cmp-time-en-punto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-la-hora", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-media", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuarto", "ot-time-una", "ot-time-cuarto", "ot-time-130", "ot-time-punto", "fact-es-la-una", "fact-menos-cuarto-countdown", "fi-mcq-time-afternoon", "fi-ot-time-punto" ] }, { "id": "p6-days-months-seasons", "title": "Part 3: Days, Months, and Seasons", "blurb": "Navigate the calendar and describe long durations.", "studyGuideAnchor": "days-months-seasons", "itemIds": [ "pair-enero", "pair-agosto", "pair-diciembre", "pair-primavera", "pair-otono", "pair-invierno", "cloze-seasons-verano", "mcq-months-order", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-enero", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-agosto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-diciembre", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-primavera", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-primavera", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-verano", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-oto-o", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-invierno", "ot-months-enero", "ot-months-diciembre", "ot-months-first", "ot-months-marzo", "ot-seasons-primavera", "ot-seasons-invierno", "ot-seasons-calor", "ot-seasons-feminine", "ot-seasons-hacer", "fact-months-lowercase", "fact-primavera-only-feminine", "fact-hacer-weather", "fi-mcq-months-order", "fi-ot-months-diciembre" ] } ], "objectives": [ { "id": "obj-count-tens", "statement": "Count the tens from 30 to 100 in Spanish.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-lower-tens", "d-upper-tens" ] }, { "id": "obj-cien-ciento", "statement": "Recognize that cien (exactly 100) becomes ciento for 101 through 199.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-cien-ciento" ] }, { "id": "obj-telling-time", "statement": "Tell time using son las and the fractions media, cuarto, and en punto.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-time-fractions", "d-time-usage" ] }, { "id": "obj-months", "statement": "Name the months of the year and give their order.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-months", "d-months-tf" ] }, { "id": "obj-seasons", "statement": "Identify the four seasons and pair weather with them.", "demonstrationIds": [ "d-seasons", "d-seasons-concept" ] } ], "demonstrations": [ { "id": "d-lower-tens", "label": "Tens 30-60", "itemIds": [ "pair-treinta", "pair-cuarenta", "pair-cincuenta", "pair-sesenta" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-upper-tens", "label": "Tens 70-100", "itemIds": [ "pair-setenta", "pair-ochenta", "pair-noventa", "pair-cien" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-cien-ciento", "label": "cien vs. ciento", "itemIds": [ "mcq-rw-p4-numbers-100" ], "requiredCorrect": 1 }, { "id": "d-time-fractions", "label": "Time fractions", "itemIds": [ "pair-en-punto", "pair-media", "pair-cuarto", "ot-time-130" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-time-usage", "label": "Telling time in context", "itemIds": [ "cloze-time-son", "mcq-time-afternoon", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-media", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuarto" ], "requiredCorrect": 5 }, { "id": "d-months", "label": "Months and order", "itemIds": [ "pair-enero", "pair-agosto", "pair-diciembre", "mcq-months-order" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-months-tf", "label": "Month meanings verified", "itemIds": [ "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-enero", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-agosto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-diciembre" ], "requiredCorrect": 3 }, { "id": "d-seasons", "label": "Seasons and weather", "itemIds": [ "pair-primavera", "pair-otono", "pair-invierno", "cloze-seasons-verano" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 }, { "id": "d-seasons-concept", "label": "Season concepts", "itemIds": [ "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-primavera", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-verano", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-invierno", "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-oto-o" ], "requiredCorrect": 4 } ], "objectiveTests": [ { "id": "test-count-tens", "objectiveId": "obj-count-tens", "title": "Counting the tens 30-100", "mcqIds": [ "ot-tens-treinta", "ot-tens-noventa", "ot-tens-smallest", "ot-tens-not", "ot-tens-setenta" ] }, { "id": "test-cien-ciento", "objectiveId": "obj-cien-ciento", "title": "Cien vs. ciento", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-rw-p4-numbers-100", "ot-cien-flat", "ot-cien-101", "ot-cien-120", "ot-cien-150-false" ] }, { "id": "test-telling-time", "objectiveId": "obj-telling-time", "title": "Telling time", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-time-afternoon", "ot-time-una", "ot-time-cuarto", "ot-time-130", "ot-time-punto" ] }, { "id": "test-months", "objectiveId": "obj-months", "title": "Months of the year", "mcqIds": [ "mcq-months-order", "ot-months-enero", "ot-months-diciembre", "ot-months-first", "ot-months-marzo" ] }, { "id": "test-seasons", "objectiveId": "obj-seasons", "title": "Seasons and weather", "mcqIds": [ "ot-seasons-primavera", "ot-seasons-invierno", "ot-seasons-calor", "ot-seasons-feminine", "ot-seasons-hacer" ] } ], "sources": [ { "label": "Spanish numbers: cien vs ciento (101-199 take ciento)", "url": "https://speleotrove.com/spanish/numbers.html" } ] } ], "items": [ { "id": "pair-buenos-dias", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenos días" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Good morning" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A bright morning sun over a city street", "imageSearchTerm": "morning sun city", "alt": "Morning sun city", "credit": "Pexels · Lukas Rychvalsky", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/view-of-sunset-on-road-670735/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-buenos-dias.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Buenos días", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1a0zik71lsyzdp" }, { "id": "pair-buenas-noches", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenas noches" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Good night / Good evening" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A moonlit sky over a quiet house", "imageSearchTerm": "moonlit night sky", "alt": "Moonlit night sky", "credit": "Pexels · Tito Zzzz", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/the-moon-above-a-city-20180368/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-buenas-noches.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Buenas noches", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "hkzal412vpclo" }, { "id": "pair-mucho-gusto", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Mucho gusto" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Nice to meet you" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Two people shaking hands and smiling", "imageSearchTerm": "handshake people smiling", "alt": "Handshake people smiling", "credit": "Pexels · Phát Trần", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-in-formal-attire-handshaking-9951885/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-mucho-gusto.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Mucho gusto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "qi1xuboj8brt" }, { "id": "pair-encantado", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Encantado" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Delighted / Pleased to meet you" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A man bowing slightly in a polite greeting", "imageSearchTerm": "polite greeting man", "alt": "Polite greeting man", "credit": "Pexels · Mehmet Turgut Kirkgoz", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-man-standing-beside-a-window-11536833/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-encantado.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Encantado", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "fm7qh418c8cug" }, { "id": "pair-disculpe", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Disculpe" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Excuse me (formal)" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person raising a hand to catch someone's attention", "imageSearchTerm": "raising hand attention", "alt": "Raising hand attention", "credit": "Pexels · Yan Krukau", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/students-raising-hands-8618063/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-disculpe.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Disculpe", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "9p7o0x1wdfypz" }, { "id": "fact-saludos-contact", "tags": [ "greetings", "culture" ], "title": "The Etiquette of Physical Contact", "body": "In Spanish cultures, **saludos** often involve more physical contact. Between friends, a single kiss on the cheek is standard in most of Latin America; in Spain it is a kiss on each cheek. In business, stick to a firm handshake.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "cheek kiss friendly greeting", "imagePrompt": "Two friends greeting each other with a kiss on the cheek in a warm social setting.", "alt": "The Etiquette of Physical Contact", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Anna Tarazevich", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-kissing-a-woman-on-the-cheek-5080651/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-saludos-contact.webp" }, "curatedDistractors": [ "Scandinavia", "Southeast Asia", "Eastern Europe" ], "speak": { "text": "saludos", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-greetrec-spain-kiss" ], "uid": "14055lpqafu47" }, { "id": "mcq-greeting-formal", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "¡Hola, hermano!" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenas, ¿qué tal?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Qué onda, amigo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Mucho gusto, un placer." } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "'Mucho gusto' is the standard, polite way to acknowledge a new introduction in a formal or semi-formal setting.", "shape": "mcq", "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which greeting is most appropriate when meeting a professional colleague for the first time?" }, "speak": { "text": "Mucho gusto, un placer.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "tuuqxe1ngy6oy" }, { "id": "cz-spanish-vocabulary-fact-saludos-contact", "shape": "cloze", "tags": [ "greetings", "culture" ], "template": "Between friends in most of Latin America, a **saludo** is ___ on the cheek. In business, stick to a firm handshake.", "answer": "one kiss", "distractors": [ "two kisses", "three kisses", "four kisses" ], "derivedFrom": "fact-saludos-contact", "speak": { "text": "saludo", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "4fyikz16d6awh" }, { "id": "mcq-c-spanish-vocabulary-fact-saludos-contact", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "greetings", "culture" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Between friends in most of Latin America, a **saludo** is ___ on the cheek. In business, stick to a firm handshake." }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "four kisses" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "one kiss" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "two kisses" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "three kisses" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "derivedFrom": "fact-saludos-contact", "speak": { "text": "saludo", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "129j1ke1v07fne" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenos-dias", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "statement": "\"Buenos días\" means \"Good morning\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "Buenos días means Good morning.", "derivedFrom": "pair-buenos-dias", "speak": { "text": "Buenos días", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "mszvbva6r01" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenas-noches", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "statement": "\"Buenas noches\" means \"Delighted / Pleased to meet you\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Buenas noches actually means Good night / Good evening.", "derivedFrom": "pair-buenas-noches", "speak": { "text": "Buenas noches", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1cqdbaajft4ki" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-mucho-gusto", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "statement": "\"Mucho gusto\" means \"Excuse me (formal)\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Mucho gusto actually means Nice to meet you.", "derivedFrom": "pair-mucho-gusto", "speak": { "text": "Mucho gusto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1dvsletcajx57" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-encantado", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "statement": "\"Encantado\" means \"Good night / Good evening\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Encantado actually means Delighted / Pleased to meet you.", "derivedFrom": "pair-encantado", "speak": { "text": "Encantado", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "oc4006l0poua" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenos-d-as", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "greetings", "courtesy" ], "name": "buenos días", "clues": [ "A time-of-day greeting locals expect the moment you walk into a small shop.", "You use it during the earlier stretch of the day.", "It stays correct up until roughly midday, then you switch to something else." ], "speak": { "text": "buenos días", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "cudsf6n5yxfa" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenas-tardes", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "greetings", "courtesy" ], "name": "buenas tardes", "clues": [ "A standard time-of-day greeting in Spanish.", "Its window is the afternoon.", "You reach for it after the morning greeting has expired but before it gets dark." ], "speak": { "text": "buenas tardes", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "7kluqm1gb4zm" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-buenas-noches", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "greetings", "courtesy" ], "name": "buenas noches", "clues": [ "A time-of-day greeting you use once it has gotten dark out.", "It does double duty, covering both 'good evening' and 'good night.'" ], "speak": { "text": "buenas noches", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-greetings-night", "ot-greetrec-noches", "pair-buenas-noches", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenas-noches" ], "uid": "4ywy6o5muvi8" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-mucho-gusto", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "greetings", "courtesy" ], "name": "mucho gusto", "clues": [ "A short phrase you say the instant you are introduced to someone.", "It is the safe default when meeting a stranger.", "It conveys the pleasure of the encounter — 'nice to meet you.'" ], "speak": { "text": "mucho gusto", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-greetrec-mucho", "pair-mucho-gusto", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-mucho-gusto" ], "uid": "1f9qvsdq4kte3" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-encantado", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "greetings", "courtesy" ], "name": "encantado", "clues": [ "An expression used on being introduced, meaning 'delighted.'", "It sounds slightly warmer than the standard meeting phrase and works in business settings.", "A woman speaking it changes its final vowel to '-a.'" ], "speak": { "text": "encantado", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-greetings-encantada", "ot-greetrec-encantado", "pair-encantado", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-encantado" ], "uid": "a0w91g1ki1b6c" }, { "id": "ot-greetings-morning", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "greetings", "time-of-day" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You walk into a shop at 9 a.m. Which greeting fits the time of day?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Mucho gusto" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenos días" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenas tardes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenas noches" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "'Buenos días' is used until roughly midday. 'Buenas tardes' is for the afternoon and 'buenas noches' for after dark.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Buenos días", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "mnh54b1koa0dp" }, { "id": "ot-greetings-night", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "greetings", "time-of-day" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "It is 9 p.m. and already dark out. Which greeting is correct?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenas noches" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenos días" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenas tardes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Disculpe" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "'Buenas noches' covers both good evening and good night, used once it is dark. 'Buenos días' is for morning, 'buenas tardes' for the afternoon.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Buenas noches", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "9vthxr1y1mwzd" }, { "id": "ot-greetings-excuse", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "courtesy", "excusing" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How do you formally excuse yourself to get through a crowd?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Mucho gusto" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Disculpa" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Disculpe" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Encantado" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'Disculpe' is the formal way to excuse yourself; 'disculpa' is its informal counterpart. 'Mucho gusto' and 'encantado' are for introductions.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Disculpe", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "a2chqp17wdqqb" }, { "id": "ot-greetings-encantada", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "courtesy", "gender-agreement" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A woman being introduced wants to say 'delighted / pleased to meet you.' Which form should she use?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Encantada" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Encantado" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Buenas tardes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Perdone" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "A woman says 'encantada'; a man says 'encantado.' The ending agrees with the speaker's gender.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Encantada", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1g4yztbpgajnl" }, { "id": "ot-greetrec-mucho", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "greetings", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'Mucho gusto' mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Nice to meet you" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Good night" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Excuse me" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "See you later" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "'Mucho gusto' means 'nice to meet you,' the safe default when introduced to someone.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Mucho gusto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "7pw04ea60liq" }, { "id": "ot-greetrec-encantado", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "greetings", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'Encantado' mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Excuse me, pardon the interruption" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Delighted / pleased to meet you" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Good morning" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "How much?" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "'Encantado' means 'delighted' and works like 'mucho gusto' when meeting someone; it sounds slightly warmer.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Encantado", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1p0y3m01xeoyxc" }, { "id": "ot-greetrec-spain-kiss", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "saludo", "custom" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In most of Latin America, a saludo between friends typically involves what?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "A brief bow" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A single cheek-kiss" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "A firm handshake" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Two light cheek-kisses, one per side" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Between friends in most of Latin America, a saludo is a single cheek-kiss. In Spain it is two, one per side.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "saludo", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1eipc0d11j6q3j" }, { "id": "ot-greetrec-noches", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "greetings", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'Buenas noches' mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Good night / good evening" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Excuse me (formal)" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nice to meet you" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Good morning" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "'Buenas noches' covers both good evening and good night, used once it is dark. 'Buenos días' is morning and 'mucho gusto' is for introductions.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Buenas noches", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "17uxyf1pa32t1" }, { "id": "fact-greeting-clock", "tags": [ "greetings", "courtesy", "time-of-day" ], "title": "Greetings run on a clock", "body": "**Buenos días** holds until roughly midday, **buenas tardes** covers the afternoon, and **buenas noches** takes over once it is dark — that last one means both *good evening* and *good night*. Skipping the greeting on the way into a small shop is the kind of thing locals notice.", "shape": "fact", "factVariant": "image-heavy", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A customer greeting a shopkeeper while entering a small traditional neighborhood shop.", "imageSearchTerm": "shopkeeper greeting customer Spain", "alt": "Greetings Run on a Clock, Not a Mood", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Tim Douglas", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/content-worker-passing-alcoholic-cocktail-to-ethnic-partner-at-counter-6205538/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-greeting-clock.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Buenos días", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-greetings-night", "ot-greetrec-noches", "pair-buenas-noches", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-buenas-noches" ], "uid": "1rla47v14cckat" }, { "id": "fact-encantada-vs-disculpa", "tags": [ "greetings", "courtesy", "gender-agreement" ], "title": "Two words, two reasons", "body": "**Encantado** becomes **encantada** because the speaker is a woman — the ending agrees with *you*, not with the person you are meeting. **Disculpe** becomes **disculpa** for an entirely different reason: formality, formal to informal. And when in doubt on an introduction, **mucho gusto** works for everyone.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "formal informal handshake greeting", "imagePrompt": "Two people meeting for the first time, one greeting formally with a handshake and the other more casually, showing a shift in tone.", "alt": "Two words, two reasons", "depictable": false, "credit": "Unsplash · Cytonn Photography · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/two-people-shaking-hands-n95VMLxqM2I", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-encantada-vs-disculpa.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Encantado", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-greetings-encantada" ], "uid": "mlmpg11mqtigr" }, { "id": "fi-mcq-greeting-formal", "tags": [ "greetings" ], "title": "Mucho gusto", "body": "When meeting a professional colleague for the first time, 'Mucho gusto, un placer' is the polite, standard way to acknowledge the introduction.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "professional handshake greeting", "imagePrompt": "Two professionals shaking hands and smiling during a first introduction in an office.", "alt": "Mucho gusto", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Bia Limova", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/professional-handshake-in-business-meeting-33175650/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-mcq-greeting-formal.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Mucho gusto, un placer", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "wo8fqg1q0h6wg" }, { "id": "fi-ot-greetings-morning", "tags": [ "greetings", "time-of-day" ], "title": "Buenos días", "body": "Walking into a shop around 9 a.m. calls for 'buenos días' — it's the fitting greeting until roughly midday.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "shopkeeper morning greeting customer", "imagePrompt": "A shopkeeper greeting a customer walking into a shop in the early morning light.", "alt": "Buenos días", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Tim Douglas", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/content-worker-passing-alcoholic-cocktail-to-ethnic-partner-at-counter-6205538/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-greetings-morning.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Buenos días", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "13rlgspxibua3" }, { "id": "pair-nosotros", "tags": [ "plural-pronoun", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotros" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "We" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A group of friends pointing at themselves together", "imageSearchTerm": "group of friends we", "alt": "Group of friends we" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "mvgn42107z6my" }, { "id": "pair-ustedes", "tags": [ "plural-pronoun", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "You all (formal and informal)" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person addressing a small crowd", "imageSearchTerm": "person addressing crowd", "alt": "Person addressing crowd", "credit": "Pexels · Israel Torres", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/elderly-man-speech-at-event-20173242/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-ustedes.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Ustedes", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ej91xp1ixe3ib" }, { "id": "pair-ellos", "tags": [ "plural-pronoun", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "They" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Two men walking in the distance away from the camera", "imageSearchTerm": "people walking away", "alt": "People walking away", "credit": "Pexels · Jan Ernest", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-person-walking-on-the-sidewalk-10399053/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-ellos.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Ellos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "yyhicit6aqae" }, { "id": "pair-usted", "tags": [ "verb-or-formal", "pronouns" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "You (formal)" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A young person speaking respectfully to an elder", "imageSearchTerm": "speaking to elder", "alt": "Speaking to elder", "credit": "Pexels · Laura Garcia", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/elderly-man-speaking-with-microphone-at-event-31589574/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-usted.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Usted", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "bh1ku31wnfw7d" }, { "id": "pair-ser", "tags": [ "verb-or-formal", "basic-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ser" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "To be (permanent/essential)" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person standing next to their DNA helix", "imageSearchTerm": "essential traits", "alt": "Essential traits", "credit": "Pexels · Markus Winkler", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/trust-text-on-wooden-dice-19915916/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-ser.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Ser", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1myjpvd1kncvx3" }, { "id": "pair-estar", "tags": [ "verb-or-formal", "basic-verbs" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Estar" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "To be (temporary/location)" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person sitting on a chair looking tired", "imageSearchTerm": "temporary state", "alt": "Temporary state", "credit": "Pexels · Ivan S", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-person-with-black-body-paint-5677317/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-estar.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Estar", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1deluxasnul6" }, { "id": "cloze-ser-traits", "tags": [ "basic-verbs" ], "template": "Juan ___ muy inteligente y optimista (lasting traits).", "answer": "es", "distractors": [ "está", "son", "soy" ], "explanation": "We use 'ser' (es) for inherent personality traits like intelligence and optimism.", "shape": "cloze", "speak": { "text": "Juan es muy inteligente y optimista.", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "16rk98ifkmbr2" }, { "id": "mcq-pronoun-vosotros", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotros" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'Ustedes' is the plural 'you' across Latin America, formal or informal. (Spain also uses 'vosotros' for an informal 'you all.')", "shape": "mcq", "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which pronoun is used across Latin America for an informal 'you all'?" }, "speak": { "text": "Ustedes", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ywdu7o50qt40" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "plural-pronoun", "pronouns" ], "statement": "\"Nosotros\" means \"They\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Nosotros actually means We.", "derivedFrom": "pair-nosotros", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ihmcch1jq7fzb" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "plural-pronoun", "pronouns" ], "statement": "\"Nosotros\" means \"We\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "Nosotros means We.", "derivedFrom": "pair-nosotros", "speak": { "text": "Nosotros", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "11q8c4018q2y44" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ustedes", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "plural-pronoun", "pronouns" ], "statement": "\"Ustedes\" means \"They\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Ustedes actually means You all (formal and informal).", "derivedFrom": "pair-ustedes", "speak": { "text": "Ustedes", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "rgupy39zb22t" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ellos", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "plural-pronoun", "pronouns" ], "statement": "\"Ellos\" means \"We\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Ellos actually means They.", "derivedFrom": "pair-ellos", "speak": { "text": "Ellos", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "14h4y79micjhj" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-usted", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "verb-or-formal", "pronouns" ], "statement": "\"Usted\" means \"To be (temporary/location)\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Usted actually means You (formal).", "derivedFrom": "pair-usted", "speak": { "text": "Usted", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "14ythqhndknv7" }, { "id": "ot-pron-usted", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "formal" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which pronoun is the formal singular 'you,' used with strangers and elders?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tú" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotros" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "'Usted' is formal singular 'you.' 'Tú' is informal singular, while 'ustedes' and 'nosotros' are plural.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Usted", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "5frzhweo5jz8" }, { "id": "ot-pron-nosotros", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'Nosotros' mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "You all" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "You (formal)" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "We" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "They" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'Nosotros' means 'we.' 'Ellos' is 'they,' 'ustedes' is 'you all,' and 'usted' is formal 'you.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Nosotros", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "16sfaam1oolrke" }, { "id": "ot-pron-latam-plural", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "latin-america" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In Latin America, which pronoun is used for 'you all' with everyone, formal or informal?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tú" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotros" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Across Latin America, 'ustedes' is the plural 'you' for everyone, formal or informal. (Spain also uses 'vosotros' for the informal plural.)", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ustedes", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "10ytty7csir59" }, { "id": "ot-pron-tu", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "informal" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which pronoun is the informal singular 'you'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tú" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "'Tú' is informal singular 'you.' 'Usted' is its formal counterpart; 'ustedes' and 'ellos' are plural.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Tú", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "emqaobptp3l9" }, { "id": "ot-serestar-ser-use", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser-estar", "concept" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which situation calls for 'ser'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Stating a permanent trait or identity" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Describing a passing mood or feeling" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Saying how something looks or tastes today" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Describing a current location" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "'Ser' is for what something is: identity, profession, nationality, permanent traits. 'Estar' handles location and temporary states.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "ser", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1i738x173irnz" }, { "id": "ot-serestar-estar-use", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser-estar", "concept" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which situation calls for 'estar'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Naming a permanent trait or a family role" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Describing location or a temporary state" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Stating nationality or origin" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Stating a profession or job title" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "'Estar' covers how something is right now: location, mood, temporary states. Identity and permanent traits take 'ser.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "estar", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "egiev1kkwd61" }, { "id": "ot-serestar-cansado", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser-estar", "apply" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Fill the blank: 'Juan ___ cansado' (he is tired right now)." }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "es" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "estoy" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "está" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "son" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Being tired is a temporary state, so 'estar' is conjugated as 'está.' 'Es' (from ser) would be for a permanent trait.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Juan está cansado", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "2v3rk21wlfqvi" }, { "id": "ot-serestar-trait", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser-estar", "apply" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Fill the blank: 'Juan ___ muy inteligente' (a lasting trait)." }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "soy" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "es" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "está" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "son" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Intelligence is a permanent trait, so 'ser' is conjugated as 'es.' 'Está' would wrongly mark it as temporary.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Juan es muy inteligente", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1e44mk61tagkbq" }, { "id": "ot-serestar-aburrido", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "ser-estar", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'estar aburrido' mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "To be tired" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "To be boring" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "To be intelligent" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "To be bored" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "'Estar aburrido' is 'to be bored' (a temporary state). 'Ser aburrido' means 'to be boring' — the verb choice flips the meaning.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "estar aburrido", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "p5zvww1ovsjlc" }, { "id": "fact-four-ways-to-say-you", "tags": [ "pronouns", "formal", "latin-america" ], "title": "Spanish Makes You Pick a You", "body": "English has one *you*; Spanish makes you choose. **Tú** is informal singular, **usted** formal singular, and **ustedes** the plural *you* for everybody, formal or informal (Spain also uses **vosotros** for an informal plural). **Nosotros** (*we*) and **ellos** (*they*) are the easy ones.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "group conversation diverse people", "imagePrompt": "A group of people in animated conversation, each addressed a little differently depending on formality and familiarity.", "alt": "Spanish Makes You Pick a You", "depictable": false, "credit": "BTO - Official (Openverse) · by 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/44601004@N04/5042423666", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-four-ways-to-say-you.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "ustedes", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-1", "ot-pron-latam-plural", "ot-pron-tu", "ot-pron-usted", "pair-ellos", "pair-nosotros", "pair-usted", "pair-ustedes", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ellos", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-usted", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ustedes", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros" ], "uid": "oncx9015zmc7g" }, { "id": "fact-ser-estar-split", "tags": [ "ser-estar", "basic-verbs" ], "title": "Ser is who, estar how", "body": "Spanish splits *to be* in two. **Ser** handles identity — nationality, profession, lasting traits: *Juan **es** muy inteligente*. **Estar** handles the moment — location, mood, anything passing: *Juan **está** cansado*. Location is the catch: where a person or thing is takes **estar** even when it never changes (*Guadalajara **está** en México*).", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "stone water silhouette figure", "imagePrompt": "A single silhouette split in half, one side rendered as solid carved stone and the other as flowing water, symbolizing lasting identity versus a passing state.", "alt": "Ser is who, estar how", "depictable": false, "credit": "Pexels · ken choi · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/solitary-figure-in-ocean-at-twilight-32979684/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-ser-estar-split.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Ser", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-ser-traits", "ot-serestar-cansado", "ot-serestar-estar-use", "ot-serestar-ser-use", "ot-serestar-trait", "pair-estar", "pair-ser" ], "uid": "cph3eq1g1929i" }, { "id": "fact-aburrido-flip", "tags": [ "ser-estar", "basic-verbs" ], "title": "Ser Aburrido vs Estar Aburrido", "body": "Pick the wrong *to be* and the sentence turns on you. **Ser aburrido** means *to be boring*; **estar aburrido** means *to be bored*. Same adjective, one verb apart — telling a host *la fiesta es aburrida* is a review, not a mood.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "bored person yawning chair", "imagePrompt": "A bored-looking person slumped in a chair, yawning, capturing the feeling of boredom.", "alt": "Ser Aburrido vs Estar Aburrido", "depictable": false, "credit": "Unsplash · Adrian Swancar · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/man-wearing-black-crew-neck-top-roCfgvkBLVY", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-aburrido-flip.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Ser aburrido", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-serestar-aburrido" ], "uid": "uayoh7uygcyl" }, { "id": "fi-mcq-pronoun-vosotros", "tags": [ "pronouns" ], "title": "Ustedes", "body": "Across Latin America, 'ustedes' covers both formal and informal plural 'you'; Spain also uses 'vosotros' for an informal 'you all.'", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "Spain Latin America map", "imagePrompt": "A simple map silhouette of Spain and Latin America connected by a curved dotted line, with no text.", "alt": "Ustedes", "depictable": false, "credit": "Wikimedia Commons · Alemigav · CC0", "creditUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Languages_in_Latin_America.jpg", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-mcq-pronoun-vosotros.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Ustedes", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-pron-latam-plural", "pair-ustedes", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-ustedes" ], "uid": "1r875p21yyqgwq" }, { "id": "fi-ot-pron-nosotros", "tags": [ "pronouns", "meaning" ], "title": "Nosotros", "body": "'Nosotros' is the Spanish word for 'we,' distinct from 'ellos' (they), 'ustedes' (you all), and 'usted' (formal you).", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "group silhouette standing together", "imagePrompt": "A close circle of several silhouetted people standing shoulder to shoulder, representing togetherness.", "alt": "Nosotros", "depictable": false, "credit": "marfis75 (Openverse) · by 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/45409431@N00/5034988401", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-pron-nosotros.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Nosotros", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "pair-nosotros", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-nosotros" ], "uid": "1ts56nmlhcb56" }, { "id": "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-1", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "spanish", "grammar" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which Spanish pronoun means the informal singular 'you', used with friends or peers?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Nosotros" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tú" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "'Tú' is the informal singular 'you' in Spanish, used with friends, peers, and family; 'usted' is the formal singular.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Tú", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1xqhyn5805ylj" }, { "id": "ot-cov-obj-pronouns-2", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "pronouns", "spanish", "grammar" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which pronoun would you use to address a close friend who is the same age as you?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Usted" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tú" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ustedes" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ellos" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "'Tú' is used for informal address with friends and peers, while 'usted' is reserved for formal or deferential contexts.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Tú", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "va3qxo7q8fkc" }, { "id": "pair-quien", "tags": [ "person-time-place", "question-words" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Quién?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Who?" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A question mark over a silhouette of a person", "imageSearchTerm": "person silhouette question", "alt": "Person silhouette question", "credit": "Pexels · Anna Shvets", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/pills-fixed-as-question-mark-sign-3683053/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-quien.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "¿Quién?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ghghfwqosfgk" }, { "id": "pair-cuando", "tags": [ "person-time-place", "question-words" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cuándo?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "When?" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A calendar with a circle around a date", "imageSearchTerm": "calendar date circle", "alt": "Calendar date circle", "credit": "Pexels · Towfiqu barbhuiya", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-person-holding-black-pen-pointing-on-calendar-11773871/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-cuando.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "¿Cuándo?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "11i39421jg4wm" }, { "id": "pair-donde", "tags": [ "person-time-place", "question-words" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Dónde?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Where?" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A map with a red pin on it", "imageSearchTerm": "map red pin", "alt": "Map red pin", "credit": "Pexels · GeoJango Maps", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/hand-placing-pin-on-map-7663519/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-donde.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "¿Dónde?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "dlkot91gyzjz" }, { "id": "pair-porque", "tags": [ "manner-cause-amount", "question-words" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Por qué?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Why?" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A person thinking with an inquisitive expression", "imageSearchTerm": "thinking person inquisitive", "alt": "Thinking person inquisitive", "credit": "Pexels · Public Domain Pictures", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-in-black-t-shirt-leaning-on-white-table-in-front-of-white-book-41943/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-porque.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "¿Por qué?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "jix6242f4ij8" }, { "id": "pair-como", "tags": [ "manner-cause-amount", "question-words" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cómo?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "How?" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A blueprint showing the steps of a process", "imageSearchTerm": "process blueprint", "alt": "Process blueprint", "credit": "Pexels · Tima Miroshnichenko", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photo-of-a-diagram-with-drawing-compass-6615086/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-como.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "¿Cómo?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "gyk50y1is0fkq" }, { "id": "pair-cuanto", "tags": [ "manner-cause-amount", "question-words" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cuánto?" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "How much?" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A hand holding coins counting them", "imageSearchTerm": "counting coins hand", "alt": "Counting coins hand", "credit": "Pexels · Renan Braz", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/hands-counting-coins-in-low-light-atmosphere-35861297/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-cuanto.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "¿Cuánto?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1s0vapbmlmool" }, { "id": "mcq-question-why", "tags": [ "question-words" ], "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Dónde estás aquí?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Por qué estás aquí?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cómo estás aquí?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Porque estás aquí?" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "The question form '¿Por qué?' is two words with an accent, whereas the answer 'porque' (because) is one word.", "shape": "mcq", "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How do you ask 'Why are you here?' in Spanish?" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Por qué estás aquí?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ec1m391hr1m0z" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-quien", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "person-time-place", "question-words" ], "statement": "\"¿Quién?\" means \"Who?\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "¿Quién? means Who?", "derivedFrom": "pair-quien", "speak": { "text": "¿Quién?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "q0mob6khxcy6" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuando", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "person-time-place", "question-words" ], "statement": "\"¿Cuándo?\" means \"When?\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "¿Cuándo? means When?", "derivedFrom": "pair-cuando", "speak": { "text": "¿Cuándo?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1qj0c5ggbrm70" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-donde", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "person-time-place", "question-words" ], "statement": "\"¿Dónde?\" means \"Where?\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "¿Dónde? means Where?", "derivedFrom": "pair-donde", "speak": { "text": "¿Dónde?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "ju6xkl2vky33" }, { "id": "ot-qw-donde", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "interrogatives", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which interrogative means 'Where?'" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Dónde?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cuándo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cómo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Quién?" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "'¿Dónde?' means 'where.' '¿Cuándo?' is 'when,' '¿Quién?' is 'who,' and '¿Cómo?' is 'how.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Dónde?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1wiugtrmel2bp" }, { "id": "ot-qw-porque", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "porque", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "'Porque' — one word, no accent — means what?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "When" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Why" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Because" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "How" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'Porque' (one word, no accent) is the answer 'because.' The question '¿Por qué?' is two words with an accent on qué.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Porque", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "22wcr31a0rfh" }, { "id": "ot-qw-cuanto", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "interrogatives", "meaning" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which interrogative means 'How much?'" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cómo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cuándo?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cuánto?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Quién?" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'¿Cuánto?' means 'how much.' '¿Cómo?' is 'how,' '¿Cuándo?' is 'when,' and '¿Quién?' is 'who.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Cuánto?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "19m4v7x1bonekj" }, { "id": "ot-qw-mismatch", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "interrogatives", "not" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which interrogative-to-meaning pairing is INCORRECT?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cuándo? = When?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Dónde? = Where?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Cómo? = Why?" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "¿Quién? = Who?" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'¿Cómo?' means 'how,' not 'why' — 'why' is '¿Por qué?' The other three pairings are correct.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Cómo?", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1merlic1cf4ks4" }, { "id": "fact-interrogative-roster", "tags": [ "question-words", "interrogatives" ], "title": "Question words travel together", "body": "Spanish interrogatives come as a group, each one written with an accent and wrapped in a pair of question marks: **¿quién?** *who*, **¿cuándo?** *when*, **¿dónde?** *where*, **¿cómo?** *how*, **¿cuánto?** *how much*. The upside-down **¿** exists so a reader knows a question is coming before reaching the end of it.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "curious puzzled person questioning", "imagePrompt": "A person tilting their head with a curious, puzzled expression, as if about to ask a question.", "alt": "Question words travel together", "depictable": false }, "speak": { "text": "¿quién?", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-qw-mismatch", "pair-como", "pair-cuando", "pair-cuanto", "pair-donde", "pair-quien", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuando", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-donde", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-quien" ], "uid": "kvhdcx8fc8ij" }, { "id": "fact-porque-two-words", "tags": [ "question-words", "porque" ], "title": "¿Por Qué? Asks, Porque Answers", "body": "**¿Por qué estás aquí?** is *why are you here?* — two words, accent on **qué**. The reply, **porque** (*because*), is one word with no accent. Same letters, different stress, opposite jobs; running them together in writing reads the way *their* does where *there* belongs.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "person asking answering conversation", "imagePrompt": "Two people in conversation, one gesturing as if asking a question and the other calmly explaining a reason.", "alt": "¿Por Qué? Asks, Porque Answers", "depictable": false, "credit": "Unsplash · Vitaly Gariev · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/a-man-sitting-at-a-table-talking-to-a-woman-yrSta3T5GDs", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-porque-two-words.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Por qué estás aquí?", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-question-why", "ot-qw-porque", "pair-porque" ], "uid": "se1nuzpjdep" }, { "id": "fact-accent-marks-the-question", "tags": [ "question-words", "interrogatives" ], "title": "Drop the accent, change jobs", "body": "That accent is not decoration — it is what separates a question from a statement. **¿Cómo?** is *how?*, but **como** means *like* or *as*. **¿Dónde?** asks *where?*, while plain **donde** links a clause: *la casa **donde** vivo*, the house where I live.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "single word spotlight emphasis", "imagePrompt": "A small spotlight illuminating a single point in an otherwise dim, uniform space, symbolizing how one small mark changes meaning.", "alt": "Drop the accent, change jobs", "depictable": false, "credit": "Unsplash · Liana S · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/a-black-and-white-photo-of-a-light-in-the-dark-EkF4PLx_Okc", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-accent-marks-the-question.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Cómo?", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-qw-mismatch", "pair-como", "pair-donde", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-donde" ], "uid": "nd12655dk0kb" }, { "id": "fi-ot-qw-donde", "tags": [ "interrogatives", "meaning" ], "title": "Dónde", "body": "'¿Dónde?' means 'where' in Spanish, distinct from '¿Cuándo?' (when), '¿Quién?' (who), and '¿Cómo?' (how).", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "blank signpost crossroads arrows", "imagePrompt": "A wooden signpost with several blank arrow-shaped signs pointing in different directions at a crossroads.", "alt": "Dónde", "depictable": false, "credit": "Pexels · Jan van der Wolf · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/colorful-direction-signs-on-a-metal-pole-6855079/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-qw-donde.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Dónde?", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "pair-donde", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-donde" ], "uid": "fvzc7f1ho8v1p" }, { "id": "fi-ot-qw-cuanto", "tags": [ "interrogatives", "meaning" ], "title": "Cuánto", "body": "'¿Cuánto?' means 'how much,' different from '¿Cómo?' (how), '¿Cuándo?' (when), and '¿Quién?' (who).", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "hand holding blank price tag", "imagePrompt": "A shopper's hand holding a blank price tag while examining an item on a store shelf.", "alt": "Cuánto", "depictable": false, "credit": "AI-generated (gpt-image-1.5)", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-qw-cuanto.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "¿Cuánto?", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "pair-cuanto" ], "uid": "oldbx11orbeo7" }, { "id": "pair-treinta", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Treinta" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Thirty" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 30 in bold blue text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 30 blue", "alt": "Number 30 blue", "credit": "Pexels · Jan van der Wolf", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/textured-white-wall-with-house-number-30-sign-31601966/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-treinta.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Treinta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "8v7sjkec8ep0" }, { "id": "pair-cuarenta", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Cuarenta" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Forty" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 40 in bold red text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 40 red", "alt": "Number 40 red", "credit": "Pexels · Pixabay", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-photography-of-gray-adding-machine-219570/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-cuarenta.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Cuarenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "iox1g175k2wc" }, { "id": "pair-cincuenta", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Cincuenta" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Fifty" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 50 in bold green text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 50 green", "alt": "Number 50 green", "credit": "Pexels · Sarah MP", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-close-up-shot-of-a-table-number-9300580/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-cincuenta.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Cincuenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "dmzqpp1a3qwiv" }, { "id": "pair-sesenta", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Sesenta" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Sixty" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 60 in bold purple text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 60 purple", "alt": "Number 60 purple", "credit": "Pexels · Magda Ehlers", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/60-number-1339871/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-sesenta.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Sesenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "3myyr31pxm0bx" }, { "id": "pair-setenta", "tags": [ "upper-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Setenta" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Seventy" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 70 in bold orange text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 70 orange", "alt": "Number 70 orange" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Setenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "l8f14vidigex" }, { "id": "pair-ochenta", "tags": [ "upper-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ochenta" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Eighty" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 80 in bold black text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 80 black", "alt": "Number 80 black" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Ochenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "f426x71nacjet" }, { "id": "pair-noventa", "tags": [ "upper-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Noventa" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Ninety" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 90 in bold yellow text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 90 yellow", "alt": "Number 90 yellow" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Noventa", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1u233nx1y8d3qb" }, { "id": "pair-cien", "tags": [ "upper-tens", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "One hundred" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "The number 100 in shining gold text", "imageSearchTerm": "number 100 gold", "alt": "Number 100 gold", "credit": "Pexels · Magda Ehlers", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/red-background-with-100-text-overlay-1339870/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-cien.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Cien", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1rcsl8s1g0yti4" }, { "id": "mcq-rw-p4-numbers-100", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "spanish" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In Spanish, 'cien' means exactly 100. What form does the word take for the numbers 101 through 199, as in 150?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien y cincuenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ciento cincuenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien cincuenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cientos cincuenta" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "'Cien' is reserved for a flat 100. From 101 through 199 it becomes 'ciento': ciento uno, ciento cincuenta. No 'y' goes between the hundreds and the tens here.", "speak": { "text": "Ciento cincuenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "lv1c9c166gw40" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-treinta", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Treinta\" means \"One hundred\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Treinta actually means Thirty.", "derivedFrom": "pair-treinta", "speak": { "text": "Treinta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "12o1d415a8mub" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuarenta", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Cuarenta\" means \"The time / The hour\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Cuarenta actually means Forty.", "derivedFrom": "pair-cuarenta", "speak": { "text": "Cuarenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "xi2vydhxrbez" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cincuenta", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Cincuenta\" means \"Fifty\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "Cincuenta means Fifty.", "derivedFrom": "pair-cincuenta", "speak": { "text": "Cincuenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "6gcoy51sp3nyn" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-sesenta", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "lower-tens", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Sesenta\" means \"The time / The hour\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Sesenta actually means Sixty.", "derivedFrom": "pair-sesenta", "speak": { "text": "Sesenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "16nwvzlpnkjsj" }, { "id": "ot-tens-treinta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which Spanish word means 'thirty'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Treinta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sesenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Setenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cuarenta" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "Treinta is 30. Cuarenta is 40, sesenta is 60, and setenta is 70.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Treinta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1e8fkcyun7oke" }, { "id": "ot-tens-noventa", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "The Spanish number 'noventa' corresponds to which value?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "80" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "70" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "60" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "90" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Noventa is 90. Ochenta is 80, setenta is 70, and sesenta is 60.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Noventa", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1fd7x5116k9kf3" }, { "id": "ot-tens-smallest", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "compare" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which of these tens is the SMALLEST number?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ochenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cincuenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Setenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Noventa" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Cincuenta is 50, the smallest here. Setenta is 70, ochenta is 80, and noventa is 90.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Cincuenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "xshtmij9dloq" }, { "id": "ot-tens-not", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which pairing does NOT correctly match the Spanish word to its number?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Cuarenta = 40" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ochenta = 90" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sesenta = 60" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cincuenta = 50" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Ochenta is 80, not 90 (that is noventa). The other three pairings are correct.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ochenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "8u42pn1uunj5t" }, { "id": "ot-tens-setenta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "You need to say the number 70. Which word do you use?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ochenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Setenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Sesenta" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Noventa" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Setenta is 70. Sesenta (60) is the easy confusion; ochenta is 80 and noventa is 90.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Setenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1w6v9fx1r4tf1f" }, { "id": "ot-cien-flat", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "cien-ciento" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "When does Spanish use the form 'cien' rather than 'ciento'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "For 150" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "For 101" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "For every number above 100" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "For exactly 100" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Cien is reserved for a flat 100. From 101 through 199 it becomes ciento (ciento uno, ciento cincuenta).", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Cien", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1c23jkx169lf9n" }, { "id": "ot-cien-101", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "cien-ciento" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How do you say 101 in Spanish?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien y uno" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien uno" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ciento uno" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cientos uno" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "From 101 through 199, cien becomes ciento with no 'y': ciento uno. 'Cien uno' and 'cien y uno' are both wrong.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ciento uno", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "12mophg95q2qs" }, { "id": "ot-cien-sesenta", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Confirming the tens: 'sesenta' equals which value?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "70" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "16" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "50" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "60" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Sesenta is 60. Setenta (70) and cincuenta (50) are neighboring tens; 16 is dieciséis.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Sesenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1xf7wp31de6v4l" }, { "id": "ot-cien-150-false", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "cien-ciento" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which statement about 'cien' and 'ciento' is FALSE?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ciento cincuenta means 150" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "'Cien cincuenta' is the correct way to say 150" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ciento is used from 101 through 199" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien is used for exactly 100" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "150 is 'ciento cincuenta', not 'cien cincuenta'. The other three statements are all true.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ciento cincuenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "gbtqnfdpq2ud" }, { "id": "fact-tens-enta-pattern", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens", "numbers-time" ], "title": "The Tens All Rhyme Except Two", "body": "Past **veinte** the pattern locks in: **treinta** (30), **cuarenta** (40), **cincuenta** (50), **sesenta** (60), **setenta** (70), **ochenta** (80), **noventa** (90), **cien** (100). Every one of them ends in **-enta** except **treinta**, which slips an *i* in, and **cien**, which leaves the pattern entirely.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "repeating pattern two exceptions", "imagePrompt": "A row of matching decorative tiles in a repeating pattern, with two tiles breaking the sequence in a slightly different style.", "alt": "The Tens All Rhyme Except Two", "depictable": false, "credit": "Unsplash · Ricardo Gomez Angel · Unsplash License", "creditUrl": "https://unsplash.com/photos/gray-digital-wallpaper-AgWDBLaWJY0", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-tens-enta-pattern.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "treinta, cuarenta, cincuenta, sesenta, setenta, ochenta, noventa, cien", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-cien-sesenta", "ot-tens-noventa", "ot-tens-setenta", "ot-tens-treinta", "pair-cien", "pair-cincuenta", "pair-cuarenta", "pair-noventa", "pair-ochenta", "pair-sesenta", "pair-setenta", "pair-treinta", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuarenta", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-sesenta", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-treinta", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cincuenta" ], "uid": "1zyvfj1wa56yd" }, { "id": "fact-sesenta-setenta-trap", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens" ], "title": "Sesenta and setenta, one letter", "body": "A classic confusion in Spanish numbers is 60 versus 70, because a single consonant separates them. Trace each back to its root and they come apart cleanly: **seis** (6) gives **sesenta**, **siete** (7) gives **setenta**. Miss it at a market stall and you are off by ten.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "Spanish outdoor market stall", "imagePrompt": "A bustling outdoor market stall in Spain with a vendor and fresh produce, mid-transaction with a customer.", "alt": "Sesenta and setenta, one letter", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Elias Jara", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/merchandise-and-sign-at-market-stall-16063799/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-sesenta-setenta-trap.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "sesenta, setenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-cien-sesenta", "ot-tens-setenta", "pair-sesenta", "pair-setenta", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-sesenta" ], "uid": "i9wfr5wq0t4b" }, { "id": "fact-cien-vs-ciento", "tags": [ "numbers", "cien-ciento" ], "title": "Cien means exactly 100", "body": "**Cien** is reserved for a flat hundred. From 101 through 199 the word becomes **ciento** — *ciento uno*, *ciento cincuenta* — with no **y** between the hundred and the tens, even though **y** is required lower down in **treinta y cinco**. Worth locking in before a price gets rattled off at a bakery counter.", "shape": "fact", "factVariant": "image-heavy", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A Spanish bakery counter lined with pastries and bread, with a customer waiting as the baker works.", "imageSearchTerm": "bakery counter pastries bread", "alt": "Cien Means Exactly 100 and Nothing More", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · rao qingwei", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/display-of-freshly-baked-breads-and-pastries-31484077/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-cien-vs-ciento.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "cien, ciento cincuenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "mcq-rw-p4-numbers-100", "ot-cien-101", "ot-cien-150-false", "ot-cien-flat", "pair-cien" ], "uid": "c1pk9dm3h2fb" }, { "id": "fi-ot-tens-smallest", "tags": [ "numbers", "compare" ], "title": "Cincuenta", "body": "Cincuenta means 50 in Spanish — smaller than setenta (70), ochenta (80), and noventa (90).", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "stacked wooden blocks counting", "imagePrompt": "Small stacked wooden blocks arranged in a few short ascending rows, suggesting counting and quantity without any numerals.", "alt": "Cincuenta", "depictable": false, "credit": "Pexels · https://kaboompics.com/ · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/wooden-children-game-with-stacks-and-circles-7269670/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-tens-smallest.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Cincuenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "pair-cincuenta", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cincuenta" ], "uid": "1jbejyv16asdwt" }, { "id": "fi-ot-tens-not", "tags": [ "numbers", "tens" ], "title": "Ochenta", "body": "In Spanish, 'ochenta' is 80; the word for 90 is 'noventa.' The two are easy to mix up but refer to different numbers.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "wooden block clusters quantity", "imagePrompt": "Clusters of small wooden blocks arranged in taller ascending groups, suggesting larger quantities without any numerals.", "alt": "Ochenta", "depictable": false, "credit": "Pexels · Magda Ehlers · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/colorful-wooden-blocks-on-marble-surface-34817526/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-tens-not.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Ochenta", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-tens-noventa", "pair-noventa", "pair-ochenta" ], "uid": "7kfkitgauvff" }, { "id": "ot-cien-120", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "numbers", "cien-ciento" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "A baker quotes a price of 120. How is that number said in Spanish?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien veinte" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Ciento veinte" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cien y veinte" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Cientos veinte" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "Cien is only a flat 100; from 101 through 199 it becomes ciento, as in ciento uno and ciento cincuenta. So 120 is ciento veinte.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Ciento veinte", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "14dlenwm899h0" }, { "id": "pair-la-hora", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "La hora" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "The time / The hour" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A vintage pocket watch resting on a table", "imageSearchTerm": "vintage pocket watch", "alt": "Vintage pocket watch", "credit": "Pexels · Gabriele Mariacher", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/retro-pocket-watch-with-roman-numerals-on-a-rock-18967948/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-la-hora.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "La hora", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "kghzlomnspa4" }, { "id": "pair-en-punto", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "En punto" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "O'clock (exactly)" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A clock face showing exactly 12:00", "imageSearchTerm": "clock face 12 o'clock", "alt": "Clock face 12 o'clock", "credit": "Pexels · Tima Miroshnichenko", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/macro-shot-of-a-clock-7033931/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-en-punto.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "En punto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1rhyllp1lraf1f" }, { "id": "pair-media", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Y media" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Half-past" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "An analog clock showing 1:30", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 1:30", "alt": "Analog clock 1:30", "credit": "Pexels · Irfan Rahat", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/silver-and-black-round-analog-watch-12581691/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-media.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Y media", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1wbo0lmn8ejo2" }, { "id": "pair-cuarto", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Y cuarto" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Quarter-past" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "An analog clock showing 2:15", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 2:15", "alt": "Analog clock 2:15", "credit": "Pexels · wal_ 172619", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-a-sundial-in-black-and-white-38368165/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-cuarto.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Y cuarto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "6kdhyn1iz26at" }, { "id": "cloze-time-son", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "template": "___ las tres de la tarde.", "answer": "Son", "distractors": [ "Están", "Hacen", "Tienen" ], "explanation": "We use 'son' for all hours except one o'clock (es la una).", "shape": "cloze", "speak": { "text": "Son las tres de la tarde", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ax0m8gxdmey0" }, { "id": "mcq-time-afternoon", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "De la madrugada" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "De la mañana" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "De la noche" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "De la tarde" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "'De la tarde' covers the period from midday until nightfall.", "shape": "mcq", "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How do you specify a time is in the afternoon?" }, "speak": { "text": "De la tarde", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "b6u0gavmihh2" }, { "id": "fact-mediodia-cultural", "tags": [ "numbers-time", "culture" ], "title": "Mediodía and Lunchtime", "body": "**Mediodía** literally means *midday*, but it is not always exactly 12 PM: the Real Academia Española (RAE) dictionary defines it both as the moment the sun is highest and as a period of imprecise length around noon. The same dictionary says the midday meal is eaten at midday or in the first hours of the afternoon. In Spain that meal usually starts around 2 PM or a little later.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "Spanish family midday meal", "imagePrompt": "A Spanish family sharing a large midday meal together at a table in the early afternoon.", "alt": "Mediodía and Lunchtime", "credit": "Pexels · Alexy Almond", "depictable": true, "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-celebrating-with-food-on-the-table-3758013/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-mediodia-cultural.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "mediodía", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1vl89f9e5bc7f" }, { "id": "cmp-time-menos-cuarto", "shape": "comparison", "prompt": "Which analog clock shows 'un cuarto para las cuatro'?", "correct": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand points just before the 4 numeral, and the minute hand points squarely at the 9 numeral, indicating a time of 3:45. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 arranged around the perimeter, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 3:45", "caption": "Hands at 3:45 — hour just before 4, minute on the 9" }, "incorrect": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand points just before the 5 numeral, and the minute hand points squarely at the 9 numeral, indicating a time of 4:45. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 arranged around the perimeter, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 4:45", "caption": "Hands at 4:45 — hour just before 5, minute on the 9" }, "explanation": "'Un cuarto para las cuatro' means 'a quarter to four' — that is, 3:45, fifteen minutes before four o'clock.", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "speak": { "text": "un cuarto para las cuatro", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "x1mso6gjo7g2" }, { "id": "cmp-time-y-media", "shape": "comparison", "prompt": "Which analog clock shows 'las siete y media'?", "correct": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand sits midway between the 7 and the 8 numerals, and the minute hand points straight down at the 6 numeral, indicating a time of 7:30. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 around the rim, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 7:30", "caption": "Hands at 7:30 — hour between 7 and 8, minute on the 6" }, "incorrect": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand points squarely at the 7 numeral, and the minute hand points straight up at the 12 numeral, indicating a time of 7:00. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 around the rim, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 7:00", "caption": "Hands at 7:00 — hour on the 7, minute on the 12" }, "explanation": "'Las siete y media' means 'half past seven' — 7:30, with the minute hand on the 6 and the hour hand halfway between 7 and 8.", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "speak": { "text": "las siete y media", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "15k69uq1feu5fu" }, { "id": "cmp-time-y-cuarto", "shape": "comparison", "prompt": "Which analog clock shows 'las dos y cuarto'?", "correct": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand sits just past the 2 numeral, and the minute hand points squarely at the 3 numeral, indicating a time of 2:15. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 around the rim, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 2:15", "caption": "Hands at 2:15 — hour just past 2, minute on the 3" }, "incorrect": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand sits just before the 2 numeral, and the minute hand points squarely at the 9 numeral, indicating a time of 1:45. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 around the rim, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 1:45", "caption": "Hands at 1:45 — hour just before 2, minute on the 9" }, "explanation": "'Las dos y cuarto' means 'a quarter past two' — 2:15, with the minute hand on the 3. The other clock reads 1:45, which would be 'un cuarto para las dos.'", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "speak": { "text": "las dos y cuarto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1v5p71ah3rgte" }, { "id": "cmp-time-en-punto", "shape": "comparison", "prompt": "Which analog clock shows 'las ocho en punto'?", "correct": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand points squarely at the 8 numeral, and the minute hand points straight up at the 12 numeral, indicating a time of 8:00. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 around the rim, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 8:00", "caption": "Hands at 8:00 — hour on the 8, minute on the 12" }, "incorrect": { "imagePrompt": "Schematic flat-vector illustration of a round analog wall clock face. The hour hand sits just past the 8 numeral, and the minute hand points squarely at the 3 numeral, indicating a time of 8:15. White background, stone-gray numerals 1 through 12 around the rim, slim black hands, thin tick marks at each minute.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock 8:15", "caption": "Hands at 8:15 — hour just past 8, minute on the 3" }, "explanation": "'Las ocho en punto' means 'eight sharp' — exactly 8:00, with the minute hand straight up on the 12 ('en punto' is 'on the dot'). With the minute hand on the 3 it would be 'las ocho y cuarto' (8:15).", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "speak": { "text": "las ocho en punto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1pdwiu51o7yxtn" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-la-hora", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"La hora\" means \"The time / The hour\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "La hora means The time / The hour.", "derivedFrom": "pair-la-hora", "speak": { "text": "La hora", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ifl6by1b50rky" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"En punto\" means \"O'clock (exactly)\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "En punto means O'clock (exactly).", "derivedFrom": "pair-en-punto", "speak": { "text": "En punto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "l1v86pr7bklb" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"En punto\" means \"Half-past\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "En punto actually means O'clock (exactly).", "derivedFrom": "pair-en-punto", "speak": { "text": "En punto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "15aej6z1yxx8ft" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-media", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Y media\" means \"Half-past\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "Y media means Half-past.", "derivedFrom": "pair-media", "speak": { "text": "Y media", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "16om7zc1164jic" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuarto", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Y cuarto\" means \"Quarter-past\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "Y cuarto means Quarter-past.", "derivedFrom": "pair-cuarto", "speak": { "text": "Y cuarto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "4camzb1kufn11" }, { "id": "ot-time-una", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "time", "es-la-una" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How do you say 'It is one o'clock' in Spanish?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Es la una" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son la una" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son las una" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Es las una" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "One o'clock is singular: 'es la una.' Every other hour uses the plural 'son las.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Es la una", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "qiduhhqfxffn" }, { "id": "ot-time-cuarto", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "time", "fractions" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'y cuarto' express when telling time?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Quarter-to" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "On the dot" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Quarter-past" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Half-past" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'Y cuarto' is quarter-past. 'Un cuarto para' plus the next hour is quarter-to, 'y media' is half-past, and 'en punto' is on the dot.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Y cuarto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1axkezu18n3ezm" }, { "id": "ot-time-130", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "time", "apply" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "It is 1:30. How do you say it in Spanish?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Es la una y media" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son la una y media" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Es la una y cuarto" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Son las una y media" } ], "correctIndex": 0, "explanation": "One o'clock takes singular 'es la una,' and half-past is 'y media,' giving 'es la una y media.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Es la una y media", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "rt8hr1d0jqsp" }, { "id": "ot-time-punto", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "time", "en-punto" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'en punto' mean when telling time?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Quarter-to" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "On the dot" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Half-past" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "In the afternoon" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "'En punto' means on the dot, e.g. 'son las ocho en punto' is eight sharp.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "En punto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "19fgmo513ko813" }, { "id": "fact-es-la-una", "tags": [ "numbers-time", "es-la-una" ], "title": "One o'clock, the singular hour", "body": "Spanish gives you two openings for the time. **Es la una** for one o'clock — singular hour, singular verb — and **son las** for every other hour: **son las tres de la tarde**, *three in the afternoon*. So 1:30 is **es la una y media**, but 3:30 is **son las tres y media**.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "analog clock single hour", "imagePrompt": "A minimalist analog clock with both hands pointing straight up, without numerals on its face.", "alt": "One o'clock, the singular hour", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Mikhail Nilov", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/round-analog-wall-clock-with-gold-trim-on-white-wall-6968188/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-es-la-una.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Es la una", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-time-son", "ot-time-130", "ot-time-una", "pair-media", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-media" ], "uid": "1t7lfck55yw3g" }, { "id": "fact-menos-cuarto-countdown", "tags": [ "numbers-time", "fractions" ], "title": "Past the half, counting backwards", "body": "Up to the half you add: **y cuarto** (quarter-past), **y media** (half-past), **en punto** for on the dot. After that, in Mexico you count down to the next hour: **un cuarto para las cuatro** (*a quarter to four*) is 3:45. (Spain subtracts instead: **las cuatro menos cuarto**, literally *four minus a quarter*.)", "shape": "fact", "factVariant": "image-heavy", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A minimalist analog wall clock with its hands showing quarter to the hour, without numerals on its face.", "imageSearchTerm": "analog wall clock quarter", "alt": "Past the Half Hour, Spanish Counts Backwards", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Marcelo Mora", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/wall-clock-on-green-wall-showing-time-30073743/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-menos-cuarto-countdown.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "un cuarto para las cuatro", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cmp-time-menos-cuarto", "ot-time-cuarto", "pair-cuarto", "pair-en-punto", "pair-media", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-cuarto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-media" ], "uid": "1ec0lgcfpdj78" }, { "id": "fi-mcq-time-afternoon", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "title": "De la tarde", "body": "To specify that a time is in the afternoon, Spanish uses 'de la tarde,' covering the period from midday until nightfall.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "afternoon sunlight golden hour", "imagePrompt": "Warm afternoon sunlight streaming across a city street in the hours after midday.", "alt": "De la tarde", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Karolina", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-in-green-sweater-walking-in-the-field-11469598/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-mcq-time-afternoon.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "De la tarde", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "5ldepqgtcffy" }, { "id": "fi-ot-time-punto", "tags": [ "time", "en-punto" ], "title": "En punto", "body": "'En punto' signals an exact time in Spanish — for example, 'son las ocho en punto' means eight o'clock sharp.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "clock face exact hour", "imagePrompt": "A close-up of an analog clock's hands pointing straight up to the top of the hour.", "alt": "En punto", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Horst Dreisbach · Pexels License", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-a-modern-wall-clock-face-39425428/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-time-punto.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "En punto", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cmp-time-en-punto", "pair-en-punto", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-en-punto" ], "uid": "1jwkksq12csj36" }, { "id": "pair-enero", "tags": [ "months", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Enero" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "January" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A snowy calendar page for January", "imageSearchTerm": "january calendar snow", "alt": "January calendar snow", "credit": "Pexels · Viridiana Rivera", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/2024-19797337/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-enero.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Enero", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1s2crom1scrxzq" }, { "id": "pair-agosto", "tags": [ "months", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Agosto" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "August" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A sunny beach with summer vacation vibes", "imageSearchTerm": "summer beach sunny", "alt": "Summer beach sunny", "credit": "Pexels · Rahime Gül", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/aerial-view-of-birds-on-rocky-seaside-beach-38628942/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-agosto.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Agosto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1xtgjyt16v69kn" }, { "id": "pair-diciembre", "tags": [ "months", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "Diciembre" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "December" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Christmas decorations on a city street", "imageSearchTerm": "december christmas street", "alt": "December christmas street", "credit": "Pexels · Vitali Adutskevich", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-walking-on-snowed-street-at-night-15822249/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-diciembre.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "Diciembre", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "g8uxjs10susb4" }, { "id": "pair-primavera", "tags": [ "seasons", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "La primavera" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Spring" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Flowers blooming in a lush green field", "imageSearchTerm": "spring flowers field", "alt": "Spring flowers field", "credit": "Pexels · Jana Pohl", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/close-up-of-vibrant-white-and-yellow-daisies-in-bloom-38812401/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-primavera.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "La primavera", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1p2y6rk8i7z34" }, { "id": "pair-otono", "tags": [ "seasons", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "El otoño" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Autumn / Fall" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "Orange and yellow leaves falling from trees", "imageSearchTerm": "autumn leaves falling", "alt": "Autumn leaves falling", "credit": "Pexels · Ksenia Vornichesku", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/vibrant-autumn-leaves-carpet-on-forest-floor-37482735/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-otono.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "El otoño", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "jwx261oljewq" }, { "id": "pair-invierno", "tags": [ "seasons", "numbers-time" ], "sideA": { "modality": "text", "value": "El invierno" }, "sideB": { "modality": "text", "value": "Winter" }, "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A cozy fireplace inside a snowy cabin", "imageSearchTerm": "winter fireplace snow", "alt": "Winter fireplace snow", "credit": "Pexels · Natalia Sevruk", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/winter-bonfire-with-smoky-wood-in-outdoor-setting-35695576/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/pair-invierno.webp" }, "shape": "pair", "speak": { "text": "El invierno", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1ssfn1l1ius37j" }, { "id": "cloze-seasons-verano", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "template": "En ___ hace mucho calor.", "answer": "verano", "distractors": [ "invierno", "otoño", "primavera" ], "explanation": "Summer (verano) is the hot season: en verano hace mucho calor.", "shape": "cloze", "speak": { "text": "En verano hace mucho calor", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1j7l5ag19layc0" }, { "id": "mcq-months-order", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "octubre" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "junio" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "julio" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "septiembre" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "Septiembre follows agosto in the calendar year.", "shape": "mcq", "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which month comes right after 'agosto'?" }, "speak": { "text": "Septiembre", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "g1yupo165su2c" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-enero", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "months", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Enero\" means \"The time / The hour\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Enero actually means January.", "derivedFrom": "pair-enero", "speak": { "text": "Enero", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1momujhzteb0v" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-agosto", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "months", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Agosto\" means \"One hundred\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "Agosto actually means August.", "derivedFrom": "pair-agosto", "speak": { "text": "Agosto", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "4ihhkd48xky3" }, { "id": "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-diciembre", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "months", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"Diciembre\" means \"December\".", "isTrue": true, "why": "Diciembre means December.", "derivedFrom": "pair-diciembre", "speak": { "text": "Diciembre", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "19hq81q718b7e" }, { "id": "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-primavera", "shape": "trueFalse", "tags": [ "seasons", "numbers-time" ], "statement": "\"La primavera\" means \"Autumn / Fall\".", "isTrue": false, "why": "La primavera actually means Spring.", "derivedFrom": "pair-primavera", "speak": { "text": "La primavera", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "12uw3su1qn4e4i" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-primavera", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "seasons", "calendar" ], "name": "primavera", "clues": [ "One of the four seasons in Spanish.", "It is the odd one out for taking a feminine article, while the other three are masculine.", "It's the season of spring." ], "speak": { "text": "primavera", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-seasons-feminine", "ot-seasons-primavera", "pair-primavera", "tf-f-spanish-vocabulary-pair-primavera" ], "uid": "uwrho3hs1p9p" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-verano", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "seasons", "weather" ], "name": "verano", "clues": [ "One of the four seasons, and grammatically masculine.", "It pairs with the phrase 'hace mucho calor' for hot weather.", "It's the hot season — summer." ], "speak": { "text": "verano", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-seasons-verano", "ot-seasons-calor" ], "uid": "zkyfq13npym6" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-oto-o", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "seasons", "calendar" ], "name": "otoño", "clues": [ "A masculine-gendered season in Spanish.", "It falls between the hottest season and the coldest one.", "English calls it autumn, or fall." ], "speak": { "text": "otoño", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "pair-otono" ], "uid": "120fsaqx2oss6" }, { "id": "concept-rw-spanish-vocabulary-invierno", "shape": "concept", "conceptKind": "thing", "tags": [ "thing", "seasons", "weather" ], "name": "invierno", "clues": [ "One of the four seasons, taking a masculine article.", "It pairs with 'hace frío' — cold weather.", "It's the coldest season, winter." ], "speak": { "text": "invierno", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-seasons-invierno", "pair-invierno" ], "uid": "1053my6j8dxc6" }, { "id": "ot-months-enero", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "months" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which month is 'enero'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "June" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "July" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "January" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "December" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Enero is January, the first month. Note that Spanish months are not capitalized.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Enero", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "29xvzx3cj5tv" }, { "id": "ot-months-diciembre", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "months" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How do you say 'December' in Spanish?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Enero" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Diciembre" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Noviembre" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Octubre" } ], "correctIndex": 1, "explanation": "December is diciembre. Noviembre is November and octubre is October; enero is January.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Diciembre", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1i3r2rsialq3k" }, { "id": "ot-months-first", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "months", "order" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which of these months comes FIRST in the calendar year?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Febrero" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Marzo" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Enero" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Agosto" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Enero (January) opens the year, followed by febrero, marzo, and later agosto.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Enero", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "11b2u3q1f7u9z2" }, { "id": "ot-months-marzo", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "months", "order" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which month is the third one in the calendar year?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Febrero" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Abril" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Enero" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Marzo" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "The order runs enero, febrero, marzo — so marzo (March) is third. Enero is first and febrero second.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "Marzo", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "9g44mw1r4z6l0" }, { "id": "ot-seasons-primavera", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "seasons" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "What does 'la primavera' mean?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Summer" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Winter" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Autumn" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Spring" } ], "correctIndex": 3, "explanation": "La primavera is spring. Verano is summer, otoño is autumn, and invierno is winter.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "La primavera", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "2cs0kw1ekk2yg" }, { "id": "ot-seasons-invierno", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "seasons" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "How do you say 'winter' in Spanish?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "La primavera" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El verano" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El invierno" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El otoño" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "El invierno is winter. El verano is summer, el otoño is autumn, and la primavera is spring.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "El invierno", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "qpkngzxartu9" }, { "id": "ot-seasons-calor", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "seasons", "weather" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "In which season does Spanish say 'hace mucho calor'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "El invierno" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El otoño" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "El verano" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "La primavera" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "'En verano hace mucho calor' — summer is very hot. Winter, by contrast, is 'hace frío.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "En verano hace mucho calor", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "19pzqf9163r6fr" }, { "id": "ot-seasons-feminine", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "seasons", "gender" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "Which season is the only feminine one, taking 'la' instead of 'el'?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Otoño" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Invierno" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Primavera" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Verano" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "The seasons are masculine except spring: la primavera. Verano, otoño, and invierno all take 'el.'", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "la primavera", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "1eswsp91opvq5n" }, { "id": "ot-seasons-hacer", "shape": "mcq", "tags": [ "seasons", "weather", "hacer" ], "prompt": { "modality": "text", "value": "To say 'in winter it's cold', which verb does Spanish use for the weather?" }, "options": [ { "modality": "text", "value": "Ser" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Estar" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Hacer" }, { "modality": "text", "value": "Tener" } ], "correctIndex": 2, "explanation": "Spanish uses hacer for weather: en invierno hace frío, literally 'in winter it makes cold', where English uses 'to be'.", "source": { "label": "Spanish Vocabulary — Objective Test" }, "speak": { "text": "en invierno hace frío", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "xyyr5b10ei5l9" }, { "id": "fact-months-lowercase", "tags": [ "months", "numbers-time", "order" ], "title": "Spanish Months Refuse to Capitalize", "body": "**enero, febrero, marzo** … **agosto, septiembre** … **diciembre**: not one of them takes a capital letter, and neither do the days of the week. Order still counts — **marzo** is the third month, and **septiembre** comes after **agosto**, not before it.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "four seasons landscape collage", "imagePrompt": "Four seasonal landscape scenes arranged together — spring blossoms, summer sun, autumn leaves, and winter frost.", "alt": "Spanish Months Refuse to Capitalize", "depictable": false, "credit": "rkramer62 (Openverse) · by 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/26503922@N08/5723222150", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-months-lowercase.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "enero, febrero, marzo", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-months-marzo" ], "uid": "1dmjpfa1arlzx6" }, { "id": "fact-primavera-only-feminine", "tags": [ "seasons", "gender", "numbers-time" ], "title": "Three take el, one la", "body": "**El verano**, **el otoño**, **el invierno** — all masculine. **La primavera** is the lone holdout, the only season that takes **la**. If you are guessing an article for a season, guess **el** and you will be right three times out of four.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "spring blossoms flowering trees", "imagePrompt": "A vibrant spring landscape in full bloom with flowering trees, set apart from the bare branches of the other seasons nearby.", "alt": "Three take el, one la", "depictable": false, "credit": "enneafive (Openverse) · by 2.0", "creditUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/75612671@N03/26363972902", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-primavera-only-feminine.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "La primavera", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "ot-seasons-feminine" ], "uid": "1cck3pd1lqcstz" }, { "id": "fact-hacer-weather", "tags": [ "seasons", "weather", "hacer" ], "title": "Spanish Weather Is Made, Not Felt", "body": "English says *it is hot*; Spanish says *it makes heat*. Temperature runs on **hacer**, not **ser** or **estar**: **en verano hace mucho calor**, **en invierno hace frío**. Swap in one of the *to be* verbs and the sentence stops sounding like weather at all.", "shape": "fact", "factVariant": "image-heavy", "illustration": { "imagePrompt": "A sun-drenched plaza in Seville shimmering with summer heat, with people seeking shade under awnings.", "imageSearchTerm": "sunny Spanish plaza heat", "alt": "Spanish Weather Is Made, Not Felt", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Emilio Sánchez Hernández", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/cadiz-plaza-with-spanish-flag-and-fountain-37520846/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fact-hacer-weather.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "en verano hace mucho calor", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "cloze-seasons-verano", "ot-seasons-calor", "ot-seasons-hacer" ], "uid": "1qakuzur4vr2" }, { "id": "fi-mcq-months-order", "tags": [ "numbers-time" ], "title": "Agosto to septiembre", "body": "In the Spanish calendar, septiembre comes right after agosto, just as September follows August in English.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "summer turning to autumn", "imagePrompt": "A landscape transitioning from late summer greenery to early autumn colors, symbolizing the change of months.", "alt": "Agosto to septiembre", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · Christina & Peter", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/autumn-leaves-canopy-in-a-serene-forest-28902222/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-mcq-months-order.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "agosto, septiembre", "lang": "es-419" }, "uid": "cnv9oc73ol24" }, { "id": "fi-ot-months-diciembre", "tags": [ "months" ], "title": "After noviembre", "body": "'Diciembre' means December in Spanish, following noviembre (November) and octubre (October) in the calendar year.", "shape": "fact", "illustration": { "imageSearchTerm": "December winter snow scene", "imagePrompt": "A snowy winter landscape typical of December, with bare trees and soft snowfall.", "alt": "After noviembre", "depictable": true, "credit": "Pexels · André Cogez", "creditUrl": "https://www.pexels.com/photo/snowy-winter-landscape-with-frozen-pond-31186138/", "url": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-vocabulary/images/fi-ot-months-diciembre.webp" }, "speak": { "text": "Diciembre", "lang": "es-419" }, "linkedItemIds": [ "pair-diciembre", "tf-t-spanish-vocabulary-pair-diciembre" ], "uid": "1f70bo016ovdco" } ], "icon": "💬", "shortName": "Spanish Starter", "videos": [ { "id": "kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c1", "lessonId": "l1-foundations", "title": "Greetings by the Clock", "caption": "In Spanish, the greeting changes with the clock. Until about midday, say buenos días.", "durationSec": 31.91, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c1.0919e4bc.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c1.0919e4bc.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c1.0919e4bc.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": "CW_OnW2RCCw", "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c2", "lessonId": "l1-foundations", "title": "Tú, Usted and Two Ways to Be", "caption": "Spanish makes you choose your you. Tú is the informal one.", "durationSec": 29.74, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c2.66c8b60b.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c2.66c8b60b.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c2.66c8b60b.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": "wHe2nFJZWSY", "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c3", "lessonId": "l1-foundations", "title": "Why, or Because?", "caption": "Every Spanish question word carries a written accent. Quién is who. Dónde is where. Cuándo is when.", "durationSec": 29.74, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c3.48b3f9cc.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c3.48b3f9cc.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l1-foundations_c3.48b3f9cc.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": "qa9tnsnlwRY", "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c1", "lessonId": "l2-numbers-time", "title": "Counting by Tens", "caption": "Veinte is 20. After that, the tens fall into a pattern: treinta, cuarenta, cincuenta, sesenta.", "durationSec": 29.01, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c1.f532dac7.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c1.f532dac7.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c1.f532dac7.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": "VDVSoE8F2ro", "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c2", "lessonId": "l2-numbers-time", "title": "Es la Una, Son las Tres", "caption": "For 1:00, Spanish says es la una. For every other hour, it's son las.", "durationSec": 29.01, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c2.5e9e1369.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c2.5e9e1369.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c2.5e9e1369.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": "vy5rNvF_Ugw", "captionsBurnedIn": true }, { "id": "kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c3", "lessonId": "l2-numbers-time", "title": "No Capitals for Enero", "caption": "In Spanish, days and months take no capital letter: enero, febrero, marzo.", "durationSec": 29.74, "poster": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c3.b5512003.jpg", "sources": { "720": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c3.b5512003.720.mp4", "1080": "https://cdn.recurxive.com/packs/spanish-starter/videos/kp-spanish-starter_l2-numbers-time_c3.b5512003.1080.mp4" }, "youtubeId": "s_bFGvy8Qyc", "captionsBurnedIn": true } ] }